• 혜화의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2006

Objectives : This study is aimed to investigate acupuncture treatments for blurred vision, tinnitus, difficulty in urination and bi-syndrome caused by aging process through oriental medical documents. methods : We researched 21 oriental medical classics for the acupuncture treatments of blurred vision, tinnitus, difficulty in urination and bi-syndrome caused by aging or deficiency. Results & conclusions : 1. Disharmony between yin and yang, disharmony between organs, disharmony of essence, qi, spirit, blood and body fluid are the main features of aging. 2. ST36, BL18, BL10, CV24, ST1, BL23 have been most frequently used for acupuncture to treat blurred vision caused by aging. For moxibustion, ST36 has been most frequently used. 3. GB2, TE21, TE17, SI19, TE3 are the mainly used points for acupuncture to treat tinnitus and deafness caused by aging. For moxibustion, LI1 and BL15 have been most frequently used. 4. CV3, CV7, CV4, BL67, LR8, LR4 have been most frequently used to treat difficulty in urination caused by aging. 5. LI11, GB34, GB30, LI4, ST36, TE10, TE5, Sama (extra point) have been most frequently used to treat numbness, paralysis and bi syndrome caused by aging.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2008

The main purpose of this paper is to find the phase-in of BIM adoption by focusing on the level of integration. BlM should be aimed at integration and collaboration of all parties furnishing design and construction services to increase the productivity. Therefore, the degree and depth of integration for project collaboration is very important to BlM design process. One of the key advantages of full integration is that is to facilitates the development of detailed information much earlier in the entire design process to improve collaboration among stakeholders. Such integrated use is the ultimate method, but even so, it's not the precondition of BlM. One of the key advantages of relatively low integration as a transition phase is to adopt the BlM earlier than full integration. Such transitional and non-integrated BIM can also reduce the possibility of trial and error in BlM adoption. Therefore, this paper focused on non-integrated use of BlM as a substitute of full IPD by analyzing obstacles in BIM adoption.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2010

Objective : To examine whether any correlation between tendency towards depression and tenderness at special acupuncture points exists, thus to explore the potential diagnostic property of acupuncture points. Methods : A total 31 subjects were included in this study. They filled out questionnaires about their mental [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Stress Response Inventory (SRI), Profile of Mood States (POMS)] and physical (fatigue due to overexertion, and food accumulation) symptoms. Identical weight around Alarm points (CV17, CV12, ST25, CV5, CV4, and LR13) and transport points (BL14, BL20, BL21, BL22, BL25, and BL27) was given using an algometer and the subjects rated their pain on an 11-point numerical rating scale. Heart rate variability (HRV) was also measured. Results : The subjects were divided into two groups, normal and depressive tendency groups with a cut-off point of nine on BDI. The depressive tendency group reported significantly higher values in SRI, POMS, and questionnaire for fatigue due to overexertion. In the pressure pain measurement, depressive tendency group had more pressure pain at CV12, left side of BL20, BL14, BL22 and both sides of BL21, BL25, BL27, significantly (each p<0.05). The data of HRV did not show significant differences between groups. Conclusions : People with a tendency towards depression may be prone to stress, negative mood, and fatigue due to overexertion. In addition, they may be more likely to develop tenderness at alarm points and transport points compared with healthy people. Further research is needed to confirm this finding.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 1992

The autocorrelation function structures of bilinear time series model BL(p, q, r, s), $r \geq s$ are obtained and shown to be analogous to those of ARMA(p, l), l=max(q, s). Simulation studies are performed to investigate the adequacy of Akaike information criteria for identification between ARMA(p, l) and BL(p, q, r, s) models and for determination of orders of BL(p, q, r, s) models. It is suggested that the model of having minimum Akaike information criteria is selected for a suitable model.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.754-757
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• 2001

Expression of the vhb gene encoding bacterial hemoglobin (VHb) from Vitreoscilla has been used to improve recombinant cell growth and enhance product formation under microaerobic conditions because of its ability to enhance oxygen use. We coexpressed GFP and VHb in Escherichia coli BL21 and W3110, and compared with GFP control which was not expressed VHb. We used nar oxygen-dependent inducible promoter for VHb expression. The GFP amounts in E. coli expressed VHb was about five fold higher than in the control Fluorescence intensity was increased about two fold.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1509-1517
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• 2004

A study was conducted to determine the safety of feeding processed broiler litter (BL) to beef cattle. The litter was processed by deepstacking, ensiling and composting. The health issues addressed relevant to the safety of feeding litter included pathogenic bacteria, mycotoxins, heavy metals, medicinal drugs and pesticide residues. Exp. 1 evaluated the feed hygiene of processed rice hulls-bedded BL. The presence of pathogenic bacteria in BL was determined before and after deepstacking. A total of 21 BL samples were collected over a 3-year period of commercial and experimental production of BL for beef cattle. Exp. 2 evaluated the safety of meat of cattle fed deepstacked BL. In Exp. 1, there were no pathogenic bacteria, such as coliform, E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, Listeria and Proteus, in deepstacked BL. Levels of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) and toxic heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd and Hg) were lower than the commercial feed tolerances. Aflatoxin, medicinal drug and pesticide residues were detected at extremely low levels. In Exp. 2, the meat of the BL-fed animals exhibited few differences in all analyzed items from that of the control group, showing safety from pathogenic microorganisms and heavy metals. When BL was withdrawn for 14 days prior to slaughtering the BLfed cattle, no medicinal drug residues were detected in the meat. Pesticides in the tissues of either group of animals were much lower than the tolerances. In conclusion, processed rice hulls-bedded BL and the meat of cattle fed BL were safe from the potential hazards of pathogenic bacteria, heavy metals, aflatoxin, medicinal drugs and pesticide residues.

• 대한추나의학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was designed to investigate the correlation between thoracolumbar junction and back-su points, Hwatahyeopcheok points for treatment of low back pain in the thoracolumbar junction syndrome that was suggested by Maigne R. Method : We Investigate the acupuncture points that was correlated with the location of thoracolumbar junction area. And We tried to find out a common point between thoracolumbar junction and back-su points, Hwatahyeopcheok points for treatment of low back pain. Results and Conclusion : 1. It is considered that these points such as $BL_{20}$, $BL_{21}$, $BL_{22}$, and Hwatahyeopcheok points that are located from 11th thoraic spinous process to 2nd lumbar spinous process are correspond to the thoracolumbar junction area. 2. It is suggested that acupuncture treatment on $BL_{20}$, $BL_{21}$, $BL_{22}$, and Hwatahyeopcheok points can release the tenderness of the muscles, recover autonomic nervous function and release smooth muscles and vascular contraction, so it can treat low back pain caused by thoracolumbar junction.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2014

Acupuncture is the process of stimulating skin regions called meridians or acupoints and has been used to treat pain-related symptoms. However, the pain-relieving effects of acupuncture may be different depending on acupoints. In the present study, the effects of acupuncture on behavioral responses and c-Fos expression were evaluated using a formalin test in male Sprague-Dawley rats in order to clarify the analgesic effects of three different acupoints. Each rat received manual acupuncture at the ST36 (Zusanli), SP9 (Yinlingquan) or BL60 (Kunlun) acupoint before formalin injection. Flinching and licking behaviors were counted by two blinded investigators. Fos-like immunoreactivity was examined by immunohistochemistry in the rat spinal cord. Manual acupuncture treatment at BL60 acupoint showed significant inhibition in flinching behavior but not in licking. Manual acupuncture at ST36 or SP9 tended to inhibit flinching and licking behaviors but the effects were not statistically significant. The acupuncture at ST36, SP9, or BL60 reduced c-Fos expression as compared with the control group. These results suggest that acupuncture especially at the BL60 acupoint is more effective in relieving inflammatory pain than other acupoints.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate acupoints and muscles used for cosmetic acupuncture. We want most clinicians practicing cosmetic acupuncture to understand theoretical background well and to treat cosmetic diseases more diversely by this paper. Methods : We collected useful informations from some books and websites about cosmetic acupuncture and thus could select major acupoints and muscles. Conculsions : The most frequently used acupoints for cosmetic acupoints are as follows ; LI20, ST1, ST2, ST3, ST4, ST5, ST6, ST7, ST8, SI18, SI19, BL1, BL2, BL3, BL4, TE17, TE18, TE19, TE20, TE21, TE22, TE23, GB1, GB2, GB3, GB4, GB5, GB6, GB7, GB8, GB13, GB14, GV20, GV21, GV22, GV23, GV24, GV25, GV26 and CV24. And head and neck muscles including SCM muscle, plastyma, frontalis, corrugator supercilii, orbicularis oculi, auricularis, temporalis, masseter, pterygoid, zygomaticus and risorius can be used for cosmetic acupuncture. Most acupoints and muscles are located in face and head, which seemed to be concerned with formation of face wrinkles.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.445-448
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• 2008

생명공학분야에서 매우 중요한 효소 중에 하나인 lipase는 여러 산업에 유용하게 사용되고 있다. lipase를 선별하기 위해서는 최적화된 발현 시스템이 필요하다. 많은 발현 시스템중에 E.coli 발현 시스템은 바람직한 특성을 갖는 효소를 스크리닝하거나, 선별된 변이체들의 특성을 확인하는 데에 소요되는 시간과 비용을 단축시켜 줄 것이다. 본 연구에서는 그 중에 BL21와 OrigamiB에서 CalB를 발현하였다. 그 결과 BL21 균주에서 발현된 CalB는 대부분이 불용성의 inclusion body를 형성하고, 전혀 활성을 나타내지 않았다. 이전의 타 연구와 더불어 이 결과에서 E.coli 균주에서 CalB의 기능적 발현이 상당히 어렵다는 것을 알 수 있다. 특히 불용성의 inclusion body형성과 lipase의 세포에 대한 유독성이 원인이 될 수 있다. 그러나 BL21와 비교해보면, OrigamiB에서 발현된 CalB 또한 많은 양의 inclusion body를 형성하지만, lipase의 주요 특성중의 하나인 가수분해 활성이 상당하게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있다. lipase의 구조 형성을 도와주는 변형된 OrigamiB와 저온유도시스템인 pCold 플라스미드를 사용했기 때문이다. 이처럼 균주나 플라스미드의 선택, 유도조건의 변경 등의 여러 연구를 통하여 유용한 효소를 선별할 수 있다.