Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology

The Korean Society of Wood Science & Technology (한국목재공학회)
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Investigating The Potential of Human Hair Produced from The Beauty Parlor and Barbershop as a Raw Material of Wood Adhesives

미·이용업 폐기물 인모의 목재접착제 원료화 가능성 탐색

  • Yang, In (Department of Wood and Paper Science, College of Agriculture, Life & Environments Sciences, Chungbuk National University) ;
  • Ahn, Sye Hee (Department of Forest Resources, College of Life and Environmental Science, Daegu University)
  • 양인 (충북대학교 농업생명환경대학 목재종이과학과) ;
  • 안세희 (대구대학교 생명환경대학 산림자원학과)
  • Received : 2017.08.15
  • Accepted : 2017.08.31
  • Published : 2017.09.25
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Abstract

Human hair (HH) is produced as a waste from beauty parlor and barbershop. HH-based adhesives were formulated with NaOH-hydrolyzed HH, $H_2SO_4$-hydrolyzed chicken blood (CB) and PF as a crosslinking agent. Physicochemical properties and retention rate against hot water of the adhesives were measured to investigate the potential of HH as a raw material of wood adhesives. HH was composed of keratin-type protein of 80% and over. Ash of less than 0.1% was contained in HH. Among the amino acids included in HH, glutamic acid showed the highest content, followed by cysteine, serine, arginine and threonine. Solid content of the adhesives ranged from 33.2% to 41.8% depending on hydrolysis conditions of HH and PF type. Viscosity at $25^{\circ}C$ ranged from 300 to $600mPa{\cdot}s$ resulting in a sprayable adhesive. Retention rate against hot water measured to evaluate the water resistance of adhesives was the highest in the cured resin formulated with 5% NaOH-hydrolyzed HH and 5% $H_2SO_4$-hydrolyzed CB. Meanwhile, the molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol in PF did not have a significant impact on the retention rate of HH-based adhesives. When the retention rates of HH-based adhesives were compared to those of conventional wood adhesive resins used for the production of wood-based panels extensively, HH-based adhesives formulated with 30 wt% PF showed lower retention rate than commercial urea-formaldehyde resin. However, when PF content was increased to 35 wt%, the retention rate greatly increased and approached to that of commercial melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin. Except for the results mentioned above, the analysis of economic feasibility suggests that HH-based adhesives can be used for the production of wood-based panels if HH is hydrolyzed in proper conditions and then the HH-based adhesives are formulated by the HH hydrolyzates with 35 wt% PF.

본 연구는 미 이용원에서 폐기물로 발생되는 인모(人毛)의 NaOH 가수분해물, 도계 폐기물인 닭피의 $H_2SO_4$ 가수분해물 그리고 phenol-formaldehyde prepolymer (PF)를 가교제로 혼합하여 접착제를 조제하고, 이에 대한 물성 및 열수불용해율 측정결과를 통하여 인모의 목질판상재용 접착제의 원료화 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 수행하였다. 인모는 80% 이상의 케라틴계 단백질로 구성되어 있으며, 회분 함유량이 0.1% 미만으로 매우 낮았다. 인모에 함유된 단백질의 아미노산 가운데 glutamic acid의 함량이 가장 높았으며, 다음으로 cysteine, serine, arginine, threonine 순으로 조사되었다. 인모를 이용하여 조제한 접착제의 고형분 함량은 인모의 가수분해 조건 및 PF의 종류에 따라 33 - 41%의 범위였으며, 점도는 상온에서 $300-600mPa{\cdot}s$로 분사형 접착제로서 사용이 가능한 것으로 조사되었다. 접착제의 내수성을 비교하기 위하여 측정한 열수불용해율은 5% 농도의 NaOH 수용액에서 반응시킨 인모의 가수분해물, 고형분 함량을 기준으로 5 wt%의 $H_2SO_4$를 닭피에 첨가하여 반응시켜 준비한 가수분해물을 첨가하여 제조하고 경화시킨 접착제에서 높았다. 한편, PF에서 F/P의 몰비는 열수불용해율에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 이렇게 조제된 접착제의 열수불용해율을 현재 목질판상재 제조에 사용하고 있는 석유화학계 합성수지와 비교한 결과, 30 wt%의 PF로 조제한 인모 접착제는 전반적으로 요소 수지보다 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나 PF의 함량을 35 wt%까지 증가시켰을 때, 열수불용해율은 요소수지를 크게 상회하였으며, 멜리민-요소수지에 접근하는 것으로 조사되었다. 이와 같은 실험과 아울러 경제성을 분석한 결과, 적정조건에서 가수분해한 인모와 가교제로 35 wt%의 PF로 조제한 인모 접착제는 목질 판상재용 접착제로 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

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