• Archives of design research
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• v.20
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• pp.293-304
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• 1997

The Wiener Werkstatte created the most avangarde textile designs in Europe at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. This study is to examine the distinctive characteristics of the textile design of the Wiener Werkstatte. The purpose of this study is to analyze the textile designs of the various designers who had contributed to shape the characteristics of the Wiener Werkstatte at various stages, and to catagorize the designs according to the subject matter, the design sources, the layout, the design principles, and the usages. The textiles of the first half of the Wiener Werkstatte are wovens for the homefurnishings. They were used as upolsteries. Wall coverings, and curtains in the commissioned buildings and houses which Hoffman designed and built in conjunction with the Wiener Werkstatte. The designs of this period have the simple and bold characteristics using less then three colors in a design. The subject matters used in the designs are firstly, stylized animals and plant forms; secondly, the purely geometric forms derived from the architural buildings. The textiles of the latter half of the Wiener Werkstatte put more emphasis on the printed textiles for the women's apparels. The textile designs of this period are categorized into four groups : firstly, the designs that stylized plant forms ; secondly, reinterpretational designs; thirdly, ethnic designs : and fourthly, the geometric art deco designs. The number of colors used in a design range up to 7 colors and all over, stripe, and ogee layouts are used.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.115-128
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• 2018

Tibetans who live in the Tibetan highlands, the Roof of the World, have their own unique lifestyle wherein they conform to its long history, natural environment, and their own form of clothing culture. In their costumes, the use of colors, patterns and designs express religious meaning and represent the hopes and heart of life, which respects nature. This study aims to analyze the colors used in Tibetan costumes and examine the meaning of these colors. In addition, this study intends to understand the specificity of Tibetan culture through a consideration of the symbolism of the colors of ethnic costumes. By examining the literature and conducting case studies, colors of Tibetan costumes were analyzed through the I.R.I HUE-TONE system. We analyzed 96 photographs of the costumes photographed during the Tibet ceremony costume, photographs seen at the Qinghai Tibet Culture Museum and photographs from the Internet museum. The results revealed the following: First, the most important element of the costumes is connected to the five colors of JangOsaek, which gives meaning to each color. Red, navy blue, yellow, white and green symbolize fire, the sky, earth, clouds or snow, and grasslands, respectively. Second, Tibetan costumes are characterized by bold color contrasts such as red and green, black and white, red and yellow, and yellow and purple to achieve an intense harmony of colors. Third, these fancy costumes express the unique aesthetics of the Tibetan people. The primary colors follow general emotions, but they can also include their own emotion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.6
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• pp.65-87
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• 1982

1. Purpose: The purpose is to apply and adapt ancient textile pattern to practical life, and to contribute to the promotion of the creative development of modernization and Koreanization of textile pattern by the survey of the extent of taste for the textile pattern existent in Korean costume among costumes. 2. Hypothesis: Textile pattern is in most classical one expressed in fact, but nowadays abstract or geometric one is more exist. Consumers are in most part in forties, and so the taste cannot be ignored. Therefore aesthetic consciousness found Korean costume is more important rather than excessively bold or mordern one. 3. Method and Process: (1) This research is analysed 386 one through college student and parents of a primary or high school. (2) Taste of the pattern is comparisoned and analyzed as age. education, pocket money of the student or an income of a month in home through computer. And the analysis of the statistics research is operation through the Chi-Square Goodness of-Fit-Test. 4. Conclusion: (1) The Korean costume put on mostly party or formal dress, therefore it should be researched as an outdoor dress with traditional costume. (2) The most one is concerned in textile pattern, it's taste is different from color, constitution. Textile industry is developed not only weave pattern, gold-coverning pattern but embroidry pattern, dye pattern, therefore the various side of pattern design should be researched. (3) In Side of form, plant pattern is not only most various but highest in popularity. According to approach nowadays, all of the pattern becomes composition or geometric one with abstract tendency and so from these day pattern is necessary combinationed, researched with our people emotion. (4) The color of textile pattern is choiced individual taste. Through investige, research in various side of the modern taste and our costume, we take growing interest in the color, composition of textile, and should dressed with beauty and grace. (5) In side of size, textile pattern is choiced to individual face and body shape through research on form, color, size of these pattern, we should endeavor to dress well. (6) In side of application, most people is concerned in not only interior ornament but the costume is high. Costume research by some people of the outside and symbol with interior through the pattern analysis is not only very important but also is due to people culture.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.65-90
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• 2017

Rewards or penalties become informative only when contingent on an immediately preceding response. Our goal was to determine if the brain responds differently to motivational events depending on whether they provide feedback with the contingencies effective for learning. Event-related fMRI data were obtained from 22 volunteers performing a visuomotor categorical task. In learning-condition trials, participants learned by trial and error to make left or right responses to letter cues (16 consonants). Monetary rewards (+500) or penalties (-500) were given as feedback (learning feedback). In random-condition trials, cues (4 vowels) appeared right or left of the display center, and participants were instructed to respond with the appropriate hand. However, rewards or penalties (random feedback) were given randomly (50/50%) regardless of the correctness of response. Feedback-associated BOLD responses were analyzed with ANOVA [trial type (learning vs. random) x feedback type (reward vs. penalty)] using SPM8 (voxel-wise FWE p < .001). The right caudate nucleus and right cerebellum showed activation, whereas the left parahippocampus and other regions as the default mode network showed deactivation, both greater for learning trials than random trials. Activations associated with reward feedback did not differ between the two trial types for any brain region. For penalty, both learning-penalty and random-penalty enhanced activity in the left insular cortex, but not the right. The left insula, however, as well as the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex/dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, showed much greater responses for learning-penalty than for random-penalty. These findings suggest that learning-penalty plays a critical role in learning, unlike rewards or random-penalty, probably not only due to its evoking of aversive emotional responses, but also because of error-detection processing, either of which might lead to changes in planning or strategy.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.4 s.66
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• pp.187-204
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• 2006

The brand personality of online products and services is know as its e-brand personality. Although, in the competitive conditions of online markets, e-brand personality is agreed to be an important factor, few studies have suggested how to establish e-brand personality through the visual design of web sites. This study identifies and verifies causal relationships between the visual attributes of web pages and e-brand personalities. The first identifies four major dimensions of e-brand personality on diverse web sites. The second uses 52 experimental home pages to identify key visual attributes associated with those four personality dimensions. The third is a confirmatory study with 16 experimental web sites that verifies causal relationships between visual attributes and e-brand personalities. The results show that two visual attributes, 'simplicity' and 'cohesion,' help to establish a 'bold' personality. Three attributes, 'contrast,' 'density,' and 'regularity,' affect whether a site has an 'analytical' personality. 'Contrast,' 'cohesion,' 'density,' and 'regularity' all influence whether a web site is perceived to have a 'friendly' personality. 'Regularity' and 'balance' were expected to affect the 'sophisticated' personality dimension, but no such impact was observed. The paper concludes with a discussion of implications, limitations, and future research directions.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.20-32
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to develop a feasible form of a Korean version of advance directives (K-AD). Methods: Sixteen adults participated in this study: 10 aged 20~50 years and nine aged 65 years or older. Using a draft version of the K-AD, cognitive interview was conducted on the participants to establish a culturally acceptable form of advance directives whose directions can be understood and responded accordingly by the general population. Results: Cognitive interviews revealed areas of concerns for the draft version of K-AD: lack of instructions or clarity for technical and medical terms, context complexity and inadequate response categories. The draft version was revised by rewording, offering examples and rearranging the context. Editorial style was added with appropriate uses of bold fonts, bullet-points and underlines to facilitate interviewees' cognitive responses. Conclusion: Study results feasibility of the revised version of the K-AD. Further study should be performed with a larger number of participants to develop a K-AD with an acceptable level of reliability and validity.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.405-411
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• 2001

This research was conducted to evaluate consumers' understanding and preference for shelf life and ingredient listings in food label by survey using a questionnaire. The questionnaires were collected from female adult consumers residing in Seoul, Kyonggi, Choongnam and Chungbuk areas. Most of the consumers showed good understanding for shelf life and ingredient listings in food label. They had no particular preference for the types of shelf life labelling. They preferred listing all ingredients completely with amounts, but differentiated from food additives. They wanted to get more information about shelf life and ingredient listings in food label that is mainly associated with food safety They showed more preference for labelling the shelf life in the information panel with a storage condition. Most of them chose the ingredient list format in which each ingredient was written in one row in bold characters with percentage labelling.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-33
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• 2001

This study is to analyze Korean-Chinese women's Costume in Yabian with factors such as reform opening-up, economic growth, change of social values, development of technology, more education opportunities and influence of mass media. It divides the 1990's into two halves. Photos, interview, observation and relevant literature were used for this study. Even though economy grew rapidly, they needed to purchase daily goods other than clothes. In a way that they preferred practicality, it showed somewhat it was still developing. The trend in the first half of the 1990's was characterized : first, Synthetic or artificial fibers and ready-made suits were popular ; second, there still remained the men's style ; third, they wore Tanrikoo(彈力袴), Tisingkoo(體型袴), Jiaotakoo(脚袴) because of its properties of activeness and comfort ; fourth, shoulders looked ore prominent with pads as they were used in Chungsanfoo(中山服) ; fifth, clothes in grey and dark blue was in fashion ; sixth, they wore hand-made knit vests and sweaters and often mountain-climbing gears for its light and warm quality ; seventh, along with opening-up, various materials and colorful clothes were in style, which satisfied women's desire for beauty. They decorated Hanbok(韓服), using sleeves with colors, golden ornaments, flower patterns embroidery, materials of different color in collar and tie and dyes of sleeves and skirts. In the first half of the 1990's when the opening-up was beginning, there were diverse styles and colors in fashion, yet not close to good quality. As the economy grew, the second half of the 1990's was characterized by good palate, individuality, favouritism on foreign goods, rapid change of fashion. For instance, fur coat and woolen fabric were favored. Economic growth led to abundance of cloth, dyes and decorative materials. In addition, people possessed more clothing and it was possible for them to wear both Hanbok and wedding dress in wedding ceremony. People placed their standards on competency and financial ability rather than ideology. Worship disappeared and individuality arose. Therefore, apparel functioned not only as protection but as suits with aesthetic purpose. This resulted in introduction of bold style, imitation of western countries and extension of use of Hanbok. With the help of mass media, transportation, telecommunication, contact with Korean company and civilians, Korean and western cultures, through Korea, were accepted. Change in structure of economic status caused excessive spending and more educational opportunities that enabled people to accept foreign culture quickly. Values moved onto new, beautiful and better characteristics. it was possible to have suits ready-made due to improvement of mass production and cotten, wool, linen, silk became popular owing to technology. New technology, the bases of mass consumption, increased possession of clothing and accelerated change of fashion. In summary, women's Costume in Yanbian were affected by the factors in economy, politics, culture contact as well as change of society and technology.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.50-56
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• 2002

최근 3-4년간 MR의 hardware와 software의 급격한 발전으로 마침내 작년 말에 3.0 Tesla whole body MR 장비가 미국 FDA의 공인을 받았다. 한국에서도 일찍부터 3T MR장비의 개발이 이루어 졌고 이미 설치되어 연구와 임상이 이용되고 있다. 여러 회사에서 개발 및 연구된 전신 3.0T MR 장비가 여러가지 가능성을 보이고 임상 도입 단계에 있지만 아직까지 실지 임상에서는 뇌신경계 분야가 주류를 이루고 있다. 지금 뇌신경계 분야에서 보편적으로 늘리 사용되고 있는 1.5T MR 장비는 모든 면에서 상당히 안정적으로 임상 및 연구에 이용되고 있다. 1-2년 전만 해도 3.0 T MR기기는 뇌신경계 영역에서도 임상적으로 늘리 사용되기에는 안정적인 면에서는 1.5T 기기에 비해서 떨어지는 것이 사실이었다. 그래서 주로 연구실 영역에서 많이 이용되고 있었다. 그러나 지금 본원에 설치 완료되어 임상에 적용한지 6개월 정도 이용한 예에서 보면 (about 2300 cases/6months) hardware, software적인 면에서 아직 조금의 불편함이 있지만 많은 부분이 충분히 인지되고 개선이 가능한 부분으로 거의 불편함이 사라질 것으로 기대되고 있고, 불편함을 넘을 수 있는 여러 가지 장점이 있다고 본다. 고자장 (>3.0 T) MRI의 매력은 자장에 비례적으로 SNR, spectral resolution이 높아지고, T1, BOLD등에 의한 대조도가 향상한다는 것이다. SNR의 증가는 temporal, spatial 분해능을 증가시키고, spectral resolution이 높아짐에 따라 MR spectroscopy상에서 주요 대사물질 이외 작은 대사물질에 관한 스펙트럼의 분석을 향상시킨다. 이처럼 고자장 MR은 근본적인 장점을 가지고 있고 이러한 장점이 고자장 MR 시대로 가야 할 이유을 모두 설명하고 있다고 생각된다.세포질등이 있으며, 이들중에서 lysosomes, peroxisomes, 그리고 미토콘드리아가 특정한 유전성 백질질환에 중요한 역할을 하는 것이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 질환들은 최소한 각 소기관에 의한 질환군으로 분류될 수 있다.SXR이 ER의 transactivation 효과를 약간 촉진한 반면 MDA-MB-231세포는 SXR을 제외한 CAR와 PPAR${\gamma}$에 의해 ER의 transactivation 효과가 약간 증가되는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 유방암세포에서는 CAR, SXR, PPAR${\gamma}$과 같은 xenobiotic nuclear receptor에 의한 ER transactivation 효과가 간암세포와는 다르게 나타나며, 유방암의 종류에 따라서 endogenous CAR, SXR, PPAR${\gamma}$수용체가 다르게 발현됨으로써 이들에 대한 반응이 서로 상이한 특징을 나타낼 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 estrogen receptor에 의해 매개되는 estrogn의 전사활성조절기전이 표적세포에 따라 다른 경로를 포함 할 수 있음을 시사한다.서 흡착 능력이 우수하게 나타났으며, 황화수소는 펄라이트, 왕겨, 소나무수피에서 상대적으로 우수한 것으로 나타났으며, 혼합충전재는 암모니아의 경우 코코넛과 펄라이트의 비율이 7：3인 혼합 재료 3번과 소나무수피와 펄라이트의 비율이 7：3인 혼합 재료 6번에서 다른 혼합 재료에 비하여 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 4. 코코넛과 소나무수피의 경우 암모니아 가스에 대한 흡착 능력은 거의 비슷한 것으로 사료되며, 코코넛의 경우 전량을 수입에 의존하고 있다는 점에서 국내 조달이 용이하며, 구입 비용도 적게 소요되는 소나무수피를 사용하는 것이 경제적이라고 사료된다. 5. 마지막으로 악취제거 미생물균주를 접종한 소나무수피 50%와 펄라이트

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.191-209
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify whether franchisee-perceived franchisor's proactiveness, innovativeness and risk-taking affect franchisee-perceived affective commitment with franchisor, and the affective commitment affects franchisee-perceived external representation and service delivery. Based on total 280 samples obtained from owners or managers of franchise fast-food restaurants in located in Yeongnam province, the research findings are as follows. Firstly, the innovativeness and risk-taking positively affect the affective commitment. Secondly, the affective commitment positively affects external representation and service delivery. But proactiveness does not affect the affective commitment significantly. These findings imply that firstly, franchisor should investigate consumer trends periodically and develop new successful menus and services more than competitors do, and implement new marketing techniques innovatively towards these menus and services. Secondly, franchisor had better adopt high return/risk strategies because of deepened competition and do bold decisions of price change etc. Also, in order to increase proactiveness, franchisor needs to launch new menus and services earlier than competitors and occupy market in advance, which strengthens affective commitment with franchisees. Thirdly, in order to increase affective commitment with franchisees, franchisor needs to match franchisor's value with franchisee's value and same value means same objective. Lastly, limitations and further research directions are also discussed.