• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.3 s.90
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• pp.191-197
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• 1999

The phylogenetic position of Gliocladium and its related taxa were investigated, using the neighbor-joining method of the sequences from internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S ribosomal DNA (rDNA). It was focused especially on the generic concept by comparing with the related genera such as Trichoderma, Hypocrea, Verticillium, Penicillium and Talaromyces. Gliocladium species and its related genus were divided into three groups by the phylogenetic analysis using the neighbor-joining method. The first group includes Penicillium-like strains such as Penicillium, Tararomyces, Verticillium and one species of Gliocladium (G. cibotii JCM 9203 and JCM 9206). Especially, Gliocladium cibotii JCM 9203 is thought to be the similar species with Verticillium bulbillosum JCM 9214. Between these two species, Gliocladium cibotii and Verticillium bulbillosum, the intraspecies concept needs to examined with culture condition. and morphological properties. The second group includes two species Verticillium, Verticillium tricorpus and Verticillium albo-atrum which extracted from the GenBank database in NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information). Trichoderma-like strains, such as Trichoderma, Hypocrea and several species of Gliocladium are included in the third group. Also, Gliocladium penicillioides IFO 5869 and Gliocladium catenulatum ATCC 10523 formed the subgroup of Trichoderma-like strains. The species of Gliocladium were dispersed in Trichoderma-like and Penicillinum-like group, and only one species of Gliocladium cihotii used in our study was located in Penicillium-like genus group. The species of Verticillium appeared in all three groups and the species of Trichoderma formed the monophylogeny with Hypocrea (telemorph). Also, Gliocladium virens was grouped with Trichoderma harzianum with a high bootstrap value, supporting that Gliocladium virens is to be placed in Trichoderma. The results suggest that Gliocladium is polyphyletic, and is more Trichoderma-like than Penicillium-like.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

In this paper, the aerodynamic design process of wind turbine blades is established. The optimization design strategy is presented and the constraints that must be reviewed during the aerodynamic design process are summarized. Based on this, this study developed a BEMT-based aerodynamic optimal design program that can be applied easily to actual work, not only for research purposes, but also can be integrated from the initial concept design stage to the final 3D shape detail design stage. The developed program AeroDA consisted of a concept design module, basic design module, optimal TSR module, local shape optimization module, performance analysis module, design verification module, and 3D shape generation module. Using the developed program, an improved design of the 5MW blade by NREL was made, and it was confirmed that this program could be used for design optimization. In addition, a 10kW blade aerodynamic design and turbine detailed performance analysis were carried out, and it was verified by a comparison with the commercial program DNVGL Bladed.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.6 no.12
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• pp.549-564
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• 2017

Not only services that are provided by a single system have been various with the development of the Internet of Things and autonomous software but also new services that are not possible before are provided through collaboration between systems. The collaboration between autonomous systems is similar to the ecosystem configuration in terms of biological viewpoints. Thus, it is called the IT Ecosystem, and this concept has arisen newly in recent years. The IT Ecosystem refers to a concept that achieves a mission of each of a number of heterogeneous systems rather than a single system utilizing their own autonomy as well as achieving the objectives of the overall system simultaneously in order to meet a single common goal. In our previous study, we proposed architecture of elementary level and as well as basic several meta-models to implement the IT Ecosystem. This paper proposes comprehensive reference architecture framework to implement the IT Ecosystem by cleansing the previous study. Among them, a utility function based on cost-benefit model is proposed to solve the dynamic re-configuration problem of system components. Furthermore, a measure of using genetic algorithm is proposed as a solution to reduce the dynamic re-configuration overhead that is increased exponentially according to the expansion of the number of entities of components in the IT Ecosystem. Finally, the utilization of the proposed orchestration framework is verified quantitatively through probable case studies on IT Ecosystem for unmanned forestry management.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.412-425
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• 2008

One of the important elements for improving academic achievement of learners in education through e-learning is to support learners to study by finding questions they want with providing various evaluation questions. However, most of question retrieval systems usually depend on keyword search based on only a syntactical analysis and/or a hierarchical browsing system classified by the topics of subjects. In such a system it is not easy to find integrative questions associated with each other. In order to improve this problem, in this paper we proposed a question management and retrieval system which allows users to easily manage questions and also to effectively find questions for study on the Web. Then, we implemented a system that gives to access questions for the domain of C language programming. The system makes it possible to easily search questions related to not only a single theme but also questions integrated by interrelationship between topics and questions. This is done by supporting to be able to retrieve questions according to conceptual interrelationships between questions from user query. Consequently, it is expected that the proposed system will provide learners to understand the basic theories and the concepts of the subjects as well as to improve the ability of comprehensive knowledge utilization and problem-solving.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.856-865
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• 2010

Many efforts to develop the domestic fashion industry have continued under the influence of a rapidly changing fashion industry environment. The fashion industry has emerged as a future growth industry leading lifestyle and as a core industry for the culture biz. Since the 2000's the markets that combined party and fashion wear as a new cultural trend has grown and an in-depth study of design development for party wear is required. This study presents basic materials for design development for the future domestic woman character casual brand prior to the design development by analyzing design characteristics of domestic female character casual brands. In the research methods, nine brands were selected based on the discussion of ten fashion specialists and then the brand concept, target, configuration of items, price, and design characteristics were analyzed. The following conclusions were drawn from this study. First, each brand concentrated the main focus on establishing a clear and unique brand identity that meets the needs of consumers to enhance competitiveness in the woman's dress market. To enhance competitiveness, many character casual brands targeting women aged 20's and 30's (including BEART) held party wear goods exhibitions as the market for party wear has increased significantly. Second, according to study results of the selected nine brand designs, it was found that the style characteristic of each brand varies depending on concept. However, all nine brand designs developed various styles such as feminine and cute style making use of laces, ruffles, A line silhouette, colorful motifs, and a stylish style that used layers with various materials along with unique decorations based on romantic emotions. Third, seven hundred and thirty eight pictures of nine brands were analyzed by items without identifying brands. According to the result of the analysis, the percentage of items used by brands was as follows: a one-piece dress was 34.5%, jacket 25.7%, skirt and pants 15.5%, blouse and shirt 13.6%, and tops 10.6%. The result showed that one-piece dresses accounted for the highest percentage. Frill accounted for 16.6%, the highest percentage followed by ribbons at 16% in regards to detail and trimming.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.511-521
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• 2007

It is very important that design based on preference of consumers who continuously change. Therefore, the method that can decide on the design concept which a consumer can prefer in future points of time that a design is released is necessary. There may be various ways to decide a design concept, but trend analysis is one of the best ways to be able to satisfy consumer preference. The purpose of this study is to provide a process that can give a direction of MP3 player design oriented consumer emotion. For the purpose, we considered about trend analysis as the ways that can present the design direction that can grasp a change of continuous preference, and a consumer can prefer with early bases in future points of time of a consumer. In this empirical research, we decided on design elements and levels of the elements after collecting 228 MP3 players released from 2000 to 2007, and carried out trend analysis through homogeneity analysis by SPSS program. In the result, we knew that future consumers also will regard emotional experience consumption as important. So, MP3 player design will be developed into consumer emotion-oriented design. We predict 4 trends for a future MP3 player design. 1. Development of high-priced MP3 player with various multimedia functions. 2. Development of MP3 player with basic functions. 3. Development of new convergence products with MP3 function. 4. Development of new MP3 player based on flash memory. If designers can infer a future MP3 player design from this design trend results, the probability that can occupy competitive advantage in their competitions will be high. Therefore this study can be useful.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.648-659
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• 2000

Through this study I would like to examine the meaning system of the symbolized codes related with real costume figures of the abstract concept of the style of the mourning ceremonial dress in Chosun Dynasty as a variable cause of communication through non-language method by the structural analysis of coding of the ceremonial dress style and the meaning system of the codes centering on the traditional book of funeral etiquette dealing with hueneral cereony in the period. To achieve this purpose, I have used the symbolic theory of constructive concept by F. de Saussure, cultural notation theory of Roland Barthes & Umberto Eco, and structural style of costumes by Myung-Sook Han. The result of the study is as follows. 1. As Chosun Dynasty was a society in which people considered courtesy so much important and practiced the basic Confucian ideas of the three bonds and five moral disciplines in human relations, the characteristic of funeral rites in Chosun Dynasty consists in expression of the thoughts of moral ethics & relative systems and systems of clan rules, etc which was a langue determining the symbols of mourning ceremony dress because the mourning ceremony dress in the period should have the feature of a langue. The mourning ceremonial dresses in the period had five grades of the consume and the grades were determined to be classified into five levels according to the clan system of the chief mourner with sang, ha bang. And the method of the association of the mourning ceremonial dress codes had the six principles of Chinchin, Jonjon, Myoungboon, Chulip, Changyu, and Jongbok. 2. Regarding the mourning ceremonial costumes in Korean society, the meaning of funeral ceremony was expressed by the signifier and materials of the mourning costumes in the society. During the process of the funeral, the intangible feeling of condolence was the expression of mourning and the tangible mourning ceremonial dress was the signal with the lamentation meaning. Especially, characters and patterns were removed from the mourning ceremonial dresses in spite of their function of symbols and the styles of costumes were emphasized. Especially the meaning of condolences was symbolized by attachment of some small pieces of cloth on the upper garments. Hemp was mainly emphasized to be the material of the costumes and some different meanings showed according to the quality of the material hemp. The mourning ceremonial dresses were distinguished from ordinary dresses, which were emphasized because they gad some symbolic meaning of the mourning. 3. Considering the association of the synthetic relations of the costumes from the viewpoint that the mourning ceremonial dresses would be classified according to a system, the symbolization of them were avaliable by sex according to how to combine them and there were no distinction between social classes in the society.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.184-232
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• 2000

The trend of the concept for modern medicine is gradually forwarding to preventive medicine from therapeutic medical science. One of the most remarkable characteristics of oriental medicine is that it attaches greater importance to preventive medicine scientifically. The basic theory of oriental medicine principally takes roots in Huang Di Nei Jing and it is Si Qi Tian Shen Da Lun that is deep-rooted in the principle of "growing life" grounded in theory of unity of heaven and man of oriental medicine. Therefore having translated annotation of 〈Si Qi Tian Shen Da Lun·Huang Di Nei Jing Su Wen〉 which is quoted frequently and using it for appendix and comparing each views of annotators, I would like to state the results of dissertation as below. 1. Si Qi Tian Shen of title of the paper means that it keeps our health and prevent diseases in advance to control our mind and rhythm of life to the change of Yin and Yang - that is, the grower Yin, the looser Yang - following four seasons of nature environment. 2. The summary of this dissertation is that spring means things newly sprout from old ones, things become profuse, beautiful and brilliant in the summer. Autumn stands for things is harvested and allocated evenly and finally things is closed and stored. That is, in the spring and summer. If one break this principle of growth, diseases are followed after this. Therefore an excellent physician should handle diseases before they are attacked not remedy them after outbreak of diseases. It is said that a sage governs the nation before it is put into confusion. 3. These four terms standing for each season describe definitely and realistically rural life in the agricultural environment, in other words, spouting in spring, growing in summer, harvesting in autumn, storing in winter. Going with the current of the times, they have developed to theoretical concept of getting, growth, harvest, store so that implied the principle of growth for four seasons. 4. It means in a concrete way "Yang would grow in the spring and summer and Yin would grow in autumn and winter" as follow. That is, when the day is long, things act energetically and emit the warmth of life and expand the vigor of growth. On the other hand, when the night is long, things lessen their activity to protect the warmth of life and to preserve the sprit of growth. In addition, we should be concerned about the work outward and try to concretely fulfill plan of business in spring and summer. It is in autumn and winter when we should grow Yin. It does not mean that we simply grow cold yin in our body to build Yin. But according to annotators, for example, Wang Bing stated that we need to make things be cool in spring and summer, and be warm in autumn and winter for improvement. Zhang Jie Bin noted that things should not be cold in spring and summer and not be too hot to improve in autumn and winter. Those principles theorized to unify physiological status into the principle of changing of Yang and Yin in the nature and enriched the contents. In these principles, no problems are not found logically somewhat.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.152-164
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• 2020

The purpose of this research is to derive a checklist for the site evaluation of Slow City, and through the excellent cases of Slow City, carry out field investigation to understand the construction characteristics of Slow City in the concept of locality. The subjects of this research are five cases of slow cities in South Korea certified by Citta Slow. Through literature review, combining with the construction characteristics of locality and the evaluation elements of Slow City certification, the checklist of Slow City locality evaluation has been obtained, and the field visit evaluation has been carried out. The change characteristics and construction characteristics are evaluated by the cases. The results are as follows.Through case analysis, it is found that the site-based construction features of Slow City are as follows: Through the introduction of the basic concept of Slow City to create the relevant place environment, and build the overall site of Slow City based on it.The location of Slow City was evaluated as historical·cultural assets>environmental assets>physical assets>living resources, emotional·symbolic assets>social assets.In addition, the level of environmental assets, historical·cultural assets is higher, but the level of living resources, social assets and emotional·symbolic assets is lower. This means that it is necessary to carry out community activities for local residents or use projects to improve regional pride and so on.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.37
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• pp.329-360
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• 2008

In Korea, the major of international trade and business introduced in the 1960s to supply trade expert to trading companies, and the heyday of the trade major was in the 1980s. However the trade major fell into decay from the middle of 1990s. The purpose of trade education in university is to supply high qualified employees to societies and companies. The problem is that companies have difficuties for recruiting of trade expert, on the other hand university graduates have few job oppertunies. It has some discrepancies between education and field. The object of this paper is to propose a direction of modification of the trade and international business curriculum for global trade expert. We research international trade and business departments' curriculums of GTEP universities. GTEP stands for global trade expert incubating program started from 2006 which have charge of MOCIE and KITA. First, in the title of department, a lot of former researchers have taken up the position to return "Trade" or "International Trade". We think more important fact is not the title of department but the curriculum, so we insist on a harmony between the department title and curriculums. The focus of modification of curriculum is to educate global trade expert, so we need to know about global business environment and companies' needs also. Second, We propose the directions for modification of curriculum are "convergence" and "specialty". Trade major is a mixed study in nature and trade major try to treat lots of subjects such as trade, business adminstration, economics, international law, international commerce, logistics and marketing etc to catch up changing global business circumstanses and companies' needs. So convergence of adjacent field is very important in study and training. Specialty means selection and concentration strategy for global trade expert. It is difficult to learn every knowledge and skills for employer's needs in 4 years and 140 credits. A students who has studied basic subject in trade, management, economics can choose 1 or 2 specailty subject such as trade and e-commerce, global marketing, logistics and transportation, commerce and policy, servive trade, foreign language and cross culture etc. In concusion, the concept of convergence and specialty is not separation but harmony each other, so we propose to promote two concept together for modification of the trade and international business curriculum for training of global trade expert.