• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.64-71
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• 2022

In this study, fire and egress simulation was conducted for the egress safety evaluation of the nursing hospitals. A fire simulation was performed with or without the smoke exhaust system using the FDS, and the available safe egress time (ASET) of the nursing hospitals was calculated. In addition, an egress simulation considering the characteristics of occupants and egress delay time was performed using Pathfinder, and the required safe egress time (RSET) was calculated. By comparing the ASET and RSET, the egress safety of the nursing hospital with or without a smoke exhaust system was evaluated according to the number of egress guides and the egress delay time. The simulation results show that the number of casualties increased as the egress delay time increased, and the required safe egress time decreased as the number of egress guides increased. In addition, it was found that if a smoke exhaust system with the capacity specified in the KFPA is secured, the available safe egress time can be greatly increased and the number of casualties can be greatly reduced.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.7-15
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was conducted with the aim of presenting spatial planning directions for evacuation spaces based on an analysis of the performance of horizontal evacuation during the early stages of fire incidents in a geriatric hospital. Methods: Based on a review of previous studies, the research model was designed by establishing occupancy conditions, evacuation, and fire scenarios. The analysis model was developed by considering vulnerable areas in terms of evacuation movement and analyzing the results of evacuation performance. Furthermore, the study analyzed the improvement in evacuation performance by arranging refuge areas. Results: The results of the study are as follows. Firstly, vulnerability spots were identified in terms of evacuation performance by schematizing Required Safe Egress Time, Available Safe Egress Time, and their differences. Secondly, the Required Safe Egress Time in the adjacent public spaces along the escape routes of occupants was found to be higher compared to the Available Safe Egress Time. Thirdly, the results of the correlation analysis between the difference in Available Safe Egress Time and Required Safe Egress Time during the early stages of a fire, as well as their constituent factors, demonstrated that user congestion is a more significant factor in compromising evacuation safety than the physical changes in the fire condition. Fourthly, the analysis of evacuation time was conducted by designating refuge areas where occupants can evacuate within a sufficient timeframe. This led to a decrease in the Required Safe Egress Time. Implications: This study is expected to be used as data on the direction of evacuation space planning to improve the evacuation performance of Geriatric Hospital.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.72-77
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• 1993

Available Safe Egress Time(ASET) is the time available for occupants to evacuate safely In compartment fire, and It depends on the time of fire detection and hazardous conditions. The purpose of thls study Is to provide an analytical basis and experimental data for estimating the fire growth in compartments and the available safe egress time, and to compare the experimental data with those proposed equations. As a result, hazard order Is poison to CO, descent of smoke layer, poison to $CO_2$, burn to hot smoke layer, and lack of $O_2$, ASET is lengthened in this order. Also, The more fire load is increased, the more ASET is shorted.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.111-120
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• 2021

When a fire occurs in a commercial building, the evacuation route is complicated and the direction of smoke and flame is similar to that of the egress route of occupants, resulting in many casualties. Performance-based evacuation design for buildings is essential to minimize human casualties. In order to apply the performance-based evacuation design to buildings, it requires a complex fire simulation for each building, demanding a large amount of time and manpower. In order to supplement this, it would be very useful to develop an Available Safe Egress Time (ASET) prediction model that can rationally derive the ASET without performing a fire simulation. In this study, the correlations between fire temperature with visibility and toxic gas concentration were investigated through a fire simulation on a commercial building, from which databases for the training of artificial neural networks (ANN) were created. Based on this, an ANN model that can predict the available safe egress time was developed. In order to examine whether the proposed ANN model can be applied to other commercial buildings, it was applied to another commercial building, and the proposed model was found to estimate the available safe egress time of the commercial building very accurately.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.253-260
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• 2015

In this study, using the FDS as the fire simulation and evacuation simulations of the Pathfinder, set the main control room of the building to the fire point fire safety assessment studies were carried out. At first the quantitative result such as distribution of visibility as time passing, distribution of temperature, distribution of CO density produced results using fire-simulation and evacuation-simulation was carried out based on the result that produced the final safety evaluation result as being calculated of evacuation time. As the risk increased with the distribution of visibility at the result of fire-simulation, evacuation-simulation was carried out using the result. Finally the result was made 127.9 sec that everyone could evacuate. The numerical results are analyzed in case of the places in the building required safe egress time for safety a as the analysis to be no more than available safe egress time was analyzed to be secured. The results of this safety evaluation represent that more smooth evacuation safety performance can be secured by linking the event of fire firefighting equipment as a result of simulating the worst conditions.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.2232-2241
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• 2010

A case study of fire risk analysis was conducted for train coach which has no gangway doors between coaches. The analysis boundary was limited to the time of outgoing from the coaches for it was train fire risk analysis. ASET(available safe egress time) and RSET(required safe egress time) methodology was used for calculating the dead. 4 liters of gasoline and cable fire at the electric cabinet and the standard fire of EN 45545 were selected for the fire sources. The fire were considered to be occurred at 3 different locations in the car. The train had 3 cases of driving scenarios. The result of all event was summarized for remained tunnel and station egress step.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 2001

This study aims to improve the Evacuation Performance o( the I)inc()unto-store in underground that is rapidly new shopping store in Korea. In this paper, The architectural properties of the floor plan and section was reviewed with egress focus, occupant load density of the Discount-store was surveyed and the procedure and method of performance based egress design for this occupancy was analysed with SIMULEX model and calculation method. As a result of modeling, more longer available safe egress time (ASET) is expected than required safe egress time (RSET)in underground discount-store. In order to improve the Evacuation Performance for this type occupancy, egress capacity including escape stair, aisle width, escape door is calculated with based on occupant load density and review of shopping cart's structure and size and maximum escape capacity of the cash counter.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.361-366
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 무인운영이 예정되어 있는 경량철도 지하역사 화재 시 안전대책을 강구하기 위하여 다양한 시나리오의 화재상황을 모사하여 FDS 사용코드를 이용해 화재유동현상을 분석하였다. 해석경계조건은 전동차 내부공간을 포함한 지하 3개 층과 설계에 반영된 환기설비를 적용하였으며, 약 500만 개의 격자를 34개 블록으로 나누어 계산하였다. 비상탈출 동선을 파악하여 주요 위치에서 피난경로상의 각 층 바닥으로 부터 1 m 높이의 한계온도와 연기층의 도달시간을 시나리오 별로 분석하여 보았다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.84-90
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• 2019

In this study, a fire and evacuation inside an electronic equipment room in environmental energy facilities were conducted and evaluated using a numerical analysis method. In the fire simulation, the visual distance, temperature distribution, and CO concentration distribution were analyzed using FDS. Based on the results, the Pathfinder program, which is an evacuation simulation, was used to calculate the evacuation time of the occupants and derive an evacuation safety evaluation. As a result, the Available safe Egress time (ASET) of P-01 and P-05 was 203.3 and 398.6 s, respectively. For the Required safety Egress time (RSET) results, all evacuees were evacuated at all points and the safety of the evacuee was secured this simulation showed that the safety evaluation is based on the non - operation of the fire - fighting equipment to improve the safety, making it possible to secure better evacuation safety performance owing to the fire of other fire - fighting facilities.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.43-55
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• 2013

Recently, the research to visualize and to reproduce evacuation situations such as terrorism, the disaster and fire indoor space has been come into the spotlight and designing a model for interior space and reliable analysis through safety evaluation of the life is required. Therefore, this paper aims to develop simulation model which is able to suggest evacuation route guidance and safety analysis by considering the major risk factor of fire in actual building. First of all, we designed 3D-based fire and evacuation model at a subway station building in Incheon and performed fire risk analysis through thermal parameters on the basis of interior materials supplied by Incheon Transit Corporation. In order to evaluate safety of a life, ASET (Available Safe Egress Time), which is the time for occupants to endure without damage, and RSET (Required Safe Egress Time) are calculated through evacuation simulation by Fire Dynamics Simulator. Finally, we can come to the conclusion that a more realistic safety assessment is carried out through indoor space model based on 3-dimension building information and simulation analysis applied by safety guideline for measurement of fire and evacuation risk.