• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권4호통권97호
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• pp.64-70
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• 1999

A new multi-beam optical system is presented on the grounds of tri-positioning systems in this paper. The system has been developed to improve the data transfer rate for the optical disk system. The actuating system is composed of a tracking and focusing actuating system basically and a newly developed beam rotating actuator. The beam rotating actuator is employed in a multi-beam optical system to trace more than one track simultaneously. The multi-beam optics is established through the optical simulation and several experimental trials. The differential phase tracking method is used in the tracking error signal detection based on the only one beam spot. We also analyze the characteristics of multi-beam optical system. The experimental result shows that the multi-beam positioning system has performance adequate to the multi-beam optical disk system.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.435-443
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• 2016

In this paper, an efficient beam tracking algorithm for a regularized zero-forcing (RZF) approach in slowly fading multiple-input and single-output (MISO) broadcast channels is considered. By modifying an RZF equation, an RZF beam tracking algorithm is proposed using matrix perturbation theory. The proposed algorithm utilizes both beams from the previous time step and channel difference (between the previous and current time steps) to calculate the RZF beams. The tracking performance of the proposed algorithm is analyzed in terms of the mean square error (MSE) between a tracking approach and an exact recomputing approach, and in terms of the additional MSE caused by the beam tracking error at the receiver. Numerical results show that the proposed algorithm has almost the same performance as the exact recomputing approach in terms of the sum rate.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.383-388
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• 2013

Metal flow of the beam blank during H-beam rolling was examined in order to correlate the rolling defects with the beam blank configuration. For this purpose, H-beam rolling was performed on the beam blank where stainless steel bolts were inserted as the marker at the web and flange. The positional variation of the marker was monitored at each rolling pass, and the result was compared with the 3D FEM simulation employing the point tracking function. The simulation results were reasonably agreed with the experimental within the error of 0.5~1mm on both web and flange of the H-beam. It is anticipated that the 3D FEM simulation employing the point tracking function provides the guidance information on analyzing the correlation between the rolling defects and the beam blank configuration in H-beam rolling.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2003

본 논문은 이동 위성통신을 위한 능동위상배열 안테나 시스템의 주요 부품 중의 하나인 빔 성형모듈 설계에 관하여 서술한다. 본 모듈은 주 신호 및 추적신호를 위한 두 개의 모듈로 구성되어 있다. 이중, 주 신호블록은 위상배열 안테나로부터 입력된 신호전력을 추적신호 블록으로 전송하는 역할을 수행하며, 추적신호 블록은 능동위상배열 안테나 시스템의 주요 기능인 추적신호의 빔 성형과 전자적 빔 제어기능을 수행한다. 또한, 본 모듈은 위상특성 및 선형이득 등의 시스템에서 요구되는 전기적 사양을 만족하며, 해당 성능의 보다 면밀한 검증을 위하여, 제작된 빔 성형모듈을 장착한 능동위상배열 안테나 시스템을 이용하여 야외구동시험을 수행하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1067-1071
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• 2013

A 3D visual sensing method using a laser structured beam is presented for robotic tracking applications in a simple and reliable manner. A cylindrical shaped laser structured beam is proposed to measure the pose and position of the target surface. When the proposed laser beam intersects on the surface along the target trajectory, an elliptic pattern is generated. Its ellipse parameters can be induced mathematically by the geometrical relationship of the sensor coordinate and target coordinate. The depth and orientation of the target surface are directly determined by the ellipse parameters. In particular, two discontinuous points on the ellipse pattern, induced by seam trajectory, indicate mathematically the 3D direction for robotic tracking. To investigate the performance of this method, experiments with a 6 axis robot system are conducted on two different types of seam trajectories. The results show that this method is very suitable for robot seam tracking applications due to its excellence in accuracy and efficiency.

• 한국전자파학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자파학회 2002년도 종합학술발표회 논문집 Vol.12 No.1
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• pp.118-122
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• 2002

This paper is concerned with the design of the beam forming module that is a key unit of the active phased array antenna(APAA) system for mobile satellite communications. This module includes two blocks for main signal and tracking signal. Main signal block has the role of transmitting input signal from phased away antenna to tracking signal block. And, tracking signal block executes main roles, beam forming of tracking signal and electronic beam control. The several electrical performances of this module, phase characteristics and linear gain, etc., agreed with specifications needed for APAA, and for more clear verification of the performances, the satellite communication test of the APAA including the modules was accomplished in the outdoors.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2018

선량률을 조절하면서 종양을 추적하는 방법은 호흡이 불규칙한 환자를 치료할 때 방사선을 적응적으로 전달하는 효율적인 방법으로 알려져 있다. 이 연구에서는 빔 켜기/끄기 스위칭을 제공하는 모션 관리 인터페이스 (MMI, Varian Medical System, CA)를 이용한 불규칙 호흡에 대해 적응성 종양 추적을 시행 할 수 있는지 확인하였다. 폐암 환자로부터 획득한 55개의 호흡 정보를 사용하였다. 첫날 환자의 RPM 흔적을 사용하여 사전 프로그래밍 된 추적 MLC 패턴을 디자인하는데, 치료 기간 중 환자의 호흡 불규칙성의 변화를 따라 잡기 위해 기간을 의도적으로 20% 줄였다. 이 기술의 적정성 기준은 진폭 및 주기의 20 % 미만의 표준편차이다. 사전 프로그래밍 된 MLC 위치와 현재 호흡 위치를 고려하여 100 ms마다 빔 켜기 / 끄기를 결정하는 알고리즘이 개발되었다. 추적 오류 및 전달 효율성은 RPM 추적에서 빔 스위칭 적응형 추적을 시뮬레이션하여 계산되었다. 38 명의 환자(70%)의 호흡 양상이 적합 기준을 충족 시켰습니다. 기준을 충족하는 모든 사례의 추적 오류는 2 mm 미만 (평균 1.4 mm)이며 평균 전달 효능은 71 % 였다. 기준을 충족하지 못한, 나머지 경우의 추적오류와 전달 효율은 1.9 mm와 48% 였다. 본 연구를 통해, 환자 선택이 적격 기준을 기반으로 하는 경우 빔 스위칭을 통한 적응형 추적 치료가 가능한 것을 확인하였다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1136-1141
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• 2014

This paper proposes a new contact type ball tracking sensor to improve the control performance of a low cost ball-and-beam system. It is well-known that the impulsive measurement noise contained in ball position measurement is one of the factors which severely degrades the ball-and-beam control performance. The impulsive ball position measurement noises often appear under the sporadical ball floating on the beam. This fact motivates us to devise a simple analog preprocessing circuit to determine whether the ball loses the contact or not. Once the abnormal ball position measurement is detected, the design problem of the ball tracking sensor can be cast into the typical state estimation problem with missing data. In order to tackle the real-time implementation issue, a steady-state Kalman filter is applied to the problem. Through the experimental results, the usefulness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.280-294
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• 2023

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and millimeter-wave frequencies play key roles in supporting 5G wireless communication systems. They expand the field of wireless communication by increasing the data capacities of communication systems and supporting high data rates. However, short wavelengths, owing to the high millimeter-wave frequencies can cause problems, such as signal attenuation and path loss. To address these limitations, research on high directional beamforming technologies continue to garner interest. Furthermore, owing to the mobility of the UAVs, it is essential to track the beam angle accurately to obtain full beamforming gain. This study presents a beam tracking method based on the unscented Kalman filter using hybrid beamforming. The simulation results reveal that the proposed beam tracking scheme improves the overall performance in terms of the mean-squared error and spectral efficiency. In addition, by expanding analog beamforming to hybrid beamforming, the proposed algorithm can be used even in multi-user and multi-stream environments to increase data capacity, thereby increasing utilization in new-radio multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.502-508
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• 2012

Heliostat, as a concentrator to reflect the incident solar energy to the receiver, is the most important system in the tower-type solar thermal power plant since it determines the efficiency and ultimately the overall performance of solar thermal power plant. Thus, a good sun tracking ability as well as a good optical property of it are required. Heliostat sun tracking system uses usually an open loop control system. Thus the sun tracking error caused by heliostat's geometrical error, optical error and computational error cannot be compensated. Recently use of sun tracking error model to compensate the sun tracking error has been proposed, where the error model is obtained from the measured ones. This work is a development of heliostat sun tracking error measurement and compensation method using BCS (Beam Characterization System). We first developed an image processing system to measure the sun tracking error optically. Then the measured error is modeled in linear polynomial form and neural network form trained by the extended Kalman filter respectively. Finally error models are used to compensate the sun tracking error. We also developed the necessary image processing algorithms so that the heliostat optical properties such as maximum heat flux intensity, heat flux distribution and total reflected heat energy could be analyzed. Experimentally obtained data shows that the heliostat sun tracking accuracy could be dramatically improved using either linear polynomial type error model or neural network type error model. Neural network type error model is somewhat better in improving the sun tracking performance. Nevertheless, since the difference between two error models in compensation of sun tracking error is small, a linear error model is preferred in actual implementation due to its simplicity.