• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.30-35
• /
• 2017

Background: Tapered grafts, which have a smaller diameter on the arterial side, have been increasingly used for arteriovenous fistula (AVF) formation. We compared the outcomes of 4-6-mm tapered and 6-mm straight forearm loop arteriovenous grafts. Methods: A total of 103 patients receiving forearm loop arteriovenous grafts between March 2005 and March 2015 were retrospectively analyzed and separated into 2 groups (group A, 4- to 6-mm tapered grafts, n=78; group B, 6-mm straight grafts, n=25). In each group, complications and patency rates after surgery were assessed. Results: Clinical characteristics and laboratory results, except for cerebrovascular disease history (group A, 7.7%; group B, 28.0%; p=0.014), were similar between the groups. No significant differences were found for individual complications. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed no significant differences in 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year patency rates between groups (61.8%, 44.9%, and 38.5% vs. 62.7%, 41.1%, and 35.3%, respectively). Conclusion: We found no significant differences in complication and patency rates between the tapered and straight graft groups. If there are no differences in complication and patency between the two graft types, tapered grafts may be a valuable option for AVF formation in light of their other advantages.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.273-279
• /
• 2020

BACKGROUND: After transplanting, the recent abnormal low temperature caused physiological disorders of pepper seedlings. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of UV-A LED, a physical elicitor, on the chilling tolerance of pepper seedlings. METHODS AND RESULTS: Seedlings were continuously irradiated with 370 and 385 nm UV-A LEDs with 30 W·m^-2 for 6 d. After that, seedlings were exposed to 4℃ for 6 h and then recovered under the normal growing condition for 2 d. There were no significant differences in growth characteristics of UV-A treatments compared to the control. Fv/Fm values of two UV-A treatments were below 0.8. Electrolyte leakage in the control was increased by chilling stress, while 385 nm UV-A had the significantly lowest value. Total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of two UV-A treatments significantly increased due to UV-A radiation. However, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the control increased due to chilling stress and tended to decrease again during the recovery time. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that UV-A light was effective to induce the chilling tolerance of pepper seedling, and the supplemental radiation of 385 nm UV-A LED before transplanting could be used as a cultivation technique to produce high quality pepper seedlings.

• 대한세포병리학회지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.32-37
• /
• 2006

The objective of this study was to evaluate the cytomorphologic features of histologically confirmed clear cell carcinoma of the ovary and to evaluate the applicability of scrape or fine-needle aspiration cytology in making an intraoperative diagnosis. We reviewed scrape or fine-needle aspiration cytology findings in tissues taken from 6 patients with clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. The cytologic diagnosis was based primarily on findings in alcohol-fixed, hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) stained smears. The formation of material resembling a basement membrane was a characteristic finding in these smears. This extracellular hyaline material was stained light pink with H-E and was frequently found within tumor cell clusters as well as in the background material. Multinucleated giant cells were found occasionally. Each tumor cell had an abundant, clear, or granular cytoplasm with a distinct cellular membrane. Scrape cytology is a simple and rapid supportive method and could be helpful in diagnosing clear cell carcinoma of the ovary, especially when marked artifacts appear in the frozen section.

• 패션비즈니스
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.78-96
• /
• 2016

This study investigated the colors of the costumes and backgrounds of characters in the fantasy film, Alice in Wonderland(2010) by Tim Burton. The methods used were literature studies including related books, articles and internet materials, and positive research with DVD color analysis. Twenty-one scenes were selected by the researcher. Five scenes were selected from novel and film components representing, exposition, complication, crisis, climax, and denouement. After controlled pixel by photoshop program and the represented colors, hues and tones were analyzed. The results were as follows; First, in four characters, Alice's dress colors changed depend on the situation and the passage offered from blue to red, metal light, and blue green. The Mad Hatter's colors were orange with green which signified madness and passion. The Red Queen's red dress and blue make up represented countrified and evil. The White Queen's all white dress and hair, black eyes and vivid red meant purity and nobility. Similar characters' colors were limited. Second, the background colors, especially tones were an important component of the fantasy image. These were different for each type of scene in the film such as exposition, complication, crisis, climax, and denouement.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제34권10호
• /
• pp.2937-2941
• /
• 2013

Fluorescence imaging is considered as one of the most powerful techniques for monitoring biomolecule activities in living systems. Near-infrared (NIR) light is advantageous for minimum photodamage, deep tissue penetration, and minimum background autofluorescence interference. Herein, we have developed a new NIR fluorescent dye, namely, RB-1, based on the Rhodamine B scaffold. RB-1 exhibits excellent photophysical properties including large absorption extinction coefficients, high fluorescence quantum yields, and high photostability. In particular, RB-1 displays both absorption and emission in the NIR region of the "biological window" (650-900 nm) for imaging in biological samples. RB-1 shows absorption maximum at 614 nm (500-725 nm) and emission maximum at 712 nm (650-825 nm) in ethanol, which is superior to those of traditional rhodamine B in the selected spectral region. Furthermore, applications of RB-1 for fluorescence imaging in living cells and small animals were investigated using confocal fluorescence microscopy and in vivo imaging system with a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR = 10.1).

• 한국분무공학회지
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.137-143
• /
• 2016

The LPG vehicles are being operated by commercial purposes generally such as taxis. Most of taxis have a long-mileage and a harsh driving pattern. These properties may accelerate aging of the three-way catalysts much faster than the passenger vehicles. Because of this background, it was analyzed the test result of fuel efficiency and emissions on the LPG-fueled light duty vehicle. It was selected for a LPG vehicle of ULEV level to measure the fuel efficiency and emissions of the aged three-way catalysts. And the aged three-way catalysts which was driven about 300,000km and 550,000km replaced on the test vehicle in consecutive order. As a result, The aged three-way catalysts generally had no effect on fuel efficiency result, and harmful exhaust emissions had been shown to increase in most of the test mode, even though it satisfied the regulation value on most test modes.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제24권1호
• /
• pp.70-74
• /
• 2003

The heterogeneous bioluminescence immunoassay for digoxin was developed using photoprotein, native aequorin as a label and the site-directed immobilization technique based on avidin/biotin interaction. Aequorin is a bioluminescence protein, originally isolated from the jellyfish Aequoria Victoria and an attractive label in analytical applications because of sensitive detection due to virtually no background bioluminescent signal. Digoxin is a cardioactive drug, and its therapeutic level in serum is at low concentration with very narrow therapeutic index. The aequorin-digoxigenin conjugates were synthesized by the N-hydroxysuccinimide ester method and characterized in terms of bioluminescent residual activity. The resulting dose-response curve shows that the detection limit is $1.0\;{\times}\;10^{-10}\;M$ and a dynamic range is three orders of magnitude, which was obtained by $1.0\;{times}\;10^{-10}\;M$ conjugate and 0.9 μg/mL anti-digoxin antibody. Three structurally similar molecules to digoxin were examined for their cross-reactivity. None of these three compounds showed any crossreactivity with digoxin antibody employed in this study. Standard amounts of digoxin corresponding to the therapeutic range were spiked into the each serum solution. Study of the serum matrix effect indicated that correlation coefficient shows good agreement between luminescence light intensity between in buffer and in serum.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제10권6호
• /
• pp.55-66
• /
• 2010

The government is enacted "Housing Performance Grading Indication System" from qualitative housing supply policy and performance of housing under the background of looking for new plan to secure good housing stock and housing performance. This system consists of 5 main performance section, 14 performance categories and 20 detailed performance items. 5 main performance parts are sound insulation related grading(Light-weight impact sound insulation, heavy-weight floor impact sound insulation, noise emission in bathroom, airborne sound insulation for wall between units), Long-life housing related grading(flexibility, remodeling & maintenance, durability), environment related grading(landscape, indoor air quality and ventilation, energy performance), Living environment related grading(common resident facilities such as playground and consideration for the socially underprivileged such as the aged), Fire fire prevention grading(fire fire prevention). The purpose of this research is to analyze characteristics and assessment results of 20 detailed performance items on "Housing Performance Grading Indication System" which was enforced 240 cases from Jan 9th, 2006 to Sep 30th, 2010. The analysis of approval condition of detailed performance items will be important comments for understanding the current domestic level and development of technology.

• 한국통신학회논문지
• /
• 제25권7A호
• /
• pp.1050-1056
• /
• 2000

본 논문에서는 디지털 카메라를 통해 얻어진 자동차 영상으로부터 이산코사인변환 (Discrete Cosin Transform : DCT) 과 코렐레이션(Correlation)를 이용한 자동차번호판 영역추출방법을 제안한다. 번호판은 문자와 문자의 배경으로 이루어져 있고 번호판 영역이 직사각현으로 되어있다는 특징을 이용하여 자동차영상을 DCT처리하여 수직, 수평성분만을 추출한 후 이 수직, 수평 성분을 가지는 영상에서 코릴레이션(Correlation)을 이용하여 번호판영역을 추출한다. 추출된 번호판영역은 투영 히스토그램(Histogram)에 의해서 번호판영역내에 있는 문자들을 분리한다. 기존의 방법과 비교하여 날씨가 흐리거나 너무 밝거나 밤에 찍은 영상들에 대해서도 우수한 번호판영상을 추출할 수 있었다.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
• /
• 제15B권6호
• /
• pp.527-532
• /
• 2008

본 논문은 그림자의 기하학 정보와 광원의 종류 및 방위에 관계없이 그림자 밝기가 점진적으로 변하거나 변화가 없다는 가정과 그림자는 어둡다는 공리를 기반으로 임의의 복잡한 자연 영상에서 그림자를 검출하는 기법을 제안한다. 먼저, 전처리를 통하여 그림자 후보영상을 검출한다. 다음으로, 인접화소들 사이의 선형독립성을 낮추기 위하여 유사 밝기를 대표 밝기로 표현하는 균일 양자화를 수행한다. 마지막으로, 그림자 밝기의 선형적 변화 특성을 이용하여 선형독립성이 낮은 그림자를 검출한다. 임의의 단일 자연영상의 실험에서, 제안한 알고리즘은 본영과 단색 배경을 갖는 반영 및 셀프그림자의 검출에 강건함을 보였다.