• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.322-328
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• 2006

A series of methanol extracts from leaf and root parts in spring- and winter-barley plants were assayed to determine their allelopathy and antioxidant activity. The methanol extracts applied on filter paper in a Petri-dish significantly inhibited root growth of Chinese milkvetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) seedlings. Leaf extracts at 25 and 50 g $L^{-1}$ inhibited root growth of Chinese milkvetch seedlings more than root extracts. No difference in phytotoxic effects of spring- and winter-barley seedlings extracts on root growth of Chinese milkvetch was observed. Methanol extracts dose-dependently increased DPPH free radical scavenging activity in vitro. DPPH free radical scavenging activity was higher in the methanol extracts from winter-barley seedlings than in those from spring-barley seedlings, and from leaf extracts than from root extracts. The antioxidant potential of the individual fraction from the methanol extracts of spring-barley seedlings was in order of n-butanol>ethyl acetate>water>chloroform>n-hexane fraction. By means of HPLC analysis, spring-barley (200.62 mg $100g^{-1}$) had more amount of total phenol acid than winter-barley (114.08 mg $100g^{-1}$). Especially, ferulic acid was detected in spring-barley extract (183.46 mg $100g^{-1}$) as the greatest amount. These results suggest that early seedlings of barley plants had potent allelopathy and antioxidant activity, and their activities were differently exhibited depending on plant parts and growing condition.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.57-77
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• 2003

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the depigmentation effects of Barley, Unpolished rice, Job's-tear. Metbods: We investigated that the extracts of Barley, Unpolished rice, Job's-tear inhibit activity of tyrosinase, the enzyme which convert ts 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) alanine to dopachrom in the biosynthetic process of melanin, the UV absorbance of the extracts in the UV-A region and UV-B region was measured by UV scanning, the effect of extracts on cell viability and melanin production in cultured B16 mouse melanoma cells were measured, and cytoprotective effects of extracts on PC12 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide measured by MTT assay. Results: The extracts of Barley, Unpolished rice, Job's-tear inhibited activity of tyrosinase in low density. The Barley, Job's-tear extracts not only showed inhibitory effects on melanin production in cultured B16 mouse melanoma cells, but also exhibited cytoprotective effects on PC12 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide in low density. Unpolished rice extract showed inhibitory effect on melanin production in cultured B16 mouse melanoma cells, but did not showed cytoprotective effect Barley, Unpolished rice, Job's-tear extracts did not showed an absorbance effect in the UV-A region and UV-8 region. Conclusions: These results suggest that Barley, Unpolished rice, Job's-tear inhibit melanin biosynthesis which is involved in hyperpigmentation and could be used as a whitening agent.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2010

Specialty barley extracts were prepared and investigated for its antioxidant activity and biological activity. Hunter $L^*$ values of the Iksan 86 extracts had higher than that of the Iksan 87 and Zasoojeongchal extracts. The extraction yields of Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal was 8.08, 6.62, and 7.30%, respectively. The contents of total phenolic compounds of the Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal extracts were 16.24, 15.51, and 13.95 GAE mg/g of sample, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal extracts were 50.00, 33.27, and 7.56% at a 500 ppm, respectively. The samples showed an inhibition of xanthin oxidase. ACE inhibition effect of specialty barley extracts, Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal, was 39.81, 41.06, and 27.78%, respectively. Tyrosinase inhibition rates (%) of Iksan 86, Iksan 87, and Zasoojeongchal extracts were 26.21, 24.57, and 20.00%, respectively. Results indicated that specialty barley extracts possesses various biological activities including antioxidative capacity, xanthin oxidase inhibition activity, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity, and tyrosinase inhibition activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.486-491
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• 2019

Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of ethanol extracts from barley sprouts were evaluated in this study. Barley sprouts were extracted using water and ethanol in various concentration (25, 50, and 75%) using reflux extraction methods. Ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) analysis showed that barley sprouts are mainly composed of rutin, gallic acid, ferulic acid, and ${\rho}$-coumaric acid. The 75% ethanol extracts had higher total polyphenol contents ($44.01{\pm}1.32mg/g$) and total flavonoid contents ($102.96{\pm}2.49mg/g$). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity ($EC_{50}$ value: $1.65{\pm}0.02mg/mL$) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt radical scavenging activity ($EC_{50}$ value: $1.67{\pm}0.02mg/mL$) of the 75% ethanol extracts of barley sprouts were found to be the most effective. The 75% ethanol extracts of barley sprouts exhibited a strong reducing activity and ferric reducing antioxidant activity. As a result, the 75% ethanol extracts of barley sprouts showed stronger antioxidant activity than other extracts.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 1991

In order to study the extraction mechanism of barley tea, some factors affecting extraction and physical properties of roasted barley and extract were examined. The main results of this study are as follows : 1. The roasted barley particles used as the raw materials were amorphous. Under the extraction condition used the average swelling ratio of the particles and imbibed volume were 1. 3g and 1.65ml/g respectively. The maximum soluble solid content in the roasted barley was 67.07%. 2. The concentrations of the barley extracts were determined by measuring their optical densitis at 420nm and the relationship between the concentration(C) and optical density(O. D.) was expressed as : C=6, 178XO. D. As shown in the following relationship, the viscosities(u: Ns/m2) of barley extracts were Influenced by concentration(C : kg/m3) and temperature(T : C). $\mu$=5.6731$\times$$10^{-4}e^{2.7}^{\times10^{{-3}\times{C}}$$\mu$=3.577$\times$$10^{-3}e^{{-3.02}\times{10^{-2}\times{T}}$

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.332-337
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• 1994

The antioxidant activity of solvent extracts isolated from barley leaves was investigated by measuring peroxide value. The fractions of methanol extract obtained from preparative TLC was also studies, with UV-Visible spectrum, total phenol contents and hydrogen donating ability(HDA) The antioxidant activity of various solvent extracts was, in decreasing order, methanol> ethyl ether> methylene chloride $\geq$ ethyl acetate $\geq$acetone> hexane. The antioxidant activity of the fractions of methanol extract was, in decreasing order, fraction 2> fraction 3> fraction 1 and their activity was all superior to that of tocopherol at 500 ppm level. All fraction(1, 2 and 3) exhibited a strong UV absorption at 280 m which would be specifically produced by phenolic compound. UV absorption at 280 m of fraction 2 was greater than those of fraction 1 and 3. In the visible spectrum of these fractions, the maximum .absorption wavelengths of fraction 1, 2 and 3 were 660, 460 and 460 m, respectively. Antioxidant activity of barley leaves seemed to be due to the flavonoids containing phenolic group by UV spectrum and total phenol content.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.748-752
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• 1990

This paper was investigated to elucidate the nitrite-scavenging ability of roasted-barley extracts. Roasted-barley extracts exhibited nitrite-scavenging ability. The nitrite-scavenging ability of roasted-barley extracts showed pH-dependent, and did the highest at pH 1.2 and the lowest at pH 6.0. The roasting temperature and time of barley examined influenced the nitrite-scavenging ability of roasted-barley extracts. The water soluble fraction obtained from barley roasted at $230^{\circ}C$ for 90 min showed higher the nitrite-scavenging effect than the others. Ethanol soluble fraction which is further fractionated from water soluble fraction was most effective in nitrite-scavenging.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.157-165
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• 1986

The onset of photophosphorylation at the various stages of greening showed different patterns with varying concentrations of Pi. With further greening, ATP formation occurred at the lower concentration of Pi (48 hrs; 0.05 mM). At early stages of greening, more Pi was required for photophosphorylation (6 hrs; 5.0 mM). The addition of cell-free extracts of etiolated barley seedlings resulted in the competitive inhibition of photophophorylation. The apparent inhibition by cell-free extracts were gradually decreased during greening of etiolated barley seedlings. We found that the inhibitors of photophosphorylation in cell-free extracts were some organic phosphates and most of them was P-choline. P-choline inhibited photophosphorylation competitively with Pi and its content was decreased considerably in greening. It is likely that P-choline partly delay the photophorylation in early stages of greening.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.423-429
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• 2021

Barley's nutritional value as a health food is increasing due to its excellent nutritional functionality. In this study, the levels of β-glucan, total polyphenols, and total flavonoids were analyzed in the ethanol extracts of different barley cultivars (Hinchalssal, Heuksoojeongchal, Betaone, Ganghochung, and Saechalssal). Also, the free radical scavenging abilities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzo-thiaxoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) were measured to determine their antioxidant activity. The results confirmed that Betaone extract contained highly activefunctional components and exhibitedantioxidant activity. Next, we evaluated the hepatoprotective and inhibitory effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by barley ethanol extracts after inducing oxidative stress with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) in HepG2 cells. Hinchalssal and Saechalssal extracts showed the most significant cytoprotective effect and also reduced ROS production significantly. These results suggest that Hinchalssal, Saechalssal, and Betaone represent potential natural antioxidant and hepatoprotective agents.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.103-105
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• 2007

Mechanical transmission of barley seedlings with barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) is generally inefficient and is the major constraint for testing cultivar resistance to the virus. To explore mechanical transmission, BaYMV-infected barley plants were grown at different conditions and used as inoculum sources to seedlings of susceptible barley cultivar Baegdong. Extracts prepared from BaYMV-infected Baegdong plants at 47, 53, 74, and 90 days after symptom appearance (DASA) and grown at 10 and $12^{\circ}C$ gave 10, 30, 68 and 76% infection, respectively on inoculated susceptible barley cv. Baegdong seedlings. While Jinyangbori, another susceptible cultivar obtained 95% infection rate inoculated with extracts from 90 DASA disease source and grown at $10/12^{\circ}C$. However, low infection rates were obtained when the virus sources were grown in a greenhouse at $15-18^{\circ}C$. Our results indicate that longer incubation period and lower temperature are required for virus accumulation and stability.