• 제목/요약/키워드: B pictures

검색결과 129건 처리시간 0.019초

방사성동위원소옥소(放射性同位元素沃素)($^{131}I$)가 "마우스"의 주요장기(主要臟器)의 병리조직상(病理組織像)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究) (Histopathological Studies of Mice after Administration of Radioactive Iodine($^{131}I$))

  • 노재성;이문호
    • 대한핵의학회지
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    • 제1권2호
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    • pp.85-97
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    • 1967
  • Histopathological changes of various organs of the mice after intra-peritoneal injections of radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) were experimentally observed. Sixity healthy female mice, weighing average 25 gm, devided into 6 groups, were used. The various doses of $^{131}I$ were injected intraperitoneally at different intervals. The histopathological changes after these treatments were observed in organs such as thyroids, parathyroids, livers, kidneys and gonads. Following were the results; 1) Thyroid: In the group A given $^{131}I$ with a single dose of $10{\mu}C$ per gm body weight, it was observed that the protoplasms of follicular epithelial cells were destroyed, the nuclei were expanded or dissoluted, showing pyknotic changes of nuclei and vacuolizations of protoplasms. In the group B given $^{131}I$ with a single dose of $5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight, hyperemias, hemorrhages and hyaline degenerations in the whole area were observed. In the group C given $^{131}I$ with 3 doses of $2.5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight every week, the thyroid parenchyms were destroyed and epithelial cells of varing size were observed in the fibrinous tissues. In the group D given $^{131}I$ with 6 doses of $0.5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight every week, some destroyed follicles and new borne follicles were observed. But the histopathological changes resemble the follicles of the normal thyroid gland. In the group E and F given $^{131}I$ with 8 and 10 doses of $0.2{\mu}C\;and\;0.01{\mu}C$ for each group per gm body weight every two days, both pyknotic changes of nuclei and cytoplasmic vacuolizations of the follicular epithelia, hypertrophies of follicles and abnormal irregular follicular structures were observed, and in the group F, lymphocytes appeared around the thyroid glands. 2) Parathyroid: In the group A, hyperemia, proliferations of connective tissues, karyorrhexes and vacuolizations were observed. In other experimental groups, no particular pathological change was observed. 3) Liver: The degnerative changes and acute or chronic inflammatory changes were observed in proportion to the amount of $^{131}I$ injected. Atrophies of the liver cells, dilatations of sinusoids, hyaline degenerations and necrotic pictures were observed. 4) Kidney: In the group A, congestions and infiltrations of mononuclear cells and granulocytes were observed around the cortical arteries, and in the group B, the degenerative changes of cortexes, and, in the group C and D, hydronephrotic changes were observed respectively, and hyaline degenerations were partially observed. 5) Gonad: In the group A, the follicles were degenerated. The ova in the follicles showed irregular figures. The changes in the group B were almost the same as in the group A, but the changes were mild. In the group C, the destructions of whole ova, the hypertrophies of ovarian follicular membranes and pyknotic changes of nuclei were observed. In the group D, the pathological changes were similar to that of group C, but mild in the grade. In the group E, almost none of ovarian follicular fluid was observed, and in the group F, the tissue pictures were almost similar to that of the normal group.

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Reduction of Variable Illumination Effect on Pixel Gray-levels of Machine Vision

  • Suh S. R.;Huang J. K.;Kim Y. T.;Yoo S. N.;Choi Y. S.;Sung J. H.
    • Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.5-9
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    • 2004
  • This study was carried out to develop methods of reducing the effect of solar illumination on pixel gray-levels of machine vision for agricultural field use. Two kinds of monochrome CCD cameras with manual and auto-iris lenses were used to take pictures within a range of 15 to 120 klux of solar illumination. A camera having more precise automatic control functions gave much better result. Four kinds of indices using pixel gray-level of the $99\%$ white DRS (diffuse reflectance standard) as a reference were tried to compensate pixel gray-levels of an image for variable illumination. Coefficients of variation of the indices within a range of illumination were used as a criterion for comparison. The study concluded that an index of (A+B)/A, where A is gray-level of the $99\%$ DRS and B is gray-level of the tested material, gave the best consistency in the range of solar illumination.

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색상대비 물방울무늬의 크기와 면적비 변화에 따른 원피스 드레스 착용자의 이미지 연구 (A Study of the Changes in Dress Wearers' Images in Relationto the Changes in the Size and Area Ratio of Polka Dots Relative to Coloration)

  • 김선미;정수진
    • 복식
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    • 제58권6호
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    • pp.54-68
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dot pattern size(0.8, 1.8, 2.5, 5, 8), color combination(BG/R, Y/B), area-ratio on image formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 20 color pictures manipulated with the combination of dot pattern size, color combination, and area-ratio using computer simulation. The subjects were 240 female undergraduates living in Gyeongnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 5 different components, visibility, attractiveness, cuteness, stability and high class image. In the cuteness, color combination, dot pattern size showed independent effect. In the stability, area-ratio, dot pattern size showed independent effect. Interaction effects of color and area-ratio combination was significant on cuteness. For visibility image 8cm yellow dot/blue background, for attractiveness image BG/R coloration, for cuteness image Y/B coloration and for stability image 0.8cm yellow dot/blue background were effective. According to the variation of dot pattern size, color combination and area-ratio, it was investigated that the images for a dress wearer were expressed diversely, were shown differently in image dimensions, and could be produced to different images.

Priority-based Unequal Error Protection Scheme of Data partitioned H.264 video with Hierarchical QAM

  • Chen, Rui;Wu, Minghu;Yang, Jie;Rui, Xiongli
    • KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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    • 제8권11호
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    • pp.4189-4202
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    • 2014
  • In this paper, we propose a priority-based unequal error protection scheme of data partitioned H.264/AVC video with hierarchical quadrature amplitude modulation. In order to map data with higher priority onto the most significant bits of QAM constellation points, a priority sorting method categorizes different data partitions according to the unequal importance factor of encoded video data in one group of pictures by evaluated the average distortion. Then we propose a hierarchical quadrature amplitude modulation arrangement with adaptive constellation distances, which takes into account the unequal importance of encoded video data and the channel status. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme improves the received video quality by about 2 dB in PSNR comparing with the state-of-the-art unequal error protection scheme, and outperforms EEP scheme by up to 5 dB when the average channel SNR is low.

FTS 방식에 의한 ITO Film 제작에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Fabrication of ITO Film by Discharge Plasma)

  • 마홍빈;고지성;;박차수;박정후;조정수
    • 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전기학회 1998년도 하계학술대회 논문집 E
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    • pp.1761-1763
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    • 1998
  • ITO(Iridium-Tin Oxide) thin film, as discharge electrodes in AC PDP, should have low resistivity and high transparency. Regarded as a high deposition rate method, the ITO thin film fabricated by the facing target sputtering system has been studied in this paper. The electrical property of the ITO film deposited below $150^{\circ}C$ is not satisfied. The SEM pictures show that the ITO films deposited below $150^{\circ}C$ are amorphous. After being annealed the amorphous ITO films become crystalline, and for this reason, the electrical property of amorphous ITO films can be effectively improved by annealing process. An ITO film with the resistivity as low as $1.99{\times}10^{-4}$ and transparency above 85% has be gotten after vacuum annealing at $300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours while deposited at $75^{\circ}C$. The corresponding deposition rate is $220{\AA}/min$.

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토목섬유를 이용한 확대기초의 설계법 연구 (Design Method of Spread Footing Reinforced by Geosynthetics)

  • 주재우;이승은;서계원;박종범;최현기
    • 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국지반공학회 2002년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.659-664
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    • 2002
  • New design method about the spread footing was developed using only soil and geosynthetics. This footing will be able to replace the concrete footing at constructing the foundation of small structures. As shown in Fig-3(b), after excavating the ground in semicircular shape, geosynthetics is layed on the semicircular shape of ground and let the soil filled. Geosynthetics of upper side are fixed tightly each other It can be thought to be a kind of great bag with semicircular shape. We performed two kinds of experiments to investigate the deformation and the failure shape of spread footing reinforced by geosynthetics. First, after making model ground with aluminium rods, the lattice point of 1cm ${\times}$ 1cm size of the side of aluminium rods have been painted with various kinds of colors. We have observed the movement of painted rods during loading. Second, we have taken pictures about failure process using B-shutter method. Analysing the behavior of model ground reinforced in a semicircular shape, we could know the reinforced one has much greater and wider plastic area than unreinforced one at failure. Based on the experimental results, new design method was proposed, which has a possibility to apply at the field works.

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디지틀 TV 방송을 위한 저지연 intra-slice 영상 부호화 방식의 개선 방법 (An Improvement in Intra-Slice Low Delay Video Coding for Digital TV Broadcasting)

  • 권순각;김재균
    • 한국통신학회논문지
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    • 제19권12호
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    • pp.2376-2385
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    • 1994
  • 디지털 TV 신호를 수신함에 있어서 복호화 지연과 채널변경 지연은 응용측면에서 매우 중요한 요소들이다. B-화면이 없는 MPEG-2의 SIMPLE PROFILE에서 intra-slice 부호화방식은 영상 복호화과정에서 지연시간을 짧게 하는 근원적인 방식들 중의 하나이다. 그 방식에는 복호화 지연시간은 짧은 장점이 있으나 채널변경 지연시간은 길어지는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는, SNR 성능의 손실은 무시할 수 있을 만큼 적게 하며 채널변경 지연을 줄이는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위해서 슬라이스들의 여러 영역으로 화면들을 구분하고 화면간 부호화를 위한 이동벡터 추정에서 약간의 제한을 부가하며, 이로 인해 임의접근 위치가 효과적으로 증가되고, 채널변경 지연시간이 줄어듬을 확인한다.

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Novel Rate Control Scheme for Low Delay Video Coding of HEVC

  • Wu, Wei;Liu, Jiong;Feng, Lei
    • ETRI Journal
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.185-194
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    • 2016
  • In this paper, a novel rate control scheme for low delay video coding of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is proposed. The proposed scheme is developed by considering a new temporal prediction structure of HEVC. In the proposed scheme, the relationship between bit rate and quantization step is exploited firstly to formulate an accurate quadratic rate-quantization (R-Q) model. Secondly, a method of determining the quantization parameters (QPs) for the first frames within a group of pictures is proposed. Thirdly, an accurate frame-level bit allocation method is proposed for HEVC. Finally, based on the proposed R-Q model and the target bit allocated for the frame, the QPs are predicted for coding tree units by using rate-distortion (R-D) optimization. We compare our scheme against that of three other state-of-the-art rate control schemes. Experimental results show that the proposed rate control scheme can increase the Bjøntegaard delta peak signal-to-noise ratio by 0.65 dB and 0.09 dB on average compared with the JCTVC-I0094 and JCTVC-M0036 schemes, respectively, both of which have been implemented in an HEVC test model encoder; furthermore, the proposed scheme achieves a similar R-D performance to Wang's scheme, as well as obtaining the smallest bit rate mismatch error of all the schemes.

A New MPEG-2 Rate Control Scheme Using Scene Change Detection

  • Park, Sang-Gyu;Lee, Young-Sun;Chang, Hyun-Sik
    • ETRI Journal
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.61-74
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    • 1996
  • We propose two new rate control schemes to improve MPEG-2 rate control in view of visual quality when scene changes happen. Two proposed schemes are characterized by real-time and non real-time improvement to reduce the impact of scene changes. We also propose a new target-bit prediction method using spatial activity of pictures and present a simple and efficient scene change detection scheme using signed difference of mean absolute difference (MAD). Computer simulation results show that the proposed real-time algorithm effectively alleviates visual quality degradation after scene changes. The proposed non real-time algorithm gives maximum 2 dB improvement in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) at a scene-changed picture, compared with MPEG-2 rate control scheme and it shows better quality than the real-time one.

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아동의 성역할 개념의 유연성에 관한 연구 (A Study on Children's Gender-Role Flexibility)

  • 김정민
    • 가정과삶의질연구
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.91-100
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental trends in children's gender-role flexibility across different areas of gender-role concept(appearance, activities, occupations, personality trails). Participants included 74 children(1st, 3rd, 5th graders). They were interviewed on a series of 16 pictures depicting cross-gender characteristics. Analyses revealed that (a) flexibility reached its peak at around age 8, which then remained the same except in appearance, (b) girls showed higher flexibility than boys except in occupations, (c) children showed the lowest flexibility in appearance and the highest in occupations, (d) children showed the lowest flexibility toward a male target child with cross-gender characteristic, and (e) children's justifications for flexibility were varied according to the situations. The results suggest that children's gender-role flexibility is influenced by age, sex, areas of gender-role concept, and target persons.