• Title/Summary/Keyword: Bakery

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Analysis of Biurea Decomposed from Azodicarbonamide in Food Products by High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS를 이용한 식품 중 아조디카르본아미드 분해산물인 Biurea 함량 분석)

  • Lim, Ho-Soo;Pahn, Kyeong-Nyeo;Kim, Jun-Hyun;Jang, Gui-Hyeon;Moon, Gui-Im;Yang, Hyo-Jin;Park, Sung-Kwan;Park, Hae-Kyong;Kim, So-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.377-382
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to establish a method to analyze biurea decomposed from azodicarbonamide in processed foods such as wheat flour and bread. New method was developed using high performance liquid chromatography mass/mass spectrometry to determine biurea in wheat flour and bakery products. The recovery rate was 94.3-112.5%. The limit of detection for biurea was 0.003 mg/kg, and the limit of quantification was 0.01 mg/kg. The monitoring results for biurea content using established methods showed that biurea was detected at 2.76 mg/kg in the azodicarbonamide-detected flour (detection rate, 2%). The detection rate in processed foods such as baked goods was 27% (16/59). The detection range was 0.19-18.01 mg/kg (average, 3.79 mg/kg). However, it was thought that the detection level was safe due to much lower values than the standard (45 mg/kg). As a result, the newly established biurea analytical method will contribute to the management of azodicarbonamide in processed foods such as wheat flour and bakery products.

Screening for Components to Inhibit N-Nitrosodimethylamine Formation from Tomato (토마토로부터 N-nitrosodimethylamine 생성을 억제시키는 유효성분의 검색)

  • Choi, Sun-Young;Lee, In-Sook;Lee, Soo-Jung;Shon, Mi-Yae;Shin, Jung-Hye;Seo, Jong-Kwon;Kang, Min-Jung;Sung, Nak-Ju
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.794-798
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    • 2006
  • A tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Naomi F1) juice was separated into ascorbate and phenolic portions using a Sep-pak $C_{18}$ cartridge, and its each portion was tested for inhibition of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation. Ascorbate and phenolic portions of tomato juice inhibited NDMA formation by $81.37{\pm}0.25%$ and $72.03{\pm}0.25%$, respectively. The phenolic portion was further fractionated by prep-HPLC and inhibitory effects of NDMA formation by 4 fractions $(1{\sim}4)$ from tomato juice was tested under the different pH conditions (pH 1.2 and 4.2). Fraction 2 inhibited NDMA formation by $50.10{\pm}0.46%$ (pH 1.2) and $64.30{\pm}0.20%$ (pH 4.2), respectively. Fraction 2 was further separated into 4 subfractions $(2a{\sim}2d)$. Subfraction 2b especially inhibited NDMA formation by $70.62{\pm}0.45%$ (pH 1.2) and $75.30{\pm}0.45%$ (pH 4.2). This subfraction was confirmed o-coumaric acid through the analysis of GC-Mass spectrum, $^1H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$.

Studies on the Processing of Yeast Extract by Waste Brewery Yeast (맥주효모박을 이용한 효모추출물의 제조에 관한 연구)

  • 최형택;이성갑;손종연
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.161-166
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    • 2001
  • The optimum condition for production of yeast extract by autolysis and enzymatic method were studied with waste brewers\` yeast. The major components of brewer\`s yeast in proximate compositions were carbohydrate(46.0%) and protein(41.7%). There was a little appreciable difference in the promaximate composition of waste brewers\` and bakery yeast. The major minerals were identified as K, P, Mg and Ca, and their contents were about 1,659.7%, 1,197.4mg%, 210.4mg% and 105.6mg%, respectively. The major vitamins were identified as vitamin C and vitamin B group, and their contents were about 7.9IU/100g and 4.2IU/100g, respectively. The optimum yeast concentration in the reaction suspension was 10% (w/v) waste brewer\`s yeast slurry. The protein content in brewer\`s yeast extract was increased with addition of NaCl as plasmolyzers. However, the plasmolyzer effect of ethanol a little showed as the concentration increasd from 3% ∼7%. The 5\`-nucleotides(5\`-GMP and 5\`-IMP) content in brewer\`s yeast extract was increased with addition of glucanase. The total content of 5\`-nucleotides (5\`-GMP and 5\`-IMP) increased by 160% than those by the autolysis of waste brewer\`s and bakery yeast.

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Analysis of Azodicarbonamide in Food Products by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC를 이용한 식품 중 아조디카르본아미드 분석)

  • Lim, Ho-Soo;Bahn, Kyeong-Nyeo;Kim, Jun-Hyun;Jang, Gui-Hyeon;Moon, Gui-Im;Park, Sung-Kwan;Yang, Hyo-Jin;Park, Hae-Kyong;Kim, So-Hee
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.100-105
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    • 2010
  • This study was conducted to establish a method to analyze azodicarbonamide (ADA) in wheat flour. A new method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed for the determination of ADA in wheat flour. The recovery rate was 91.93~97.54%. The limit of detection for ADA was 0.02 mg/kg and the limit of quantification was 0.05 mg/kg. The monitoring results for ADA contents using the established methods showed that it was detected as the low value of 0.95 mg/kg in one of 51 flour samples (detection rate : 2%), but not detected in 59 bakery samples. The detected ADA level was suitable to its usage standard, compared to the standard (45 mg/kg). Although the detection rate was very low, the established analytical method of ADA will contribute to the management of ADA in processed foods such as wheat flour and bakery.

Effect of Garlic on Lipids of Low Salted Anchovy during Fermentation (마늘의 첨가가 저염 멸치젓의 숙성 중 지질성분에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwon, O-Chen;Shin, Jung-Hye;Sung, Nak-Ju
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.34 no.3
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    • pp.420-426
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    • 2005
  • In this study, anchovy were prepared with two different salt concentration of 20% and 10% which added 2, 5, 8 and 10% of grind garlic (LAS 1, 2, 3, 4) and garlic juice (LSB 1, 2, 3, 4), respectively. The experimental samples were fermented during 30, 60, 90, 110 days, which were analyzed pH, peroxide value, TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) and fatty acid. pH increased as fermentation-period goes by. 110th day of fermentation, pH was neutralized at pH 6.2-6.7. Peroxide value in the 10% salt added groups reach the highest point at 60 days fermentation, and then decreased during its fermentation. TBARS increased until 90 days fermentation and then decreased remarkably in all groups. At 90 days fermentation, TBARS contents were 13.0 and 14.4 MA (㎎/㎏) in 10% grind garlic added group (LSA4) and 10% garlic juice added group (LSB4), respectively. The major composition of fatty acids were 16:0, 18:1, 16:1,20:5, 20:6 and 14:0, in order. These fatty acids were 80% of total fatty acids. The fatty acid composition ratio was little increased and decreased during fermentation period, and polyunsaturated fatty acid decreased a little at 110 days.

Development of White Bread Using Fermented Wild Grape Sourdough (머루를 이용한 Sourdough 식빵 개발)

  • Bing, Dong-Joo;Kim, Won-Tae;Chun, Soon-Sil
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.43 no.12
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    • pp.1896-1905
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to manufacture white bread by substituting bakery yeast with natural starter. The general composition of wild grape, was 81.22% moisture, 0.81% ash, 0.74% crude fat, 1.58% crude protein, and 15.65% carbohydrate contents. Fermented wild grape extract was made by culturing for 4 days at $25^{\circ}C$. Flour was added three times to fermented wild grape extract and incubated for 36 hours at $20^{\circ}C$ to manufacture sourdough. We investigated the quality characteristics of white bread with different amounts of fermented wild grape sourdough. The pH of dough decreased with increasing amounts of sourdough, whereas total titratable acidity of dough significantly increased. Fermentation power of dough expansion significantly increased with increasing incubation time, and control showed the highest value of 126.67%. White bread specific volume was highest in, 50% sourdough at 4.76 mL/g. Water content increased with increasing amounts of sourdough, whereas water activity was not significantly different between the samples. For texture, hardness of 50% sourdough was lowest at 19.23 g. In the sensory evaluation, color, flavor, softness and overall acceptability decreased with increasing amounts of sourdough. As a result, 50% sourdough can be considered as a baker's yeast substitute for making natural fermented bread.

Effect of High Pressure Processing on the Shelf Life of Seasoned Squid (초고압 가공이 조미오징어의 저장성에 미치는 영향)

  • Gou, Jing-Yu;Zou, Yun-Yun;Choi, Geun-Pyo;Park, Young-Beom;Ahn, Ju-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.40 no.8
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    • pp.1136-1140
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    • 2011
  • This study was designed to evaluate the potential of using high pressure processing (HPP) for extending shelf life of seasoned squid during refrigerated storage. The vacuum-packed seasoned squid samples were subjected to 400 MPa for 20 min using a custom-made high pressure processor. Microbial counts, dimethylamine (DMA), trimethylamine (TMA), total biogenic amine, autolytic activity were determined on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 of refrigerated storage. The numbers of indigenous bacteria were effectively reduced by 2.77 log CFU/g after HPP treatment. The amounts of DMA and TMA produced in the control samples increased up to 15.99 and 42.82 mg/g after 7 days of refrigerated storage when compared to 5.27 and 10.21 mg/g the HPP-treated samples, respectively. The autolytic activity of the HPP-treated sample (4.32 nkat/g) significantly lower than that of the control (7.13 nkat/g) after 7 days of refrigerated storage. Therefore, HPP can be applied as a potential squid processing method microbiological safety and shelf life.

Antioxidant and Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity of Water Extracts From Abalone Containing Medicinal Plants (전복과 천연 식물류 복합물의 항산화 및 알코올대사 효소 활성)

  • Shin, Jung-Hye;Lee, Soo-Jung;Choi, Duk-Ju;Kang, Min-Jung;Sung, Nak-Ju
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.182-187
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    • 2008
  • This study was performed to evaluate the possible production of a functional beverage derived from abalone and with several plants (AP). Five types of AP composites were prepared having different medicinal plant compositions (AP- I : abalone, garlic, jujube, Chinese matrimony fruit, dried orange peel, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP- II: abalone, garlic, black bean, Chinese matrimony fruit, cornus fruit, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP-III : abalone, jujube, arrow root, milk vetch, dried orange peel, licorice root, zinger, honey; AP-N: abalone, black bean, arrow root, milk vetch, cornus fruit, liquorice root, zinger, honey; AP-V : abalone, garlic, Chinese matrimony fruit, milk vetch, licorice root, zinger, honey). In vitro analysis were performed to examine the antioxidant contents and alcohol dehydrogenase activities of the composites. AP- II had the highest total phenol contents ($28.55{\pm}1.56\;mg/l00\;g$), and AP- V the highest level of flavonoids ($47.61{\pm}1.58\;mg/l00\;g$). At $78.89{\pm}0.16%$, AP- V displayed the strongest electron donating ability followed by AP-II($57.99{\pm}0.21%$) and API ($37.66{\pm}0.20%$). Reducing power was also significantly higher in AP- V. The Hydroxyl radical scavenging and SOD-like activities of all composites were less than 15% and 20%, respectively. At 12.5% alcohol concentration, ADH activity ranged from $114.47{\pm}2.18{\sim}121.39{\pm}4.36%$ and ALDH activity ranged from $100.04{\pm}2.90{\sim}129.54{\pm}4.80%$; AP- I , AP- II, and AP- Vin 12.5% of alcoholic concentration. The composites of AP- I , AP- II, and AP- V, all containing garlic and Chinese matrimony fruit, were significantly stronger than AP-III and AP-N. Finally, also at 12.5% alcoholic concentration, the ALDH activity of AP- V was higher than its ADH activity.

Improvement of Immune Activities of Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor. by Serial Solvent Fractionization (홍경천의 면역활성이 증진된 용매별 분획 추출물)

  • Ha, Ji-Hye;Kim, Cheol-Hee;Jeong, Hyang-Suk;Jin, Ling;Oh, Sung-Ho;Kim, Seung-Seop;Jeong, Myoung-Hoon;Ma, Choong-Je;Nam, Jong-Hyun;Hwang, Baik;Choi, Geun-Pyo;Park, Uk-Yeon;Lee, Hyeon-Yong
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.210-216
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    • 2009
  • This study was performed to compare the effects of immuno-modulating activities of Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor. fractionized by consecutive solvent separation. The Cytotoxicity of all fractionized extracts on human kidney cell (HEK293) was lower than crude extracts. Generally, the butanol and chloroform extracts showed less cytotoxicity on about 10.07% and 9.67% than the crude extracts. For human immune B and T cell growth, chloroform fraction showed the highest cell growth compared to the control. The secretion of cytokines (IL-6, $TNF-\alpha$) on human B and T cells were increased by adding chloroform extracts. Also, NK cell growth was significantly improved up to nearly 30% by adding the supernatant of B cell medium grown with the chloroform fraction. It was also found that chloroform fraction could yield higher nitric oxide production from macrophage than untreated control cells. Differentiation of HL-60 cells was increased up to 131.9% after treatment with chloroform fraction extracts, compared to the control. These results indicate that the chloroform fraction of R. sachalinensis have high immune activation activity than others fractions and the crude extracts, implying that this chloroform fractions could be used a new functional material.

Volatile Flavor Constituents of the Low-Salt Fermented Ascidian (저염 우렁쉥이 젓갈의 휘발성성분)

  • Hwang, Seok-Min;Kim, Yeong-A;Ju, Jong-Chan;Lee, So-Jeong;Choi, Jong-Duck;Oh, Kwang-Soo
    • Journal of agriculture & life science
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.141-150
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    • 2011
  • In order to elucidate a flavor characteristics of the low-salt fermented ascidian (LFA), a volatile flavor constituents were extracted and analyzed by SDE apparatus and GC/MS. Salinity, pH and volatile basic nitrogen of the LFA were 8.0%, 5.17 and 23.0 mg/100 g, respectively. Total content of volatile flavor compounds identified from the LFA was $1,221.42{\mu}g/100g$ as cyclohexanol (internal standard), it were composed of 23 alcohols ($644.85{\mu}g/100g$) such as 1-octanol and 2-pentanol, 16 acids ($293.91{\mu}g/100g$) such as 2-hydroxy-propanoic acid and butanoic acid, 15 aldehydes ($153.61{\mu}g/100g$) such as trans-2-hexanal and benzaldehyde, 29 hydrocarbons ($97.65{\mu}g/100g$) such as 1,4-dimehyl-cyclooctane and 1-nonene, six aromatic compounds ($6.20{\mu}g/100g$), two esters ($2.07{\mu}g/100g$), two nitrogen-containing compounds ($19.09{\mu}g/100g$) and three micellaneous compounds ($4.04{\mu}g/100g$).