• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.81-90
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• 2003

This pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of boron application(B$_{0}$; 0.0, B$_1$; 0.2, $B_2$;2.0, $B_3$;6.0, $B_3$;6.0, $B_4$;15.0me B/pot) on the forage performance in the pure and mixed swards of orchardgrass and white clover. This 1st part was concerned with the changes in the growth, flowers and flower buds, and roots/nodules of forages. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. At the $B_3$ and $B_4$ treatments, the B toxicity was more seriously in white clover than in orchardgrass in the first half of cutting orders, and reduced in the latter half. In white clover, it was more worsened in a mixture than in a pure culture. It was somewhat reduced at the best growth stage of each forage. 2. In orchardgrass, the B toxicity($B_3$,$ B_4$) showed the chlorosis on leaf tips, shallow leaf, little tillers, and weak stems. Whereas it showed the chlorosis/necrosis on old leaf edge, little and weak stolons in white clover. 3. Comparing with the B deficiency($B_{0}$ , $B_1$) and toxicity($B_3$, $B_4$), the optimum B application($B_2$) influenced markedly good growth of shoot, root, nodule, and flower (flower number, blooming period, early full flower) in white clover. 4. Comparing with orchardgrass, white clover was greatly influenced by the boron application. However, this responses of white clover to boron were reduced in a grass-clover mixture with additional fertilization. It was recognized that the good forage performance in a grass-clover mixture could be regulated by the adequate applications of boron and additional fertilizers.s.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.435-439
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• 2019

Purpose: This study evaluated the efficacy of blood mixed cement for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in reducing the complications of percutaneous vertebroplasty using conventional cement. Materials and Methods: This study was performed retrospectively in 80 patients, from January 2016 to January 2017. Porous cement was formed by mixing 2, 4, and 6 ml of blood with 20 g of cement used previously. A tube with a diameter and length of 2.8 mm and 215 mm, respectively, was used and the polymerization temperature, setting time, and optimal passing-time were measured and compared with those using only conventional cement. Radiologically, the results were evaluated and compared. Results: The polymerization temperature was 70.3℃, 55.3℃, 52.7℃, and 45.5℃ in the conventional cement (R), 2 ml (B2), 4 ml (B4), and 6 ml (B6), respectively, and the corresponding setting time decreased from 960 seconds (R) to 558 seconds (B2), 533 seconds (B4), and 500 seconds (B6). The optimal passing-time was 45 seconds (B2), 60 seconds (B4), and 78 seconds (B6) at 73 seconds (R), respectively and as the amount of blood increased, it was similar to the cement passing-time. The radiological results showed that the height restoration rates and the vertebral subsidence rates similar among the groups. Two cases of adjacent vertebral compression fractures in the R group and one in the B2 and B4 groups were encountered, and the leakage rate of the cement was approximately two times higher than that in the conventional cement group. Conclusion: In conventional percutaneous vertebroplasty, the procedure of using autologous blood with cement decreased the polymerization temperature, reduced the setting time, and the incidence of cement leakage was low. These properties may contribute to more favorable mechanical properties that can reduce the complications compared to conventional cements alone.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.435-454
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• 1999

The caregiving experiences of 100 family menbers of outpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders were investigated for the presence of positive(positive family-patient relationship. patient' contribution to the family) and negative caregiving experience(objective and subjective burden) and their predictors. This study attempts to make the analysis of caregiving experience more useful by expanding the focus to incoporate these positive aspects of the experience of family caregiver. Objective burden consists of two elements: 'disruption of family life', 'care'(amount of caregiving related to activity of daily living). Subjective burden is defined as emotional reactions to the care giving and it comprised of 6 emotional subdimensions such as 'stigma', 'grief'. 'worry', 'pity', 'fear', 'despair'. Also we investigate the severity of patients' disturbing behaviors into two categories, positive and negative disturbing behaviors and patient' contribution to the family as a predictors of positive and negative caregiving experiences. This study use Pearson's correlation coefficient, Hierardhical regressions in the SAS Program. The results are as follows: 1. Respondents reported moderate level of objective burden 'disruption of family life' (mean = 2.48, range = 1-4), and 'care' (mean=2.54, range = 1-4), and slightly high level of total subjective burden(mean = 2.19, range = 1-4). Mean scores for the measure of the severity of behavioral disturbance indicated that the caregiver experienced negative disturbing behaviors around almost 'somtimes'(mean=2.28, range = 1-4), and positive disturbing behaviors 'almost not frequent'(mean=2.78. range=1-4). So they reported that they perceived patient's negative disturbing behaviors more than positive disturbing behaviors. Mean scores for the measure of the patient' contributions (mean = 1.99. range = 1-4) indicated that caregivers experienced these contributions a little. It means that there should be a positive aspect of possibilities of patient' family roles that can be developed in the daily life. Mean scores for the measure of the positive family-patient relationship indicated that caregivers experienced moderate level of positive family-patient relationship(mean=2.52, range = 1-4). 2. Hierardhical regression analysis 1) Hierardhical regression of 'disruption of family life' showed that the interaction between positive disturbing behaviors and patient' contributions (B = .20. p = .022) and caregiver's educational level(B=.06. p=.000) were 'significant and Hierardhical regression of 'care' showed that 'negative disturbing behaviors'(B= .35. p= .007). 'patient' contributions'(B= .28, p= .019). 'family income'(B=-.l1. p=.096) were significant. 2) Hierardhical regression of 'total subjective burden', 'stigma', 'grief', 'worry', 'pity'. 'fear', 'dispair' showed that 'positive disturbing behaviors'(B=.51. p=.000). 'negative disturbing behaviors' (B = .17, p = .026), 'caregiver's educational level'(B = .03. p=.036), 'family income'(B=.08. p=.041) were significant predictors of 'total subjective burden': 'positive disturbing behaviors'(B=.32. p=.066). 'negative disturbing behaviors'(B=.24, p=.096) 'durations of illness'(B= .03. p= .079) were significant predictors of 'stigma' 'negative disturbing behaviors'(B=.28. p=.005). 'patient sex'(B=-.32. p=.022). 'positive disturbing behaviors'(B=.28. p=.020), 'patient age'(B=.02. p=.010), 'caregiver age'(B=-01, p= .002) were significant predictors of 'grief' 'negative disturbing behaviors'(B= .28, p= .005). 'patient sex'(B= -.32. p=.039), 'caregiver age'(B=-.02, p= .023). 'caregiver's educational level'(B= .04, p = .044) were significant predictors of 'worry' 'patient sex'(B=-.46. p=.005). 'negative disturbing behaviors'(B= .28. p=.018), 'caregiver age'(B=-.01, p=.037) were significant predictors of 'pity' 'positive disturbing behaviors'(B=.83. p=.000). 'patient' contributions' (B = .22, p =.017). 'family income'(B=.09. p=.65) were significant predictors of 'fear' 'positive disturbing behaviors'(B=.49, p=.001). 'negative disturbing behaviors'(B= .24. p=.057) 'patient sex'(B=-.4l, p=.017), 'family income'(B=.14, p=.047) were significant predictors of 'dispair'. 3) Hierardhical regression of 'positive relationship' showed that 'patient contributions'(B=.32, p=.000). 'negative disturbing behaviors'(B= .24, p= .005), 'patient sex'(B=-.23, p=.036).

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.413-418
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• 1995

The (B.Si)C composite was prepared form the mixture of metal boron, silicon, and carbon powders in Ar atmosphere by Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis Chemical Furnace. The characterization of synthesized power and sintered body were investigated. The microstructure of sintered body suggested that SiC boundary was made between B4C grains. The most excellent mechanical properties, the relative density of 95% oftheoretical value, 3 point flexural strength of 360MPa, and fracture toughness of 3.6MN/m3/2 could be obtained in 80wt% B4C-20 wt% SiC composite were obtained.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.336-343
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• 2011

This paper introduces a simple variable gain amplifier (VGA) structure that shows an inherently dB-linear gain control property. Requiring no additional components for dB-linear control, the structure is compact and power efficient. The designed two-stage VGA shows a gain control range of 60dB with the gain error in the range of ${\pm}0.4$ dB. The power consumption including the output buffer is 20.4 mW from 1.2 V supply voltage with bandwidth of 630 MHz. The prototype was fabricated in a 0.13 ${\mu}m$ CMOS process and the VGA core occupies 0.06 $mm^2$.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.36-42
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• 1998

The dyeabilities of C.I. Reactive Blue 19(B19, MW ; 626), C.I. Reactive Blue 4(B4, MW ; 637) and C.I. Reactive Black 5(B5, MW : 991) were investigated. Initial dyeing rates were increased and the amount of dye on the fabric at equilibrium was decreased with temperature like other ordinary dyeing processes. Activation entropy$(\Delta{S}^*)$ was decreased because of loose bonding between dyestuffes and fiber molecules at transition state. It can be clarified that the entire reaction is exothermic and the number of molecular species at transition state becomes greater from decrease in activation enthalpy$(\Delta{H}^*)$ and the increase in activation free energy$(\Delta{G}^*)$ with temperature, respectively. The amount of B19 on the fabric at equilibrium was greater than that of B4, because B4 became unreactive towards textile substrates through hydrolysis. Due to the biggest size of the dye molecule, the reaction rate of B5 was the slowest but its difunctional group played an important role in achieving the greatest amount of dye on the fabric at equilibrium.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 1991

A combination of acerocarininc-Wright C-banding technique was utilized to identify each chromosomes in durum wheat ,Triticum durum var. Hordeiforme (2n=4x=28 AABB), This technique elucidated qualitativr and quantitative traits of the indi-vidual chromosomes In coinplement. Most comspicuous bands were observed at thecentromere of B-genome chronmosomes. Each chromosomes of A-genome had some-what weak centromeric, proximal and terminal bands. Chromosomes 2A and 4A hasa small subterminal bands. 6A is smallest and metacentric chromosome and , has two faint interstitial band. Chromosomes 1B and 6B showed satellite and constriction lage band. Short arm of 3B has three heavily interstitial bands. Both arms of chromosome 4B has a lagc centromeric band and a very lage proximal band. 5B had heavilycentromeric band and the long arm showed prominent two interstitial bands. Chromo-somes 25 and 7B has a small terminal band of both arms.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.242-247
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• 1992

Twenty strains of pentachlorophnol (PCP) resistant bacteria were isolated from activated sludge of the sewage treatment plant of Jung Lang Chun, Seoul. The predominant strains were Bacillus spp. including B. sphaericus and E. schlegelii. The other strains were identified as Corynebacterium spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Arthrobacter spp. and Aeromonas spp. The resistant strains could be grouped into two categories; PCP-degrading and PCP-adsorbing/absorbing ones. PCP-degrading strains degraded $75{\sim}90%$ of PCP in the medium containing 100 ppm PCP during the first 24 hours of growth. At the initial period the PCP-adsorbing/absorbing strains removed PCP from the medium but started to release PCP after 24 or 72 hours of growth. PCP degradation products from the culture broth of PCP-degrading strains were identified by comparing their $R_f$ values with those of the reference compounds. 2-chlorophenol and 2.4-dichlorophenol were presumed to be the intermediate products of PCP degradation.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.315-323
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• 2022

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of barium silicate filler contents on mechanical properties of resin nanoceramics (RNCs) for additive manufacturing (AM). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Additively manufactured RNC specimens were divided into 4 groups depending on the content of ceramic fillers and polymers: 0% barium silicate and 100% polymer (B0/P10, control group); 50% barium silicate and 50% polymer (B5/P5); 60% barium silicate and 40% polymer (B6/P4); 67% barium silicate and 33% polymer (B6.7/P3.3). The compressive strength (n = 15) and fracture toughness (n = 12) of the specimens were measured, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses were performed. Independent sample Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed on the compressive strength and fracture toughness test results, and the significance of each group was analyzed at the 95% confidence interval through post-tests using the Bonferroni's method. RESULTS. B6/P4 and B6.7/P3.3 exhibited much higher yield strength than B0/P10 and B5/P5 (P < .05). Compared to the control group (B0/P10), the other three groups exhibited higher ultimate strength (P < .05). The fracture toughness of B6/P4 and B6.7/P3.3 were similar (P > .05). The content of barium silicate and fracture toughness showed a positive correlation coefficient (R = 0.582). SEM and EDS analyses revealed the presence of an oval-shaped ceramic aggregate in B6/P4 specimens, whereas the ceramic filler and polymer substrate were homogeneously mixed in B6.7/P3.3. CONCLUSION. Increasing the ceramic filler content improves the mechanical properties, but it can be accompanied by a decrease in the flowability and the homogeneity of the slurry.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.264-272
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• 2008

The lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) isozymes in tissues from Acanthogobius hasta were characterized by biochemical, immunochemical and kinetic methods. The activities of LDH in skeletal muscle and eye tissues were 65.30 and 53.25 units, but LDH activities in heart and liver tissues were very low. LDH/CS (EC 4.1.3.7, citrate synthase) in skeletal muscle was the highest as 22.29. Specific activities of LDH in brain, eye and skeletal muscle were 56.45, 38.04 and 11.0 units/mg, respectively. The LDH isozymes in tissues were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after immunoprecipitation with antiserum against $A_4,\;B_4$ eye-specific $C_4$ and liver-specific $C_4$. LDH $AC_4$ isozymes were detected predominantly in skeletal muscle, brain and eye tissues, and $B_4$ isozyme was detected in heart. Anodal eye-specific $C_4$ and cathodal liver-specific $C_4$ were coexpressed in A. hasta. The eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme showed higher activity in eye tissue, but liver-specific $C_4$ isozyme showed lower activity in liver. As a result, one part of molecular structures in $A_4\;and\;C_4,\;A_4\;and\;B_4$, and eye-specific $C_4$ and liver-specific $C_4$ were similar, but in $B_4\;and\;C_4$ were different with each other. Therefore the subunit A may be conservative in evolution, and the evolution of subunit B seems to be faster than that of subunit A. The LDH $A_4$ isozyme of skeletal muscle was purified in the fraction from elution with NAD+ containing buffer of affinity chromatography and eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme was eluted right after $A_4$, so the structure of eye-specific $C_4$ isozyme is similar to $A_4$. And LDH activity remained 35.22-43.47% as a result of the inhibition by pyruvate, the Michaelis-Menten constant values for pyruvate was 0.080-0.098 mM, and Vmax were 153.85 units, 35.09 units in skeletal muscle and eye, respectively. Also the $B_4$ isozyme was the thermo-stablest and $C_4$ was stabler than $A_4$ isozyme. The optimum pH of LDH was 6.5. The results mentioned above indicate that isozymes in tissues showed the properties between LDH $A_4\;and\;B_4$ isozyme as A. hasta was adapted to hypoxic conditions. Also LDH seems to function more effectively under anaerobic condition because LDH in skeletal muscle and eye tissues have high affinity for pyruvate.