• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.11-24
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• 2008

The Korea Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system was introduced in 1977 through the Environmental Conservation Act. It has progressed through many laws and regulations promoting the balance between development and conservation, and functioning as a Preventitive environmental policy. Despite the efforts to minimize environmental damage from development and to uplift social awareness of environmental preservation, deficient impartiality and objectivity in completing and investigating environmental assessments, there have continously existed conflicts among related stakeholder, neglecting arrangements and ineffectiveness of public participation. This research present EIA obstacles and analyzes the overall status of the EIA through surveys from related experts. On the basis of this research, the actual complications regarding the developer, public participation, examiner and consultant are brought about. Also, remedies are proposed to ensure effective EIAs and restore confidence in them.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.157-167
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• 2003

Falls are a leading cause of injury, disability and death among people older than 65. Even without injury, falls cause a loss of confidence that results in reduced physical activity, increased dependency and social withdrawal. Fall prevention in the eldery people is a multifaced task that includes both the identification of risk factors and their modification strategies. Fall risk factors have been identified as both intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic factors are those related to the physical and cognitive function of the person. Extrinsic factors are those which are included in the environmental hazards of everyday life. Combinations of interventions aimed at modifying both intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors can result in significant fall prevention in the geriatric population. This article selectively reviews the literature reporting exercise intervention to improve strength, balance and mobility.

• 아동학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.227-248
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• 2002

The purpose of this study aimed at establishing the validity and reliability regarding the instrument of assessing child psychological well-being. The child psychological well-being rating scale contained 3 dimensions (sense of competency, sense of relation, sense of improvement) 8 variables (sense of control, sense of achievement, sense of confidence, sense of acceptance, sense of intimacy, sense of balance, sense of morale, sense of hope) and 4 rating scale of 80 items. After the scale development, the estimates of reliability for the scale were high. Cornbach ${\alpha}$ was .962 and generalizability was .875. And concurrent validity, criteria related validity, and discriminant validity appeared to be evident sufficiently to the validity of child psychological well-being instrument. The significance of the present study was intended to apply scale validity procedure by using generalizability.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2003

In the deterministic optimization of a structural system, objective function, design constraints and design variables, are treated in a nonstatistical fashion. However, such deterministic engineering optimization tends to promote the structural system with lest reliability redundancy than obtained with conventional design procedures using the factor of safety. Consequently, deterministic optimized structures will usually have higher failure probabilities than unoptimized structures. Therefore, a balance must be developed between the satisfactions of the design requirements and the objectives of reducing manufacturing cost. This paper proposes the reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) technique, which enables the optimum design that considers confidence level for the vibration characteristics of structural system. Response surface method (RSM) is utilized to approximate the performance functions describing the system characteristics in the RBDO procedure. The proposed optimization technique is applied to the pillar section design considering natural frequencies of a vehicle structure.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.204-208
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• 1999

태안지역 빗물의 화학적 특성을 알아보기 위하여 '98년 영농기(5월${\sim}$10월) 동안 태안지역에 내린 빗물의 화학적 성분조성과 분석결과의 신뢰성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다.각 분석시료에 대한 이온균형과 전기전도도 수지를 조사한 결과, 고농도 시료를 제외하고는 분석의 신뢰성이 인정되었다. 빗물의 pH별 분포는 pH $4.5{\sim}5.0$ 및 $5.0{\sim}5.6$ 범위에서 각각 43%와 38%이었으며, 강우량별 빗물의 이온함량과 pH 변화는 초기강우(1mm 이하)가 그 이후의 강우에 비해 높았다. 빗물의 조성은 $SO_4\;^{2-}$와 $NO_3\;^-$가 음이온의 80% 이상 그리고 양이온은 $NH_4\;^+$와 $Ca^{2+}$가 60% 이상을 차지하고 있었다. 월별 빗물의 pH는 강우량이 많았던 8월에 4.3으로 가장 낮았고 조사지역 강우중 비해염 sulfate는 총 sulfate 함량의 약 97%이었다. 빗물의 $nss-SO_4\;^{2-}/NO_3\;^-$비는 평균 2.4로 비해염 $SO_4^{2-}$의 강우 산성도에 대한 기여율이 $NO_3\;^-$보다 2.4배 높았다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.555-566
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• 1999

The rainwater samples were collected from the 1100 Site of Mt. Halla and Cheju city during the period of March in 1997 to August in 1998, and the major soluble ions were analyzed. The confidence of analytical data was confirmed by using the comparison methods such as ino-balance, electric conductivity and acid fraction, all of which correlation coefficients were above 0.94. The ionic strengths lower than $10^{-4}$ M, the basis for the pure rainwater, were found in 47% and 38% at 1100 Site and Cheju city, respectively. The precipitations in Cheju city were more influenced by the oceanic effect than those in 1100 Site. The acidity contribution was mainly by $SO_4^{2-}$ and $NO_3^-$ in both areas, and the organic acids have contributed to the acidity with only 5~7%. The neutralization factors by $NH_3$ were about 46% at both 1100 site and Cheju city, whereas those by $CaCO_3$ were 11% and 15% at 1100 site and Cheju city respectively, and the free acidity were both about 35% in average. From the MSA analysis, it was found that the air in Cheju island has been influenced by the pollution from the other areas. The sources of the rainwater components in 1100 Site and Cheju city were also studied with a factor analyzing way, and the most probable factors were found to be anthropotgenic, oceanic, and soil-sourced. The results of multiple regression analysis have shown that $SO_4^{2-}$ was dissolved mostly in the form of $H_2SO_4, CaSO_4 and (NH_4)_2SO_4$, and $NO_3^-$ was in the form of $HNO_3, Ca(NO_3)_2 and NH_4NO_3$.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2019

Objectives : This study aimed to systematically and comprehensively review controlled clinical trials on the effectiveness and safety of Chuna Manual Therapy for stroke. Methods : By October 7, 2019, three core databases and three domestic databases were searched. Seven major academic journals on the related field were also hand-searched. Methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Meta-analysis was conducted and the quality of its evidence was assessed using the GRADE methodology. Results : Five articles met the eligibility criteria. The results of most of included studies were in favor of Chuna Manual Therapy. No study described any adverse events during or after the clinical trials. Meta-analysis of three eligible studies showed that the pre- and post-treatment scores on the Modified Barthel Index (mean difference 8.00, 95% confidence interval 0.26 to 15.74) and Berg Balance Scale (mean difference 3.57, 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 6.51) of the Chuna-treated group were significantly different, but only marginally higher than those of the non-treatment group. Thus, the level of evidence gathered from these studies was assessed to be low. Conclusions : Based on current available evidence, any confirmative conclusions cannot be made on the effectiveness and safety of Chuna Manual Therapy for stroke because of the small sample size, low methodological quality, presence of statistical heterogeneity, and missing safety information. More rigorously designed large-scale multi-center studies are needed to establish more specific and credible evidence to support or oppose the use of Chuna Manual Therapy for stroke.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.293-301
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of freezing of gait and visual information on the static postural control ability in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) during the bipedal stance with feet together. Method: This study included a total of 36 patients with PD; the freezer group included 17 PD patients (age: $69.3{\pm}6.2yrs$, height: $159.6{\pm}9.0cm$, weight: $63.4{\pm}9.78kg$) and the nonfreezer group included 19 PD patients (age: $71.4{\pm}5.6yrs$, height: $155.8{\pm}7.1cm$, weight: $57.7{\pm}8.6kg$). Static postural control ability was analyzed using variables of center of pressure (COP) and dividing by mediolateral, anteroposterior, and integration factors during a bipedal stance with the eyes open and closed. Results: Freezers and nonfreezers showed increases in anteroposterior velocity, mediolateral velocity, averaged velocity, and mediolateral 95% edge frequency when visual information was blocked. Additionally, freezers had greater anteroposterior range, 95% confidence ellipse area, and COP anteroposterior mean position than nonfreezers. Conclusion: Freezers and nonfreezers showed a reduction in static postural control ability when visual information was blocked. Additionally, the results of this study found a significant difference in static postural control ability between freezers and nonfreezers with PD. In particular, anteroposterior range, 95% confidence ellipse area, and COP anteroposterior mean position might be used to distinguish between freezers and nonfreezers with PD.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.296-304
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• 2015

Purpose: The balance between miscanthus production and its cost effectiveness depends greatly on its moisture content during post processing. The objective of this research was to measure the moisture content using a non-destructive and non-contact methodology for in situ applications. Methods: The moisture content of comminuted miscanthus was controlled using a closed chamber, a humidifier, a precision weigher, and a real-time monitoring software developed in this research. A CMOS sensor equipped with $50{\times}$ magnifier lens was used to capture magnified images of the conditioned materials with moisture content level from 5 to 30%. The hypothesis is that when light is incident on the comminuted particles in an inclined manner, higher moisture content results in light being reflected with a higher intensity. Results: A linear regression analysis for an initiative hypothesis based on general histogram analysis yielded insufficient correlations with low significance level (<0.31) for the determination coefficient. A significant relationship (94% confidence level) was determined at level 108 in a reverse accumulative histogram proposed based on a revised hypothesis. A linear regression model with the value at level 108 in the reverse accumulative histogram for a magnified image as the independent variable and the moisture content of comminuted miscanthus as the dependent variable was proposed as the estimation model. The calibrated linear regression model with a slope of 92.054 and an offset of 32.752 yielded 0.94 for the determination coefficient (RMSE = 0.2%). The validation test showed a significant relationship at the 74% confidence level with RMSE 6.4% (n = 36). Conclusions: To compensate the inconsistent significance between calibration and validation, an estimation model robust against various systematic interferences is necessary. The economic efficiency of miscanthus, which is a promising energy resource, can be improved by the real-time measurement of its crucial material properties.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.171-179
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of obesity, blood composition and physical ability in obese children on body weight control program. Methods : The body weight control program included exercise, nutrition education and auricular acupuncture was performed 4 times a week during 12 weeks. 32 obese children whose body fat ratio were over 30% participated in this study. Measuring materials were body composition(weight, muscle mass, fat mass, fat ratio, BMI), physical measurement(height, waist circumference, chest circumference, hip circumference), physical ability(grip strength, sit-ups, sitting trunk flexion, sit-down stand-up test, standing long jump, opened eyes foot balance, side step), blood composition(WBC, Hb, ESR, Total Cholesterol, TG, GOT, GPT, BUN, Creatinine, Glucose) and survey(changes of eating habits, changes of living habits, knowledge of obesity, self-confidence, self-esteem). Results : From the results, positive changes were made in BMI, height, waist circumferences, chest circumferences, hip circumferences, sit-ups, sitting trunk flexion, sit-down stand-up test, standing long jump, opened eyes foot balance, side step, Hb, ESR, GOT, GPT and changes of eating habits through the body weight control program. Conclusions : This results suggest that body weight control program including exercise, nutrition education and auricular acupuncture may be effective for helping obese children.