• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.17-31
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• 2008

Objective: To review the theoretic basis of the Sa-Ahm 5 Element acupuncture devised about 360 years ago, papers and books were researched. Methods: Total of 59 books and papers ranging from ancient Huang Di nei jing to modern Bio Medical Acupuncture for Pain Management were researched to study the basic theory of it in relation to the 5 Shu points, Results: Gao-mu in Chinese Ming dynasty, for the 1st time, had used 5 Shu points based on creation cycle as tonification and sedation treatment respectively and named it as 'tonification and sedation treatment of self meridian' but since then, this method, without special reasons, has been rarely used until Sa-Ahm's new doctrine that include the concept of destruction cycle was asserted. Conclusions: Sa-Ahm 5 Element acupuncture is a method which uses 5 Shu points from the viewpoints of simultaneous tonification and sedation methods which are based on promotion and control cycles. Though it is nowadays mostly-used method in accordance with practitioner's points, it needs to be set guidelines by which to effectively practice Sa-Ahm acupuncture.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

Ptdlns(4,5)$P_2$ is a key cellular phosphoinositide that localizes in separate and distinctive pools in subcellular membrane and vesicular compartments. In membranes, Ptdlns(4,5)$P_2$ acts as a precursor to second messengers and is itself a main signaling and targeting molecule. Specific subcellular localization of type I PIP kinases directed by interacting with specific targeting module differentiates Ptdlns(4,5)$P_2$ production in a spatial and temporal manner. Several lines of evidences support the idea that Ptdlns(4,5)$P_2$ is generated in very specific pools in a spatial and temporal manner or by feeding Ptdlns(4,5)$P_2$ directly to effectors. In this concept, the interaction of PIPKI isoforms with a specific targeting module to allow precise subcellular targeting modulates highly specific Ptdlns(4,5)$P_2$ synthesis and channeling overall effectors. For instance, localization of PIPKI${\gamma}$661 to focal adhesions by an interaction with talin results in spatial and temporal production of Ptdlns(4,5)$P_2$, which regulates EGF-stimulated directional cell migration. In addition, Type $I{\gamma}$ PIPK is targeted to E-cadherin in cell adherence junction and plays a role in controlling dynamics of cell adherence junction and endocytosis of E-cadherin. Characterizing how PIP kinase isoforms are regulated by interactions with their targeting modules, as well as the mechanisms by which their product, Ptdlns(4,5)$P_2$, exerts its effects on cellular signaling processes, is crucial to understand the harmonized control of numerous cellular signaling pathways. Thus, in this review the roles of the Ptdlns(4)P(5) kinases and Ptdlns(4,5)$P_2$ were described and critically reviewed in terms of regulation of the E-cadherin trafficking, cell migration, and formation of cell adherence junction which is indispensable and is tightly controlled in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition process.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

In Chinese philosophy, the concept of Yin and Yang, in the era of the Early China, applies to many more philosophical categories than merely the relationship between the sunny side and the shady side of the sun. A whole series of possible interactions between the Yin and Yang in life is contained in the Chinese Book of Changes, the I Ching. The philosophical theory and the origin of natural sciences of the I Ching is imbued in the Nei Ching. having absorbed and developed the essence of Book of Changes, the Nei Ching reflects the spirit of science. Under the influence of Book of Changes, as well as its idea of Yin and Yang, peculiar at the time, the Nei Ching adapts the essences of the theory of Yin and Yang. The contribution made by the Nei Ching to the development of the philosophical concepts of Yin and Yang lies in that it combines those philosophical concepts with medicine and makes this the basic theory of Chinese medicine. In the Nei Ching, the Yin and Yang theory asserts that the human body is an organic whole, and there exists an organic connection between all tissues and structures. Therefore, the Yin and Yang functions as an essential life that plays a major role of the organic interrelation, the mutual control, and the mutual assistance. Yet, at the same time, each of them can be divided into the opposite aspects of yin and yang. Yin and yang depend on each other for existence. Without yin, there would be no yang, Without yang, there would be no yin. Neither can exist in isolation. Thus the interrelation of Yin and Yang is premised on the two opposite forces and aspects as the underlying cause of all change of Yin and Yang.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.184-193
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• 2003

PL has been developed centering around England and America. Recently many countries are introducing PL system changing the world a single economic bloc based on the rapid development of Technology and Economy. This paper is studied with related literatures and theses, organizational consulting cases within the framework of the firm as the central operating bodies of PL system. In the past, Some papers about System Integration which was operated as a same Certificate System and enacted in a single organization, was studied and presented. But most of papers was a theoretical study related model and conception. In this situation Government supports PSMS of a single system at government expense to 100­200 companies for improving organizational confrontation ability of PL this year. This paper proposed a design and effect of Integration system model based on the analysis of ISO 9001：2000, KS, PSMS and ISO 14001. The integrated system has the following three distinctions. Firstly, KS is a national establishment, national leading certification and forcing standard. Secondly, ISO 9001：2000 and ISO 14001 are an international organization's establishment, non­official certification and optional standard. Finally, PSMS isn't a national law and forcing matter. And it isn't the concept of certification but the operational system by itself. Also if a lawsuit by defect is happened, it is very dangerous. This paper, which is integrated by four management systems and has many consulting cases, is the first in this department and is different from others. Also If people has the basic knowledge about management system, they can directly connect it to the organizational system according to this paper's guidance. It is very good result in this study because the law of PL is executed now.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.287-294
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• 2011

Peer assessment is an educational valuation system that involves studying with a colleague and granting value to the progress made by the colleague. Although this method has many merits, there is also a drawback pertaining to calculating the mean of the scores that were granted to the levels of contribution. However, this has been improved upon by a diversified study. However, the concept of the chi-square test and p-value used in the preceding study is not easy individuals engaged in the industrial engineering field or education when using peer assessment. This study uses simple statistics like standard deviation, in addition to, investigating the availability of a suggested method as well as examples of utility and application. This study can contribute to increase the convenience of users through the use of convenience analysis and with this method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.205-215
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• 2017

This study presents an example of conceptual design for hollow circular section multi-column tower system subjected to 10MW level wind load by introducing a method based on member utilization that examine both structural stability and economical efficiency. The basic assumptions for the proto type of a multi-column tower that can replace a single-cylinder tower were suggested and structural models were constructed following the assumptions and analyzed for identifying member forces. Based on the calculated member strengths and acting loads, the member utilization of the proposed multi-column tower structures were calculated for axial force, shear, bending and torsion and evaluaed for suitability as a wind tower. Design parameters such as steel tube dimensions, slenderness ratio, and number of floors for braces was proposed in the acceptable range of member utilization for conceptual design of multi-column wind towers.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.23-53
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• 2006

Brands are important in the consumer market. They are the interface between consumers and the company. And consumers may develop loyalty to brands. Also, the late development of industrial marketing explains the near absence of research on brand equity in business to business. With recent change, Industrial companies have shifted from a production focus to a customer focus. Industrial brand is fast developing. The basic purpose of this study is to investigate industrial brand trust and loyalty affecting the result of business relationship between industrial buyers and suppliers. Factors hypothesized to influence trust in a brand include a number of brand characteristics, company characteristics and consumer-brand characteristics. This research presented a comprehensive constructive model consisting of components of industrial brand trust and loyalty, and then propose the research model base on prior researches and studies about relationships among components of industrial brand loyalty Data were gathered from respondents who work in industrial buying center. For this study, Data were analyzed by AMOS 4.0. The results of this research analysis were as fallow. Industrial brand trust and loyalty were positively related with a number of industrial brand characteristics, supplier characteristics and buyer-brand characteristics, relationship commitment. This research newly proposed the concept of industrial brand trust and loyalty affecting the result of business relationship between industrial buyers and suppliers.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.181-187
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• 2009

After introduction of the earthquake resistant design code, it is required to achieve seismic performance of existing bridges as well as earthquake resistant design of new bridges. The achievement of seismic performance for existing bridges should satisfy the no collapse requirement based on the basic concept of earthquake resistant design, therefore, various methods with different strengthening scale should be suggested according to bridge types and importance categories. At present for typical bridges, most studied and applied strengthening methods are bearing change, pier strengthening and shear key installation for improvement of seismic performance. In this study a typical existing bridge, for which earthquake resistant design is not considered, is selected as an analysis bridge. Design changes are carried out to satisfy the no collapse requirement by way of the ductile failure mechanism and seismic performances are checked. It is shown that the seismic performance of existing bridges can be achieved by way of redesign of bridge system, e.g. determination of pier design section for substructure and change of bearing function for connections between super/sub-structure.

• Clean Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2011

This study presents a fabrication method of cell-chip using aqueous solution based surface modification. The applications of cell-chip have potential for fundamental study of genetics, cell biology as well as cancer diagnostics and treatment. Conventional methods for fabrication of cell-chip have been limited in economic loss and environmental pollution because of the use of harsh organic solvent, complex process of silicon technology, and expensive equipment. In order to fabricate cell chip, we have proposed simple and eco-friendly process combined polyelectrolyte multilayer coating with microcontact printing. For the proof of concept, the cell chip can be applied to analyze the different expression of cell surface glycans and derivatives between cancer and normal cells. Our proposed method is useful technique for the application of novel cancer diagnostics and basic medical engineering.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.24.4-24.4
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• 2011

Frozen orbit concept is very useful in designing particular mission orbits including the Sun-synchronous and minimum altitude variation orbits. In this work, variety of frozen and Sun-synchronous orbit conditions around the Moon is investigated and analyzed. The first two zonal harmonics of the Moon, J2 and J3, are considered to determine mean orbital elements to be a frozen orbit. To check the long-term behavior of a frozen orbit, formerly developed YonSei Precise Lunar Orbit Propagator (YSPLOP) is used. First, frozen orbit solutions without conditions to be the Sun-synchronous orbit is investigated. Various mean semi-major axes having between ranges from 1,788 km to 1,938 km with inclinations from 30 deg to 150 deg are considered. It is found that a polar orbit (90 deg of inclination) having 100 km of altitude requires the orbital eccentricity of about 0.01975 for a frozen orbit. Also, mean apolune and perilune altitudes for this case is about 136.301 km and 63.694 km, respectively. Second, frozen orbit solutions with additional condition to be the Sun-synchronous orbit is investigated. It is discovered that orbital inclinations are increased from 138.223 deg to 171.553 deg when mean altitude ranged from 50 km to 200 km. For the most usual mission altitude at the Moon (100 km), the Sun-synchronous orbit condition is satisfied with the eccentricity of 0.01124 and 145.235 deg of inclination. For this case, mean apolune and perilune altitudes are found to be about 120.677 km and 79.323 km, respectively. The results analyzed in this work could be useful to design a preliminary mapping orbit as well as to estimate basic on-board payloads' system requirements, for a future Korea's lunar orbiter mission. Other detailed perturbative effects should be considered in the further study, to analyze more accurate frozen orbit conditions at the Moon.