DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Study on Utilization and Prospect of Lignocellulosic Bioethanol in ASEAN Countries

주요 ASEAN 국가의 목질계 바이오에탄올의 활용 및 전망에 관한 연구

  • Heo, Su Jung (Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University) ;
  • Choi, Joon Weon (Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University)
  • 허수정 (서울대학교 국제농업기술대학원) ;
  • 최준원 (서울대학교 국제농업기술대학원)
  • Received : 2017.06.22
  • Accepted : 2017.08.20
  • Published : 2017.09.25

Abstract

Currently, bioethanol, a fuel additive for transportation, is produced mainly by using biomass (first generation) such as corn and sugar canes. First generation biomass can cause various problems in terms of increase in agricultural prices and ethical reasons. To address these problems, a nonedible lignocellulosic biomass can be utilized. Agricultural byproducts such as straw, bagasse, and forest byproducts from the wood processing industry. Therefore, production of wood based bioethanol can be an effective utilization route of second generation biomass, and its raw materials are more abundant than first generation resources. Furthermore, it is possible to secure cheap raw materials. One of the biggest advantages of using biofuels is that it contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gases by minimizing the environmental impact, unlike fossil fuels. In this study, we investigated the greenhouse gas reduction effects that can be achieved through the use of Lignocellulosic bioethanol and government policies on renewable energy currently being implemented in ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines). In these four countries, policies and incentives related to biofuels have been developed. It is expected that the reduction ratio of carbon dioxide emission and the mixed biofuel will be gradually increased in the future.

현재 수송용 연료 첨가제로 유통되고 있는 바이오에탄올은 주로 옥수수와 사탕수수와 같은 식용(1세대) 바이오매스를 활용하여 생산된 것으로 농산물 가격상승 및 윤리적인 차원에서 다양한 문제점을 유발할 수 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 비식용 자원인 목질계 바이오매스를 활용할 수 있는데, 그 예로 짚과 Bagasse (사탕수수 찌꺼기)와 같은 농업부산물과 목재가공 산업에서 발생하는 톱밥 등의 임업 부산물 등이 있다. 따라서 목질계 바이오에탄올 생산은 2세대 바이오매스의 효과적인 활용 경로가 될 수 있으며, 그 원료는 1세대 자원보다 풍부하며 저렴한 원료의 확보가 가능하다. 이러한 바이오연료를 사용함으로써 얻게 되는 가장 큰 장점으로는 화석연료와 달리 환경에 미치는 영향을 최소화하여 온실가스 감축에 기여하는 것을 들 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 목질계 바이오에탄올 활용을 통해 이루어질 수 있는 온실가스 감축효과와 ASEAN 국가(인도네시아, 말레이시아, 태국, 필리핀)에서 현재 시행되고 있는 재생에너지에 대한 정부 정책을 연구하였다. 이러한 네 국가에서는 바이오연료에 관한 많은 정책과 인센티브 등이 발전되어 왔으며, 이산화탄소 배출 감축 목표와 바이오연료 의무 혼합률을 점차 증가시킬 것으로 조사되었다.

Keywords

References

  1. Amarasekara, A.S. 2012a. Handbook of cellulosic ethanol. Department of chemistry, Chapter 1. Renewable fuels. Prairie View A&M University, Wiley-Scrivener, Beverly, MA, USA.
  2. Amarasekara, A.S. 2012b. Handbook of cellulosic ethanol. Department of chemistry, Chapter 5. Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass. Prairie View A&M University, Wiley-Scrivener, Beverly, MA, USA.
  3. Anuman, C., Dhakal, S. 2016. Liquid biofuels development in southeast asian countries: an analysis of market, policies and challenges. Waste and Biomass Valorization 7.1: 157-173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-015-9433-9
  4. ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2015. 2016. ASEAN Secretariat, Community relations division/Jakarta.
  5. Balat, M. 2011. Production of bioethanol from lignocellulosic materials via the biochemical pathway: a review. Energy conversion and management 52.2: 858-875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.08.013
  6. GAIN (Global Agricultural Information) reports, 2016. Biofuels Annual Indonesia. USDA/Jakarta.
  7. GAIN (Global Agricultural Information) reports, 2016. Biofuels Annual Malaysia. USDA/Kuala Lumpur.
  8. GAIN (Global Agricultural Information) reports, 2016. Biofuels Annual Philippines. USDA/Manila.
  9. GAIN (Global Agricultural Information) reports, 2016. Biofuels Annual Thailand 2016. USDA/Bangkok.
  10. International Tropical Timber Organization.
  11. IEA, World Energy Outlook 2013 Special Report - Southeast Asia Energy Outlook, International Energy Agency. OECD/Paris.
  12. IEA, World Energy Outlook 2015 Special Report - Southeast Asia Energy Outlook, International Energy Agency. OECD/Paris.
  13. International Energy Agency. Available from: (http://www.iea.org/statistics/onlinedataservice/).
  14. Kim, Y.S., Gorman, T. 2007. Biomass energy in the USA: a literature review (III)-bioethanol production from biomass and feedstock supply. Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology 35(1): 1-10.
  15. Kim, H.Y., Lee, J.W., Jeffries, T.W., Choi I.G. 2011. Evaluation of oxalic acid pretreatment condition using response surface method for producing bio-ethanol from yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation. Wood Sciendce and Technology 39(1): 75-85.
  16. Kumar, S., Shrestha, P., Salam, P.A. 2013. A review of biofuel policies in the major biofuel producing countries of ASEAN: Production, targets, policy drivers and impacts. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 26: 822-836. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.06.007
  17. Mofijur, M., Masjuki, H.H., Kalam, M.A., Ashrafur Rahman, S.M., Mahmudul, H.M. 2015. Energy scenario and biofuel policies and targets in ASEAN countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 46: 51-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.02.020
  18. Slette, J.P., Wiyono, I.E. 2012. Biofuels annual. Global agricultural information network, Indonesia. Available from: [http://gain.fas.usda.gov/Recent%20GAIN%20Publications/Biofuels%20Annual_Jakarta_Indonesia_8-14-2012.pdf]; 2012[accessed September 2012].
  19. Zhou, A., Thomson, E. 2009. The development of biofuels in Asia. Applied Energy 86: 11-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.04.028