Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회지)

The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture (한국환경농학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Monitoring of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene and Xylene (BTEX) Residues in Arable Lands around Oil Reservoir

유류저장시설 인근 농경지 중 Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene 및 Xylene (BTEX) 잔류량 모니터링

  • Lim, Sung-Jin (Chemical Safety Division, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Jin-Hyo (Chemical Safety Division, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Choi, Geun-Hyoung (Chemical Safety Division, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Cho, Nam-Jun (Chemical Safety Division, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hong, Jin-Hwan (Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Park, Byung-Jun (Chemical Safety Division, Agro-Food Safety & Crop Protection Department, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration)
  • 임성진 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 김진효 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 최근형 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 조남준 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과) ;
  • 홍진환 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부) ;
  • 박병준 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 농산물안전성부 화학물질안전과)
  • Received : 2014.11.01
  • Accepted : 2014.12.25
  • Published : 2014.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX), which are volatile aromatic hydrocarbons and main constituents of gasoline, are neuro-carcinogenic organic pollutants in soil and groundwater. Korea Ministry of Environment has established the maximum permissible level of BTEX in arable soil to 1, 20, 50 and 15 mg/kg, respectively. METHODS AND RESULTS: To understand an arable soil contamination by BTEX, we collected 92 samples from the arable lands around oil reservoir, and analyzed the BTEX residue using a GC-MS with head-space sampler. A linear correlation between BTEX concentration and peak areas was detected with coefficient correlations in the range of 0.9807-0.9995. The method LOQ of BTEX was 0.002, 0.014, 0.084, and 0.038 mg/kg, respectively. Recoveries of 0.5 mg/kg BTEX were found to be 73.7-96.9%. The precision was reliable since RSD percentage (0.7-7.5%) was below 30, which was the normal percent value. Also, BTEX in all samples were detected under the LOQ. CONCLUSION: These results showed that the investigated arable soils around airport and oil reservoir in Korea were not contaminated by oils.

Keywords

References

  1. Bowlen, G.F., Kosson, D.S., Young, L., 1995. In situ processes for bioremediation of BTEX and petroleum fuel products, Microbial transformations and degradation of toxic organic chemicals, Willy-Liss Inc., New York, USA, pp. 515-542.
  2. Caselli, M., de Gennaro, G., Marzocca, A., Trizio, L., Tutino, M., 2010. Assessment of the impact of the vehicular traffic on BTEX concentration in ring roads in urban areas of Bari Italy, Chemosphere 81, 306-311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.07.033
  3. Choi, H.M., Lee, J.Y., 2011. Groundwater contamination and natural attenuation capacity at a petroleum spilled facility in Korea, J. Environ. Sci. 23, 1650-1659. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(10)60568-2
  4. Dean, B.J., 1985. Recent findings on the genetic toxicology of benzene, toluene, xylenes and phenols, Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology 154, 153-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1110(85)90016-8
  5. Johnston, C.D., Rayner, J.L., Patterson, B.M., Davis, G.B., 1998. Volatilisation and biodegradation during air sparging of dissolved BTEX-contaminated groundwater, J. Contam. Hydrol. 33, 377-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(98)00079-5
  6. Li, J., Zhang, J., Lu, Y., Chen, Y., Dong, S., Shim, H., 2012. Determination of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in agricultural soils near a petrochemical complex in Guangzhou, China. Environmental monitoring and assessment 184, 281-287. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-011-1967-0
  7. Matin, A.A., Biparva, P., Gheshlaghi, M., Farhadi, K., Gheshlaghi, A., 2013. Environmental monitoring of complex hydrocarbon mixtures in water and soil samples after solid phase microextraction using PVC/MWCNTs nanocomposite fiber, Chemosphere 93, 1920-1926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.06.072
  8. Miller, L., Xu, X., Grgicak-Mannion, A., Brook, J., Wheeler, A., 2012. Multi-season, multi-year concentrations amongst the BTEX group of VOCs in an urbanized industrial city, Atmos. Environ. 61, 305-315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.07.041
  9. Pawlowski, M.H., 1998. Analytical and field test methods for measuring BTEX metabolite occurrence and transport in groundwater, p. 1, Oregon states University Corvallis Department of Chemistry, Defense Technical Information Center, Oregon, USA.
  10. Reinhard, M., Barker, J.F., Goodman, N.L., 1984. Occurrence and distribution of organic chemicals in two landfill leachate plumes, Environ. Sci. Technol. 18, 953-961. https://doi.org/10.1021/es00130a011
  11. Smith, M.R., 1990. The biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons by bacteria, Biodegradation 1, 191-206 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00058836