• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes brought by the upper body form using a three-dimensional human body measurement the gypsum method. The developed plane figure was constructed using paper replica to analyze the dimensional shape of the upper torso and to be able to design clothes suitable for elderly women's physical characteristics. The characteristics are analyzed and compared with existing patterns in order to extract the components for the pattern design. The examination was carried out based on the developed plane figures of upper body surface replicas. Type 1, the bent-forward body form, has a wide gap on the shoulder. In Type 2, the gap of waist line was wide at angulus scapulae point. Type 3 was the thin body form, and the girth of the chest, front interscye breadth and back interscye breadth were more level with one another, compared to the other types. In Type 4, the bent-backward body form, there was a wide gap on front shoulder. Comparison with the developed plane figure and existed pattern, items revealed differences in significance included the front and back interscye width between the measured values of the existed patterns and the developed plane figure. Therefore, the basic components of basic bodice pattern for old women were determined in the up-bust circumference and length of the back.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.59-67
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• 2000

Two groups of students, who are the students in the natural science course of high school in Korea, learned the equation of figure in space (point, line, plane) to understand more effectively with two different textbooks. One group was taught with the textbook used now in most high schools and the other group was taught with the textbooks systematized by associating old concept with new concept. The results are as follows : 1) We need understand the basic concept of vector plainly and flexibly to apply it to the solution of problems. 2) It helps students understand new concepts how we should establish the concept about point, line and plane in space by applying the concept about those on XY plane, 3) It is very effective in understanding the new knowledge system more easily to analyze the existent concepts and to arrange them systematically for efficient understanding of new concepts. 4) The texts which consist of contents organized by basic concepts improve students' learning ability.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.397-405
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• 2016

Specially, the character in the kids animation is the fundamental visual element, and also has the high value which is to connect to various related businesses. The main purpose of this study is the analysis for character's appearance by the basic plane figure, and it has studied on the authority of recognition capability which is to catch the simple shape rapidly and clearly rather than complex shape. For this study, I established the standard of analysis and then applied that to the characters which were selected in broadcasting domestic kids animation on EBS. Through this procedure, I analyzed character's appearance with the distribution chart. As the result, the circular and oval shapes are the most frequently used shapes for character's appearance. Finally, I expect the result of this study could be one of the design index for the character creation in practical environment.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.131-144
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• 1993

Even though it has been to research on the variance of clothing pressure and on its effect of human body, it has not been available to evaluate the clothing pressure as an objective standard ta for the determination of an extra quantity of bodice' basic pattern. In this paper the basic pattern(the close adherence original shape) is determined by a drawing of plane figure after detaching an unweaving clothing from the inside of the gypsum, and the extra quantity is figured by a extension quantity when is formatted with 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 cm extra quantity longitudinal-cross section figures. With our experimental method, review the variance of clothing pressure according to difference of the extra quantity which was figured with subjects wearing experimental clothing including the extra quantity. The difference of the extra quantity was able to calculate with data form the subjects when anatomical position and five movements, then compare with subjects wearing non-extra quantity experimental clothing. The results of experiment as the follows : 1. There is only few body portions with the significant variance according to the increasing of he extra quantity at he body portion and the sleeve portion. 2. The clothing pressure of the sleeve portion was higher than the clothing pressure of the body portion. The difference of clothing pressure according to the variance of the extra quantity at the sleeve portion is more significant than the body portion. 3. Consider several important pressure points which wil be the No. 1 at the front of body portion. No. 17, 18 at the back of body portion and No. 21 at the sleeve portion. 4. It is important to have plane figure of gypsum when format an basis pattern.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.305-322
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• 2010

The epistemological obstacles in the area learning of plane figure can be categorized into two types that is closely related to an attribute of measurement and is strongly connected with unit square. First, reasons for the obstacle related to an attribute of measurement are that 'area' is in conflict. with 'length' and the definition of 'plane figure' is not accordance with that of 'measurement'. Second, the causes of epistemological obstacles related to unit square are that unit square is not a basic unit to students and students have little understanding of the conception of the two dimensions. Thus, To overcome the obstacle related to an attribute of measurement, students must be able to distinguish between 'area' and 'length' through a variety of measurement activities. And, the definition of area needs to be redefined with the conception of measurement. Also, the textbook should make it possible to help students to induce the formula with the conception of 'array' and facilitate the application of formula in an integrated way. Meanwhile, To overcome obstacles related to unit square, authentic subject matter of real life and the various shapes of area need to be introduced in order for students to practice sufficient activities of each measure stage. Furthermore, teachers should seek for the pedagogical ways such as concrete manipulable activities to help them to grasp the continuous feature of the conception of area. Finally, it must be study on epistemological obstacles for good understanding. As present the cause and the teaching implication of epistemological obstacles through the research of epistemological obstacles, it must be solved.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.367-374
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• 2003

When analyzing forms in the human body and clothes, we conceptualize each part into a cone, sphere, and cylinder, and the esthetic characteristics of our fashion culture and esthetic fashion characteristics of Koreans are composed by expressing with universal images such as circle, square, and triangle when forms are expressed in a plane. To determine how the structural principle of shapes that are the shapes of all things and basic to geometry, i.e., circle, square, and triangle, applies to clothes that cloth our body called the small cosmos, we discussed the symbolic meaning hidden inside the structure of Korean clothes based on the basic pattern drafting method of Korean men’s traditional trousers. We drew the conclusion that Korean men's trousers composed of circles, triangles, and squares express the five elements diagram through their plane structure, are designed in circles with cones and pyramids, and are made to well express the principle of the small cosmos of our body. Moreover, when the basic pattern of Korean men’s trousers explained with the antipathy diagram is viewed to create all things while maintaining opposite and complementary relationship with Sangsang (mutually benefitting factor), it would be correct to say that the principle of the top verse the bottom is viewed as conflicting. From the structural point of view, since the philosophy of the Samsu principle (the principle of 1, 2 and 3 in which 1 represents the heaven, 2 represents the earth, and 3 represents the people) is hidden in Korean men's trousers in which Hurimalgi (the part of trousers corresponding to the waist band of Western pants) is the circle representing the heaven, Marupok is the square representing the earth, and Sapok is the triangle representing the people, we could look at deep meaning of our ancestors expressed in our clothes.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.407-421
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• 2015

This study examined the pixel's expression trend and nature featured in contemporary fashion, which works as a basic unit symbolizing the digital image, paying attention to its formativeness. The work through this process aimed at suggesting an opportunity for recognition about pixel image utilized as a formative component beyond its simple meaning of unit and providing the fundamental materials for usage in creative fashion design reflecting the digital emotion in the future, In research method, literature review was followed on pixel and the empirical study about its image was also performed that was found in the modern fashion. As a result, the trend in pixel has these characteristics. Its first nature lies in its plane expression. It was printed as mosaic or graphic grid image or expressed through patchwork technique. Also, rather than a certain form or figure, its unique image was emphasized according to the applied color, size, and position. Second, a stepwise pattern in pixel was applied to external format for part of clothing, eye glass and necktie, indicating some interest and wit. Third, in application to plane and external shape, the graphically modernized effect was realized, not to mention the illusive image with cubic expression. As shown, the characteristics in contemporary fashion via pixel expression were given in fantastic image, optical humor, and reflection of digital value.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.11-19
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• 2009

This research grasped the change of bathroom type, the present status for the residents' bathrooms, the level of satisfaction and preference for the residents' bathrooms, along with the plane of large-size apartment. This research aims to contribute to making the bathroom space to be able to satisfy the residents' desires. A total of 115 samples, acquired via internet survey, were analyzed with the statistical computer program SPSS PC+ 15.0 with the bathroom plane analysis. The results of this research are as follows. 1) As the results of the most representative plane, were divided into total 4 bathroom types, public bathrooms were $3.9-5.29m^2$ couple bathrooms were over than $3.17-8.3m^2$ in the average bathroom area, and there were two in less than $199m^2$ and even three in more than $199m^2$ in the number of bathrooms. 2) Three bathrooms were preferred by the residents who have three bathrooms now and by the younger generation though two bathrooms were preferred by most residents in the bathroom number. Most of the public bathrooms and couple bathrooms were considered to be proper in the bathroom area. 3) The preferred types were different according to each brand in the preference of the bathroom form. This means that to present a new plane figure including various bathroom forms is recommended in planning the bathroom space hereafter, that the bathroom spaces are changing. 4) In the bathroom environment, to present the technical solution through the study for the natural lighting and the sound arresting is required. This research hopes that the results of this research will be able to be used as the basic data to provide the bathroom space equipped with a pleasant environment condition to the residents.

• School Mathematics
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.237-257
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the academic achievement characteristics in terms of proficiency levels through the in-depth analysis of mathematics test items and achievement standards of the National Assessment of Educational Achievement(NAEA) from 2010 to 2012, and to provide suggestions for teaching and assessing mathematics in middle schools. The results showed that 'Advanced level' students could fully understand the concept of mathematical terms and symbols as well as various mathematical properties presented in the national curriculum. However, 'Proficient level' students tended to feel difficult to apply linear function, properties of a plane figure, and a solid figure, while 'Basic level' students seemed to have trouble solving mathematical problems in almost all areas. Thus, it is necessary to identify the mathematical misconceptions that students have and to strengthen teaching, particularly, the areas of number and operation.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.341-360
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• 2002

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of dynamic software in solving high school analytic geometry problems compared with traditional algebraic approach. Three high school students who have revealed high performance in mathematics were involved in this study. It was considered that they mastered the basic concepts of equations of plane figure and curves of secondary degree. The research questions for the study were the followings: 1) In what degree students understand relationship between geometric approach and algebraic approach in solving geometry problems? 2) What are the difficulties students encounter in the process of using the dynamic software? 3) In what degree the constructions of geometric figures help students to understand the mathematical concepts? 4) What are the effects of dynamic software in constructing analytic geometry concepts? 5) In what degree students have developed the images of algebraic concepts? According to the results of the study, it was revealed that mathematical connections between geometric approach and algebraic approach was complementary. And the students revealed more rely on the algebraic expression over geometric figures in the process of solving geometry problems. The conceptual images of algebraic expression were not developed fully, and they blamed it upon the current college entrance examination system.