• 제목/요약/키워드: BPD

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International Movement of Biocides Regulation (Biocides의 국제적 규제동향)

  • 박정규
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • 제15권4호
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    • pp.115-122
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    • 2000
  • Biocides, or non-agricultural pesticides, are a broad class of chemical. They are including biological agents used to disinfect/sanitize, pesticides for non-agricultural use, wood preservatives, antifoulants, etc. Since the early 1980s, many adverse effects of biocides to human health and ecosystem have been found in the world. Especially, antifouling biocide like TBT caused serious toxic effects on the marine organisms. Therefore, OECD began to work on biocides in mid 1996 to help Member countries co-operate in the assessment and registration of these products. EU also announced the Biocidal Products Directive (BPD, 98/8/EC) in 1998 to harmonize regulatory approaches to allow EU countries to conduct evaluations of biocides more efficiently. Korea just start to consider of biocides regulation. Some biocides products are regulated, but not all the biocides which are using in Korea. Therefore, we need to make a appropriate regulation for the all biocides categories. In addition, there are necessary to develop risk assessment tools, to survey the use pattern and amount, to research on the ecosystem contamination by the biocides .

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Blood Vessel Aging Diagnosis System using Blood Pressure and Photoplethysmography (사지혈압과 용적맥파를 이용한 혈관 노화도 진단 시스템)

  • Kim, Pan-Ki;Cho, Sang-Heum;Kim, Byung-Sun;Kang, Mahn-Hee;Ahn, Chang-Beom
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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    • pp.1979-1980
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    • 2008
  • 본 논문은 심혈관질환을 예방하기 위한 심박변이도 검사(HRV), 압맥파 검사(PTG), 용적맥파 검사(SDPTG), 사지혈압 검사(BPD), 맥파전달속도 검사(PWV)를 통해 심혈관의 상태를 분석하고 질병을 예방하는데 도움이 될 수 있도록 측정하고 진단 할 수 있는 심혈관 질환에 대한 통합 진단 시스템을 개발하였다. 본 논문에서 개발된 진단 시스템을 통해서 나오는 결과에 대한 소개하였다.

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Parametric Design of Complex Hull Forms

  • Kim Hyun-Cheol;Nowacki Horst
    • Journal of Ship and Ocean Technology
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.47-63
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    • 2005
  • In the present study, we suggest a new method for designing complex ship hull forms with multiple domain B-spline surfaces accounting for their topological arrangement, where all subdomains are fully defined in terms of form parameters, e.g., positional, differential and integral descriptors. For the construction of complex hull forms, free-form elementary models such as forebody, afterbody and bulbs are united by Boolean operation and blending surfaces in compliance with the sectional area curve (SAC) of the whole ship. This new design process in this paper is called Sectional Area Curve-Balanced Parametric Design (SAC-BPD).

Optical Triangular Waveform Generation with Alterable Symmetry Index Based on a Cascaded SD-MZM and Polarization Beam Splitter-combiner Architecture

  • Dun Sheng Shang;Guang Fu Bai;Jian Tang;Yan Ling Tang;Guang Xin Wang;Nian Xie
    • Current Optics and Photonics
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    • 제7권5호
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    • pp.574-581
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    • 2023
  • A scheme is proposed to generate triangular waveforms with alterable symmetry. The key component is a cascaded single-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (SD-MZM) and optical polarization beam splitter-combiner architecture. In this triangular waveform generator, the bias-induced phase shift, modulation index and controllable delay difference are changeable. To generate triangular waveform signals with different symmetry indexes, different combinations of these variables are selected. Compared with the previous schemes, this generator just contains one SD-MZM and the balanced photodetector (BPD) is not needed, which means the costs and energy consumption are significantly reduced. The operation principle of this triangular waveform generator has been theoretically analyzed, and the corresponding simulation is conducted. Based on the theoretical and simulated results, some experiments are demonstrated to prove the validity of the scheme. The triangular waveform signals with a symmetry factor range of 20-80% are generated. Both experiment and theory prove the feasibility of this method.

Oxygen Desaturation during Nutritive Sucking in Premature Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia : Its Effect on Feeding and Growth until 4 Months of Corrected Age (기관지폐 형성이상 미숙아의 젖병수유 시 저산소증: 생후 4개월까지 수유상태 및 성장에 미치는 영향)

  • Lim, Chang-Hwan;Lee, Joo-Young;Lee, Hyun-Seung;Lee, Jung-Hyun;Kim, So-Young;Sung, In-Kyung;Chun, Chung-Sik
    • Neonatal Medicine
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.134-141
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    • 2008
  • Purpose : This study examined the occurrence of oxygen desaturation events during nutritive sucking in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and its effects on feeding and growth outcomes until 4 months of corrected age (CA). Methods : Thirty-four premature infants with BPD free from major cardiac, gastrointestinal, respiratory anomalies were included. By reviewing medical records, clinical characteristics, feeding conditions at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age (PMA), we focused on oxygen desaturation, and short-term outcomes in 14 infants with no or mild desaturation (group A) and in 20 infants with moderate or severe desaturation (group B). Results : Group B had lower birth weight and shorter gestational age at birth, longer duration of hospitalization, was discharged at higher weeks of PMA, and needed ventilatory assist and oxygen supplementation longer than group A (P<0.05). Group B started nutritive sucking later, with a greater decrease in $SpO_2$ during sucking, being more indicative of feeding problems at 40 weeks of PMA, but not at 4 months of CA. Percent of infant needing oxygen supplementation and percent of infants with growth failure were not different between groups at 40 weeks of PMA and 4 months of CA. Body weight and growth velocity differences noted at 40 weeks of PMA became insignificant at 4 months of CA. Conclusion : The severity of desaturation during nutritive sucking in premature infants with BPD influenced the infant's feeding and growth at 40 weeks of PMA. However, it disappeared at 4 months of CA.

Hepatobiliary Dysfunction in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Supported with Parenteral Nutrition (정맥영양 극소저체중출생아의 간담도 기능 이상)

  • Lee, Youn-Hee;Bin, Joong-Hyun;Lee, Ju-Young;Lee, Hyun-Seung;Lee, Jung-Hyun;Kim, So-Young;Sung, In-Kyung;Chun, Chung-Sik
    • Neonatal Medicine
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.197-204
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of hepatobiliary dysfunction (HD) at our hospital and determine the possible risk factors and complications associated with the development of HD in very low birth weight infants (VLBWI) treated with parenteral nutrition (PN). Methods: A retrospective study of VLBWI (n=92) that required PN between 2004 and 2008 in the NICU at the Bucheon St. Marys Hospital of Catholic University was performed. HD was defined by a direct bilirubin (DB) >2 mg and a transaminase of 60 IU/L defined cholestasis and liver injury. Groups I, II, and III were limited to cases of cholestasis, liver injury without cholestasis, and no abnormalities, respectively. The VLBWI were compared to each other. Results: Thirty-six subjects (39.1%) had cholestasis and 51 (55.4%) had liver injury. In addition, 36 (39.1%), 19 (20.7%), and 37 (40.2%) subjects were classified as groups I, II, and III, respectively. The three groups showed significant differences in gestational age, 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, use of surfactant, duration of parenteral nutrition, frequency of RBC transfusions, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (P<0.05). The multiple regression analysis with cholestasis as the dependent variable, showed a significant correlation with gestational age, use of surfactant, frequency of RBC transfusions, and PDA. Conclusion: Various factors, such as birth weight, gestational age, 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, use of surfactant for respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), frequency of RBC transfusions, BPD, and PDA may be related to hepatobiliary dysfunction in VLBWI treated with PN.

High Flow Nasal Cannula versus Nasal CPAP in Preterm Infants (미숙아에서 경비지속기도양압과 가습고유량비강캐뉼라의 사용에 대한 비교 연구)

  • Yoon, Seong-Ho;Kwon,Young-Hee;Park, Hyun-Kyung;Kim, Chang-Ryul;Seol, In-Jun;Lee, Hyun-Ju
    • Neonatal Medicine
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.293-300
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the change in usage and clinical outcomes of using a humidified high flow nasal cannula (HHFNC) in preterm infants. Methods: A retrospective review of patients with gestational age <32 weeks born at our neonatal intensive care unit from January 2008 to March 2011 was performed. First, data were compared between Era 1 (January 2008 to February 2009) and Era 2 (March 2009 to March 2011) to describe the increased usage of HHFNC. Second, the patients (gestational age 25-30 weeks) were divided into two groups to compare clinical outcomes. nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) and HHFNC groups who received either NCPAP or HHFNC as a respiratory support within 14 days of birth. Results: Compared to Era 1, HHFNC usage increased from 10 to 55% in Era 2, whereas NCPAP usage decreased from 40 to 5%. No difference in pulmonary or adverse outcomes including the incidence of reintubation and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), days on oxygen and a ventilator, and other outcomes was observed between the HHFNC and NCPAP groups. Days to reach full feed (32.2${\pm}$16.7 vs. 24.7${\pm}$10.2, P=0.05) and regain birth weight (20.9${\pm}$16.9 vs. 17.2${\pm}$4.3, P=0.04) decreased in the HHFNC group. Conclusion: HHFNC was feasible and did not differ in respiratory and other outcomes, but days to reach full feed and regain birth weight decreased in the HHFNC, when compared with the NCPAP. An additional prospective multicenter designed study is needed to better define safety and efficacy of HHFNC.

Analysis of the Recovery Rate of Food-borne Pathogens according to Sample Preparation Methods in Animal Origin Foods (축산식품 중 전처리 방법에 따른 식중독균 회수율 분석)

  • Kim, Jong-Hui;Kim, Hyoun Wook;Ham, Jun-Sang;Kim, Bu-Min;Oh, Mi-Hwa
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • 제31권6호
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    • pp.406-413
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    • 2016
  • This study was performed to evaluate and establish a sample preparation method for the detection of food-borne pathogens in animal origin foods. Ham, yogurt, and Korean beef inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella Typhimurium, were tested for the effects of diluent composition, processing time, and proportion of diluent to sample. The diluents used were peptone water (PW), Saline solution (SS), Butterfield's phosphate buffered dilution water (BPD), and Buffered peptone water (BPW). The processing time periods considered for the samples were 30, 60, 90, 120, and 300 sec, and the proportions of diluent to samples tested were 1:2, 1:4, 1:9, and 1:19. Yogurt and beef showed the highest number of bacteria when treated with BPW (p < 0.05). However, ham showed no significant difference between the treatments with four different diluents. Optimum proportions of diluent to ham, yogurt, and beef were 1:9, 1:2, and 1:4, respectively. The processing time of 120 sec was chosen as optimum, because it showed the best recovery rate in all sample types. In this manner, detection of food-borne bacteria with the selected optimal conditions was indicated by a recovery rate of more than 85%. These data suggest that an appropriate diluent composition and diluent volume should be used depending on the type of sample, which would thereby increase the accuracy of detecting food-borne bacteria in animal origin foods.

Economic Evaluations of DCL/ICL Processes (직·간접석탄액화공정의 경제성 평가)

  • Park, Joo-Won;Bae, Jong-Soo;Kweon, Yeong-jin;Kim, Hak-Joo;Jung, Heon;Han, Choon
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • 제47권6호
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    • pp.781-787
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    • 2009
  • This report investigates the economic proprieties of commercial 50,000 barrel per day direct/indirect coal liquefaction(DCL/ICL) plants to produce commercial-grade diesel and naphtha liquids. The scope of the study includes capital and operating cost estimates, sensitivity analyses and a comparative financial analyses. Based on plant capacity of 50,000BPD, employing Illinois #6 bituminous coal as feed coal, the total capital cost appeared $3,994,858,000(DCL) and $4,962,263,000(ICL). Also, the internal rate of return of DCL/ICL appeared 13.27% and 12.68% on the base condition respectively. In this case, coal price and sale price of products were the most influence factors. And ICL's payback period(6.8 years) was longer than DCL's(6.6 years). According to sensitivity analyses, the important factors on both DCL/ICL processes were product sale price, feed coal price and the capital cost in order.

Antenatal Corticosteroids and Clinical Outcomes of Preterm Singleton Neonates with Intrauterine Growth Restriction

  • Kim, Yoo Jinie;Choi, Sung Hwan;Oh, Sohee;Sohn, Jin A;Jung, Young Hwa;Shin, Seung Han;Choi, Chang Won;Kim, Ee-Kyung;Kim, Han-Suk;Kim, Beyong Il;Lee, Jin A
    • Neonatal Medicine
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.161-169
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    • 2018
  • Purpose: We assessed the influence of antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) on the inhospital outcomes of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) infants. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with singletons born at $23^{+0}$ to $33^{+6}weeks$ of gestation at Seoul National University Hospital from 2007 to 2014. We compared clinical outcomes between infants who received ACS 2 to 7 days before birth (complete ACS), at <2 or >7 days (incomplete ACS), and those who did not receive ACS in IUGR and AGA infants. Multivariate logistic regression using Firth's penalized likelihood was performed. Results: 304 neonates with 91 IUGR neonates were eligible. Among AGA neonates, mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02 to 0.78), hypotension within 7 postnatal days (aOR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.64), and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death (aOR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.77) were lower in complete ACS group after adjusting for pregnancy induced hypertension and uncontrolled preterm labor. Mortality (aOR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.78), hypotension (aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.70), and severe BPD or death (aOR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.92) were also lower in the incomplete ACS group. Among IUGR infants, after adjusting for birth weight and 5-minute Apgar score, inhaled nitric oxide use within 14 postnatal days was lower in both complete ACS (aOR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.67) and incomplete ACS (aOR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.37) groups. Conclusion: ACS was not effective in reducing morbidities in IUGR preterm infants.