• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.12-18
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• 2010

Irrigation management methods controlled by integrated solar radiation (ISR) or drainage level sensor were evaluated in rockwool or coir bag culture as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) production system. Substrate water content and drainage percentage were more stable in the drainage level sensor method than in the ISR method regardless of substrate type. Total yield and marketable yield were high in the drainage level sensor method, but not between substrates in the same irrigation management method. Sugar content was affected more by the substrate type than irrigation method. The drainage level sensor method was elucidated to be better than the ISR method regardless of substrate type.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.724-729
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• 1998

To develop a large scale countercurrent single pass heat exchanger for continuous transportation and sterilization of soybean paste, microflora and color value of sterilized soybean paste were examined at various sterile condition. Aerobes, anaerobes, molds, yeasts and lactic acid bacteria were 5.1 x 107 CFU/g, 7.1 x 107 CFU/g, 2.6 x 105 CFU/g, 4.3 x 106 CFU/g, 1.3 x 107 CFU/g, respectively in raw soybean paste. In gold band ampoule test, aerobes and anaerobes of soybean paste were viable up to 90$^{\circ}C$, but become unviable at 100$^{\circ}C$. Molds decreased rapidly and yeasts decreased slowly from 70$^{\circ}C$. Lactic acid bacteria were unviable at 60$^{\circ}C$ within 10 min. In color test, Hunter L, a, and b values of soybean paste were 50.2, +5.6, and +17.8, respectively. After heating in polyethylene film bag at 80$^{\circ}C$, Hunter values were not so much changed and become 50.2, +4.7, and +19.7, respectively. The micorflora and color of soybean paste sterilized in a large scale heat exchanger system resulted in very similar to those of gold band ampoule and polyethylene film bag by effective heat transfer.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.74-83
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• 2018

The objectives of this study was to evaluate the degradability and digestibility of crude protein (CP), rumen undegradable protein (RUP), and individual amino acids (AA) on six by-product feedstuffs (BPF) (rice bran, RB; wheat bran, WB; corn gluten feed, CGF; tofu residue, TR; spent mushroom substrate from Pleurotus ostreatus, SMSP; brewers grain, BG) as ruminants feed. Three Hanwoo steers (40 months old, $520{\pm}20.20kg$ of body weight) fitted with a permanent rumen cannula and T-shaped duodenal cannula were used to examine of the BPF using in situ nylon bag and mobile bag technique. The bran CGF (19.2%) and food-processing residue BG (19.7%) had the highest CP contents than other feeds. The RUP value of bran RB (39.7%) and food-processing residues SMSP (81.1%) were higher than other feeds. The intestinal digestion of CP was higher in bran RB (44.2%) and food-processing residues BG (40.5%) than other feeds. In addition, intestinal digestion of Met was higher in bran RB (55.7%) and food-processing residues BG (44.0%) than other feeds. Overall, these results suggest that RB and BG might be useful as main raw ingredients in feed for ruminants. Our results can be used as baseline data for ruminant ration formulation.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.34-46
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution state of road shops around the 9 main fashion trade areas in Seoul, and to analyze whether there were any differences in them based on clothing, store types and regions. Furthermore, by investigating the distribution state of road shops in the 9 main fashion trade areas per year, this study provides basic information that can be helpful in opening and securing road shops in major trade areas. The method of investigation was to analyze clothing types and store types with 72 maps of commercial areas. Samsungdesignnet investigated these areas for 8 years around the 9 main fashion trade areas (Garosugil, Gangnam nonhyun, Gangnam Station, Myungdong, Moonjung, Apgujung, Yeonsinne, Edae, and Chungdam). As a result, the distribution state of the fashion road shops based on clothing types revealed that road shops for ladies' wear, bag or shoes, and total fashion were strong, and the distribution state of non brand were strong. When it came to year-to-year trends, road shops for women's wear, bag or shoes, and total fashion showed a steady increasing tendency of being on-trend, but casuals and underwear showed a falling tendency of being on-trend. In terms of store type distribution, non-brand shops showed the most remarkable growth, followed by multi-shop while total fashion store showed a steady growth. Also, when it came to regional distribution, the dominant trade areas were different based on clothing type. Garosugil showed the widest variation in its yearly trend investigation, and Gangnam station also showed a substantial amount of growth. In other areas, there was no considerable change in the total number of shops, but increasing and decreasing markets had a complexity that depended on clothing types.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.553-558
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• 2006

In this study, an attempt was made to measure uncertainties involved in the VOC analysis for the VOC working standards prepared by a dilution technique using Tedlar bags. For this purpose, VOC standard gases of benzene, toluene, xylene, and styrene were prepared at four different concentrations (4, 8, 20, and 40 ppb). These standard samples were then loaded on to the GC system equipped with air server/thermal desorption (AS/TD) system. Each of these four standard concentrations was analyzed individually to derive their respective calibration results. These calibration data sets were then compared across four different compounds. According to this comparison, differences in calibration patterns were moderately insignificant within the selected concentration range of 4~40 ppb. It was also observed that the loss of styrene standard was fairly high compared to other VOCs investigated simultaneously. The results of our study suggest that the analytical uncertainty associated with the preparation of VOC starndard gas using a dilution technique can be assessed in a fairly reasonable manner for samples with a narrow concentration range.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.571-576
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• 2024

Ontologies are created by domain experts, but the same content may be expressed differently by each expert due to different understandings of domain knowledge. Since the ontology standardization is still lacking, multiple ontologies can be exist within the same domain, resulting in a phenomenon called the ontology heterogeneity. Therefore, we propose a novel ontology matching method that combines SCBOW(: Siames Continuois Bag Of Words) and BERT(: Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) models to solve the ontology heterogeneity issue. Ontologies are expressed as a graph and the SimRank algorithm is used to solve the one-to-many problem that can occur in ontology matching problems. Experimental results showed that our approach improves performance by about 8% over traditional matching algorithm. Proposed method can enhance and refine the alignment technology used in ontology matching.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.389-400
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• 2022

Purpose - This study empirically analyzes the effects of food delivery service use frequency and the proportion of single-person households on the generation of MSW (Municipal Solid Waste). Additionally, the study analyzes MSW increase during the COVID-19 period. Design/methodology/approach - The study uses annual information on MSW and related characteristics of 228 Si, Gun, and Gu, which are administrative districts of Korea, from 2015 to 2020. Panel fixed effect model is employed for estimations. Findings - The study finds that food delivery and single-person household have significant effects only on recyclable and standard garbage bag MSW, respectively, not on all produce types of MSW. Additionally, it is estimated that, during the COVID-19 period, the increasing effect of food delivery is intensified while single-person households diminish its increasing effect. Lastly, the study confirms that the marginal effect on the increasing effect of MSW generation by the number of household members. Research implications or Originality - The estimated results are expected to provide useful information for the related policies. In particular, it is necessary to focus more on recyclable MSW concerning the developing delivery culture, and regarding changes in the family structure, focus more on the number of household members than single-person households.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1998

An in uitro culture technique was established for harvesting Strongwloides venezuelensis free-living infective larvae using a nutrient broth medium as a substitute for rat-feces in polyvinyl culture bags ($10{\;}{\times}{\;}12{\;}cm$). The egg hatch rate V) in sterile saline at different incubation temperatures (X) was expressed as the quadratic function, Y = $-0.192X^2$ + 8.673x - 19.550 (r = 0.901). The highest (100%) egghatch rate was observed at $25^{\circ}C$. A significant difference (p<0.05) in development rate W) of free-living infective larvae was observed between different concentrations of nutrient broth (X) which was highest (20.6%1 in 0.12% nutrient broth concentrations, incubated at $20^{\circ}C$ for 5 days [Y = $-864.032X^2$ + 245.995X- 0.560 (r = 0.875)]. Yields (Y) of infective larvae were observed relatively high when the culture medium was incubated at higher temperatures (X) which peaked at $25^{\circ}C$ (20.0%) than at lower temperatures. $15^{\circ}C$M (10.9%) and $20^{\circ}C$ (18.1%) [Y = $-0.189X^2$ + 8.387x- 72.795 (r = 0.981)]. The period W) required for the development of infective larvae decreased with higher incubation temperatures (X) [Y = $0.035X^2$ - 2.025X + 32.375 (r = 0.995)] The highest yield (19.2%) of infective larvae was obtained from culture bag inoculated with 15.000 eggs than with below and over 15,000 eggs in 0.12% nutrient broth and incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 4 days. The newly adapted culture method (from egg to third-stage larva) may be useful as a bio-bar/bioassay system for screening new chemical products, anthelmintics and pesticides, as well as for parasito immunological studies with Strongwloides species.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.275-279
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• 2014

Pleurotus pulmonarius usually grows on the dead wood of deciduous trees from mid summer to early fall. Cultivation of this mushroom is recently increasing due to its good flavour and fragrance. This study was conducted to find out the favorable substrate formulation in the bottle and bag cultivation of P. pulmonarius. The V formulation (10 : 50 : 20 : 20 mixing ratio of poplar sawdust, cottonseed hull, cottonseed meal and beet pulp) showed the fastest mycelial growth in the test tube column medium and highest yields in both bottle cultivation and bag cultivation. Those chemical conditions were pH 5.52, 29.07% organic matter contents, 1.12% total nitrogen, 25.95 OM/N ratio, 0.16% CaO, 0.51% $K_2O$, 0.17 MgO and 0.26 $P_2O_5$.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.207-210
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• 2016

In 2010, a new variety for sawdust cultivation,was produced by monokaryotic-monokaryotic crossing between Sanjo 701ho and FMRI0995. The optimum temperature for Sanjo 708ho mycelial growth was $25^{\circ}C$; mycelial growth on potato dextrose agar was 51.6 mm over 7 days. The fruiting pattern was sporadic, and the optimal temperature range for fruiting was $5{\sim}20^{\circ}C$. Regarding fruiting body characteristics, the pileus was 65.8 mm in size, 16.1 mm in thickness, and hemispherical in shape. The stipe was 42.6 mm in and 19.6 mm in thickness. Mproductivity was good during thelow-temperature period from autumn to spring, with an average productivity of 310.7 g/bag.