• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.5-19
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• 2019

Considering the natural phenomenon in which steep slopes ($65^{\circ}{\sim}85^{\circ}$) consisting of rock mass remain stable for decades, slopes steeper than 1:0.5 (the standard of slope angle for blast rock) may be applied in geotechnical conditions which are similar to those above at the design and initial construction stages. In the process of analysing the stability of a good to fair continuum rock slope that can be designed as a steep slope, a general method of estimating rock mass strength properties from design practice perspective was required. Practical and genealized engineering methods of determining the properties of a rock mass are important for a good continuum rock slope that can be designed as a steep slope. The Genealized Hoek-Brown (H-B) failure criterion and GSI (Geological Strength Index), which were revised and supplemented by Hoek et al. (2002), were assessed as rock mass characterization systems fully taking into account the effects of discontinuities, and were widely utilized as a method for calculating equivalent Mohr-Coulomb shear strength (balancing the areas) according to stress changes. The concept of calculating equivalent M-C shear strength according to the change of confining stress range was proposed, and on a slope, the equivalent shear strength changes sensitively with changes in the maximum confining stress (${{\sigma}^{\prime}}_{3max}$ or normal stress), making it difficult to use it in practical design. In this study, the method of estimating the strength properties (an iso-angle division method) that can be applied universally within the maximum confining stress range for a good to fair continuum rock mass slope is proposed by applying the H-B failure criterion. In order to assess the validity and applicability of the proposed method of estimating the shear strength (A), the rock slope, which is a study object, was selected as the type of rock (igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary) on the steep slope near the existing working design site. It is compared and analyzed with the equivalent M-C shear strength (balancing the areas) proposed by Hoek. The equivalent M-C shear strength of the balancing the areas method and iso-angle division method was estimated using the RocLab program (geotechnical properties calculation software based on the H-B failure criterion (2002)) by using the basic data of the laboratory rock triaxial compression test at the existing working design site and the face mapping of discontinuities on the rock slope of study area. The calculated equivalent M-C shear strength of the balancing the areas method was interlinked to show very large or small cohesion and internal friction angles (generally, greater than $45^{\circ}$). The equivalent M-C shear strength of the iso-angle division is in-between the equivalent M-C shear properties of the balancing the areas, and the internal friction angles show a range of $30^{\circ}$ to $42^{\circ}$. We compared and analyzed the shear strength (A) of the iso-angle division method at the study area with the shear strength (B) of the existing working design site with similar or the same grade RMR each other. The application of the proposed iso-angle division method was indirectly evaluated through the results of the stability analysis (limit equilibrium analysis and finite element analysis) applied with these the strength properties. The difference between A and B of the shear strength is about 10%. LEM results (in wet condition) showed that Fs (A) = 14.08~58.22 (average 32.9) and Fs (B) = 18.39~60.04 (average 32.2), which were similar in accordance with the same rock types. As a result of FEM, displacement (A) = 0.13~0.65 mm (average 0.27 mm) and displacement (B) = 0.14~1.07 mm (average 0.37 mm). Using the GSI and Hoek-Brown failure criterion, the significant result could be identified in the application evaluation. Therefore, the strength properties of rock mass estimated by the iso-angle division method could be applied with practical shear strength.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.58-65
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• 2002

When we estimate the optimal solution satisfy the objective function and subjective equation in the integer programming, The optimal solution of the objective function Z is decided by the positive integer at extreme point or revised extreme point in the convex set. The convex set is made up the linear subjective equation. The purpose of the paper is thus to establish a stepwise optimization in the integer programming model by estimating the variation △C/sub j/ of the constant term C/sub j/ in the linear objective function, after an application of the modified Branch & Bound method.

• Plant Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.35-40
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• 2021

In this study, a technical characteristic test was conducted on the gas turbine generator system of Seoincheon Combined cycle no.6 to derive and verify the model constants. As a result of the generator maximum/minimum reactive power limit test, the maximum reactive power limit is 80 MVar and the minimum is -30 MVar. The generator uses the GENROU model, the field time constant (T'do) is 4.077 s, and the inertial constant (H) is 5.461 P.U. Excitation system used ESST4B model to derive and verify model constants by simulating no-load 2% AVR step test, PSS modeling derived from PSS2A model constants, and simulated and compared measurement data measured when PSS off/on Did. The GGOV1 model was used for the governor-turbine, and the numerical stability of the determined governor-turbine model constant was verified by simulating a 10% governor step test through the PSS/E simulation program

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.13-15
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 Flake Sendust 금속분말을 이용하여 ISM 대역에서 PCB 노이즈 억제용 전파흡수체를 설계 제작하고 검토한 결과를 보고한다. 먼저 자성손실 재료인 Sendust 금속분말을 사용한 전파흡수체의 특성을 예비 시험한 후, 그 특성을 개선하기 위하여 Flake Sendust 분말과 CPE의 조성비를 각각 60 : 40 wt.%, 70 : 30 wt.%, 80 : 20 wt.%로 하고, 두께 1 mm, 2 mm의 sheet형 전파흡수체 샘플을 제작하였다. Network Analyzer를 이용하여 제작한 샘플의 반사계수를 측정하고, -2법으로 재료정수(복소비유전율, 복소비투자율)을 계산하였다. 계산된 재료정수값을 이용하여 최적의 전파흡수체를 설계하여, 조성비 Flake Sendust : CPE = 70 : 30 wt.%, 두께 0.55 mm의 전파흡수체를 제작하였다. 이 전파흡수체는 2.44 GHz 대역에서 5.45 dB의 흡수능을 나타냄으로써 목표치인 5 dB를 달성하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.269-270
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• 2006

이 논문에서는 고온초전도체로 제작된 위성통신용 고온초전도 3dB 커플러에 대하여 보고한다. 커플러 제작에 사용된 초전도체는 MgO 기판위에 증착된 YBCO 고온초전도 박막이었다. 중심 주파수는 408 MHz 대역폭은 위성통신 기지국용 전력 결합기가 안정적으로 동작하도록 15 MHz의 광대역을 설정하였다. 설계를 위해 기존의 분포정수로회로를 ABCD Matrix를 이용해서 집중정수 회로로 전환하였고, 컴퓨터 모의실험을 위해 em Sonnet 상업용 프로그램을 사용하였다. 컴퓨터 모의 실험시 초전도체의 저항은 0으로 하였고, 기타 유전손실은 없는 것으로 가정하였다. 측정결과 우수한 대역폭 특성을 보여주었지만, 대체적으로 12 MHz의 대역폭이 측정되었으며 이는 설계시 모멘트 법 적용에 따른 계산 셀의 정밀도에서 기인하는 것으로 보이며 좀더 세밀한 계산 셀을 사용할 경우, 정확한 계산이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.27-28
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• 2003

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.97-115
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• 2008

In high school mathematics class, to subtract a number b from a, we add the additive inverse of b to a and to divide a number a by a non-zero number b, we multiply a by the multiplicative inverse of b, which is the formal approach for operations of real numbers. This article aims to give a connection between the intuitive models in middle school mathematics class and the formal approach in high school for teaching operations of negative integers. First, we highlight the teaching methods(Hwang et al, 2008), by which subtraction of integers is denoted by addition of integers. From this methods and activities applying the counting model, we give new teaching methods for the rule that the product of negative integers is positive. The teaching methods with horizontal mathematization(Treffers, 1986; Freudenthal, 1991) of operations of integers, which is based on consistently applying the intuitive model(number line model, counting model), will remove the gap, which is exist in both teachers and students of middle and high school mathematics class. The above discussion is based on students' cognition that the number system in middle and high school and abstracted number system in abstract algebra course is formed by a conceptual structure.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.251-257
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• 2018

We will be establish the new k stores of identical product firm $F_B$ to gain competitive advantage over rival firm $F_A$ that has already monopolize a market with k stores. In this situation, how we can decide the location of k stores? For this problem, Serra and Revelle proposes k-Median and MAXCAP integer programming using LP+BB to decide the k stores of firm $F_B$. Then they exchange the k stores to another location that cover more customers. This paper suggests non-neighborhood search method that finds the ${\upsilon}{\not\in}N_G(u)$nodes for u of firm $F_A$ without most outer loop nodes using just MS-Excel. As a result of experiment, the proposed algorithm can be get the optimal solution easier and faster than integer programming.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.23-33
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• 2000

인천국제 공항에 분포하는 해성세립토 지반에서 일련의 CPTU와 DMT를 실시하고 그결과로부터 구한 비배수전단강도($s_{u}$ ), 과입밀도(OCR), 압밀계수($c_{h}$) 등과 같은 지반 정수와 기존의 시험자료 등을 분석하여 두 시험 결과를 비교하였다. 이 분석에의하면, CPTU와 DMT 두시험은 모두 피에조콘 정수, $B_{q}$ )로 분류하여 점성토인 지반에서 보다 신뢰성이 높은결과를 주었으며, 또한 해석방법에 따라 지반정수 산정결과에 큰 편차를 보여, 적절한 해석방법의 선택이 신뢰성있는 지반정수의 산정을 위한 주요한 인자임을 알았다. 그리고, 소성적 성질이 낮은 세립토 지반에서의 CPTU와 DMT를 이용한 비배수전단 강도 또한 과압밀비의 산정은 상당한 오차를 유발할 수 있다고 판단되었다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.66-79
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a new adaptive intra coding technique using 1-D and 2-D integer transforms for improving coding efficiency of H.264/AVC. Proposed technique selects the most effective transform and prediction mode for each block after processing 1-D and 2-D transforms of all prediction modes. In case of using 1-D transform, $4{\times}4$ block is divided into four $1{\times}4$ or $4{\times}1$ subblocks and then each subblock is predicted and subtracted by using the decoded subblock located at the nearest position in the direction of prediction. After prediction error subblock is processed by 1-D transform and quantization, four subblocks are merged back into original $4{\times}4$ block and then, reordered as 1-D signal by a DC biased zigzag scanning pattern according to the prediction mode. Finally, comparing the coding efficiency between bitstreams based on 1-D transform and conventional 2-D transform, prediction mode and quantized coefficients for each block are decided and corresponding quantized coefficients are transmitted. Experimental results show that the proposed adaptive technique increases 0.34dB in BD-PSNR and decreases 4.03% in BD-Bitrate on the average compared with H.264/AVC.