• 지질공학
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.393-402
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 점오염원 형태의 유류누출이 발생되었던 실트질 토양층에서 BTEX와 TPH 성분의 오염특성이 연구되었다. TPH 성분의 토양오염기준별 초과율은 BTEX 성분에 비해 $1.5{\sim}1.7$ 배정도 높았다. BTEX와 TPH 성분의 채취지점별 평균과 최대값은 B-zone>A-zone>C-zone의 순이며, 두 성분 모두 지표면하 $1{\sim}2m$구간에서 오염농도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 오염원에서 수리경사 하부 방향으로 120m와 80m 이내인 지역에서는 BTEX와 TPH 농도가 이격거리에 따라 증가하였으며, 120 m 이상 이격된 지역에서는 토양오염기순 이하인 것으로 나타났다. BTEX와 TPH 성분에 대한 지시크리깅의 제한값으로는 토양오염 확인기준, 우려기준 및 대책기준 값이 적용되었다. 지시변환된 자료의 베리오그램 분석에 의하면, BTEX와 TPH성분 모두 선형모델이 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 선형모델을 적용한 BTEX와 TPH 성분의 확률도에서 토양오염 확인기준과 우려기준의 오염 범위는 유사하게 나타났으나, 대책기준의 오염 범위는 매우 축소되었다. 토양오염 확인기준, 우려기준 및 대책기준에 의해 작성된 확률도에서 BTEX와 TPH 성분의 최대 오염 확률은 BTEX성분이 26%, 26% 및 13%, TPH 성분은 44%, 38% 및 26%인 것으로 추정되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2005

Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) contamination in groundwater often coexists with benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) near the source of the plume. Then, groundwater contamination problems have been developed in areas where the chemical is used. Common sources of water contamination by BTEX and MTBE include leaking underground gasoline storage tanks and leaks and spills from above ground fuel storage tanks, etc. In oil-contaminated environments, anaerobic biodegradation of BTEX and MTBE depended on the concentration and distribution of terminal electron acceptor. In this study, effect of electron acceptor on the anaerobic biodegradation for BTEX and MTBE-contaminated soil was investigated. This study showed the anaerobic biodegradation of BTEX and MTBE in two different soils by using nitrate reduction, ferric iron reduction and sulfate reduction. The soil samples from the two fields were enriched for 65 days by providing BTEX and MTBE as a sole carbon source and nitrate, sulfate or iron as a terminal electron acceptor. This study clearly shows that degradation rate of BTEX and MTBE with electron acceptors is higher than that without electron acceptors. Degradation rate of Ethylbenzene and Xylene is higher than that of Benxene, Toluene, and MTBE. In case of Benzene, Ethylbenzene, and MTBE, nitrate has more activation. In case of Toluene and Xylene, sulfate has more activation.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2017

The significance of maintaining the soil environment is gradually increasing owing to soil and underground water contamination by petroleum leak accidents. However, the purification of soil is an expensive and more time-consuming process than the purification of contaminated water and air. Moreover, determining the source and people responsible for soil pollution gets often embroiled in legal conflicts, further delaying the cleanup process of the contaminate site. Generally, TPH (total petroleum hydrocarbon) pattern analysis is used to determine the petroleum species and polluter responsible for soil contamination. However, this process has limited application for petroleum products with a similar TPH pattern. In this study, we analyze the TPH pattern and specific sectional ratio (${\sim}C_{10}$, $C_{10}-C_{12}$, $C_{12}-C_{36}$, and $C_{36}{\sim}$) of various domestic petroleum products to identify the petroleum product responsible for soil contamination. Also, we perform BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene) quantitative analysis and determine B:T:E:X ratio using GC-MS. The results show that gasoline grade 1 and 2 have a similar TPH pattern but different BTEX values and ratios. This means that BTEX analysis can be used as a new method to purify soil pollution. This complementary TPH and BTEX method proposed in this study can be used to identify the petroleum species and polluters present in the contaminated soil.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.481-489
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• 2013

There are U.S. troops with a force about 290,000 strong stationed all around the world, approximately 150 countries. Among the troops, USFK has performed principal part with its stationing for 50 years against the military threat of North Korea. However, as a result of an investigation made into environmental contamination of several bases which were restituted from US to ROK by the Land Partnership Plan in the process of relocation of USFK, it was found that the area was contaminated by not only TPH and BTEX caused by diesel fuel and JP-8 but also various heavy metal over the standard level according to the operations of corps. Among these bases, 4 corps, each of which has different duties and function, were chosen to be analyzed for the characteristics and degrees of soil contamination. Fisrt of all, in armored camp the soil was contaminated by TPH and heavy metal (Zn, Ni, Pb) due to the repairing activities of tracked vehicles and shooting exercises. In army aviation camp, the soil was contaminated by TPH, BTEX and heavy metal (Zn, Cd) due to repairing activities of aircrafts. Also, in engineer camp there was contaminated area polluted by TPH and heavy metal (Zn, Pb) caused by open-air storage of various construction materials and TPH, BTEX and heavy metal (Zn, Pb, Cu) contamination of aircraft shooting area in shooting range camp were detected. Managing environment will be more effective when we identify the contaminative characteristics and take necessary measures in advance.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.45-53
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• 1999

본 연구는 1997년부터 1998년까지 서울시 관할구역 안의 토양오염 실태를 파악하기 위하여 설치한 측정망 90개 지점에서 토양 시료를 채취하여 분석하였다. 이 연구는 토양측정망 내의 BTEX농도를 Purge & Trap방법으로 측정, 분석하였다. 결과로서는 서울시내의 90개 지점 모두 BTEX가 검출되었다. BTEX의 1998년 최소, 최대 평균농도는 각각 0.047mg/kg, 2.618mg/kg, 0.437mg/kg 이었으며 90개 지점모두 토양환경보전법의 토양오염 우려기준(공장 산업지역)보다 낮은 농도를 나타내었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 경기도 의왕시 소재 백운산 주변의 유류로 인한 토양오염도를 조사하고 복원에 필요한 기초자료를 마련하는 데 있다. 토양의 유류오염도를 측정하기 위해 BTEX와 TPH를 분석하였으며, 토양의 물리적 특성은 pH, 유기물함량, 함수율, 투수계수, 비중, 공극율을 측정하였다. BTEX는 GC-FID와 Purge & Trap을 사용하여 분석하였으며, TPH는 가속용매추출기(Accelerated Solvent Extractor)를 이용하여 토양시료를 전처리 하였으며 GC-FID로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 TPH의 경우 최고 24,773mg/kg, BTEX는 101.7mg/kg가 검출되어 TPH의 토양오염대책기준인 5,000mg/kg, BTEX의 토양오염우려기준인 80mg/kg을 많은 지점에서 초과하고 있었다. 따라서 백운산 지역은 오염지역의 토양복원이 반드시 필요함을 알 수 있다. 한편 연구대상 지역 중 오염도가 높은 지점에서 본 연구실에서 개발한 미생물제제를 사용하여 5주 동안 오염도의 회복정도를 조사하였다. 실험결과 3주만에 대부분의 오염물질이 분해되었고, 5주 후에 초기농도의 95%의 TPH가 분해됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 백운산 토양오염 현장에는 본 연구팀이 사용한 미생물제제를 이용하여 복원하는 것이 매우 효과적인 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.414-418
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• 2014

BACKGROUND: Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX), which are volatile aromatic hydrocarbons and main constituents of gasoline, are neuro-carcinogenic organic pollutants in soil and groundwater. Korea Ministry of Environment has established the maximum permissible level of BTEX in arable soil to 1, 20, 50 and 15 mg/kg, respectively. METHODS AND RESULTS: To understand an arable soil contamination by BTEX, we collected 92 samples from the arable lands around oil reservoir, and analyzed the BTEX residue using a GC-MS with head-space sampler. A linear correlation between BTEX concentration and peak areas was detected with coefficient correlations in the range of 0.9807-0.9995. The method LOQ of BTEX was 0.002, 0.014, 0.084, and 0.038 mg/kg, respectively. Recoveries of 0.5 mg/kg BTEX were found to be 73.7-96.9%. The precision was reliable since RSD percentage (0.7-7.5%) was below 30, which was the normal percent value. Also, BTEX in all samples were detected under the LOQ. CONCLUSION: These results showed that the investigated arable soils around airport and oil reservoir in Korea were not contaminated by oils.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.368-371
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• 2003

Accidental release of petroleum products from underground storage tank(USTs) is one of the most common causes of groundwater contamination. BTEX is the major components of fuel oils, which are hazardous substances regulated by many nations. In addition to BTEX, other gasoline consituents such as MTBE(methyl-t-buthyl ether), anphthalene are also toxic to humans. Natual attenuation processes include physic, chemical, and biological trasformation. Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation are believed to be the major processes that account for both containment of the petroleum-hydrocarbon plum and reduction of the contaminant concentrations. Aerobic bioremediation has been highly effective in the remediation of many fuel releases. However, Bioremediation of aromatic hydrocarbons in groundwater and sediments is ofen limited by the inability to provide sufficient oxygen to the contaminated zones due to the low water solubility of oxygen. Anaerobic processes refer to a variety of biodegradation mechanisms that use nitrate, ferric iron, sulfate, and carbon dioxide as terminal electron accepters. The objectives of this study was to conduct laboratory-scale microcosm studies in assessing enhanced bioremediation potential of BTEX and MTBE under various electron accepters(aerobic, nitrate, ferric iron, sulfate) in contaminated Soil. these results suggest that, presents evidence and a variety pattern of the biological removal of aromatic compounds under enhanced nitrate-, Fe(III)-, sulfate-reducing conditions.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2014

The BTEX contamination of soil around gas station in Korea was investigated in 53 gas stations in 2013 by official test method on soil pollution. Each gas station was divided into oil tank area, line area, and surrounding area. The concentration of BTEX in 1066 sites of 53 gas stations was N.D.~ 3437.36 mg/kg. The order of average concentration for area was as follows: line area ($20.91{\pm}144.79mg/kg$) > tank area ($15.11{\pm}110.08mg/kg$) > surrounding area ($10.79{\pm}111.40mg/kg$). It was the number of sampling site exceeding regulatory levels at surrounding area the most at all. The average concentration of xylene was the highest, while that of ethylbenzene was the lowest.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.536-539
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• 2003

This study area has been contaminated by oils. To identify contaminated ranges and to assess the possibility of contamination dispersion, monitoring wells were installed and slug test, field soil permeability test, automatic or manual measurement of groundwater table, and groundwater quality analyses in field and laboratory were performed. In addition, a groundwater modeling program was used to assess the possibility of oil contamination dispersion, based on field data and groundwater quality data. The results showed that concentration of oil contaminants in groundwater have been decreased by dispersion and adsorption.