• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.11-15
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• 1999

The discrete state theory on emotion postulated that there existed discrete emotions, such as happiness, anger, fear, disgust, and so forth. Many investigators who emphasized discreteness of emotions have suggested that discrete emotions entailed their specific activities in the autonomic nervous system. The purposes of this study were to develop a model of emotion-specific physiological response patterns. The study postulated six emotions (i.e., happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, fear, and surprise) as the basic discrete emotions. Thirty eight college students participated in the present study. Twelve slides (2 for each emotion category) were presented to the subjects in random order. During resting period of 30 s prior to the presentation of each slide, four presentation of each slide, four physiological measures (EEG, ECG, EDA, and respiration) were recorded to establish a baseline. The same physiological measures were recorded while each slide was being presented for 60 s (producing an emotional sate). Then, the subjects were asked to rate the degree of emotion induced by the slide on semantic differential scales. This procedure was repeated for every slide. Based upon the results, a model of emotion-specific physiological response patterns was developed: four emotion (fear, disgust, sadness, and anger) were classified according to the characteristics of EEG and autonomic responses. However, emotions of happiness and surprise were not distinguished by any combination of the physiological measures employed in this study, suggesting another appropriate measure should be adopted for differentiation.

• Korean Journal of Health Psychology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.277-292
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• 2009

This study investigated the responses of the autonomic nervous system of individuals with Type D personality during an acute stressful situation. Twenty-three female students of Type D personality and 23 female students with non-Type D personality. Stroop Color-Word Task was used to induce a stressful situation, heart rate variability (HRV) was used to measure the responses of the autonomic nervous system during the baseline, acute stress, recovery periods. To analyze the data, the repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare the autonomic nervous system of the Type D group to that of the non-Type D group. Regression analysis is used to determine if the Type D scale and stress vulnerability predicted the activities of the autonomic nervous system during the baseline period. The results of this study demonstrated that the Type D group's normalized low frequency (LF norm) and ratio of low frequency to high frequency (LF/HF ratio) were higher than those for the non-Type D group, while its normalized high frequency (HF norm) was lower than that for the non-Type D group in all three periods. There were no statistically significant differences among the three periods in terms of LF norm, HF norm, and LF/HF ratio in the Type D group. The study demonstrated that the total scores of the Type DS-14 and scores of social inhibition and negative affect were independent predictors of LF norm and HF norm during the baseline. The Type D group showed increased activation of the sympathetic nervous system and/or decreased activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. These results support the hypothesis that the Type D personality is vulnerable to the stress. Also, the highly activated sympathetic and/or lowly activated parasympathetic nervous systems, which were observed in the Type D group during the baseline, indicated that the Type D individual is susceptible to psychosomatic disorders.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.216-221
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• 1999

A mental task combined with noise background is an effective model of laboratory stress for study of psychophysiology of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The intensity of the background noise significantly affects both a subjective evaluation of experienced stress level during test and the physiological responses associated with mental load in noisy environments. Providing tests of similar difficulties we manipulated the background noise intensity as a main factor influencing a psychophysiological outcome and the analyzed reactivity along withe the noise intensity dimension. The goal of this study was to identify the patterns of ANS responses and the relevant subjective stress scores during performance of word recognition tasks on the background of white noise (WN) of the different intensities (55, 70 and 85 dB). Subjects were 27 college students (19-24 years old). BIOPAC, Grass Neurodata System and AcqKnowlwdge 3.5 software were used to record ECG, PPG, SCL, skin temperature, and respiration. Experimental manipulations were effective in producing subjective and physiological responses usually associated with stress. The results suggested that the following potential autonomic mechanisms might be involved in the mediation of the observed physiological responses: A sympathetic activation with parasympathetic withdrawal during mild 55 and 70dB noise (featured by similar profiles) and simultaneous activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic systems during intense 85dB WN. The parasympathetic activation in this case might be a compensatory effect directed to prevent sympathetic domination and to maintain optimal arousal state for the successful performance on mental stress task. It should be mentioned that obtained results partially support Gellhorn's (1960; 1970) "tuning phenomenon" as a possible mechanism underlying stress response.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.24 no.65
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• pp.51-63
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• 2001

The present experiment investigated the possibility of evaluating of the human sensibility contingent on the speed and modes of driving using the responses from the autonomic nervous system, subjective assessments, Simulator Sickness (55) in dynamic simulator. The three conditions of the speed of driving were 40 $\pm$ 10 km/h, 100$\pm$10 km/h, 160 $\pm$ 10 km/h, and the participant was instructed to drive the car for three minutes on the elliptical track. It is programed in such a way that the modes of driving can be changed smoothly using road DB in Dynamic Simulator, and for signifying the change of the condition the road signs were used. The instruction was given to the participant to drive the car on the fixed speed of 20 km/h for 30 seconds, then to drive the car on sudden-start mode of driving from the 20 km/h to 160 km/h within 10 seconds. For the sudden-stop mode of driving, it was instructed that stop the car from the speed of 160km/h to 20km/h within 10 seconds when the subject see the road sign, then drive the car at the fixed speed of 20 km/h for 30 seconds. The results of the subjcetive assessment showed that the level of pleasantness and the tension was increased, and physiological response showed that the level of activity of the autonomic responses were also increased as the speed of the car increased. Also, for results on the driving modes showed that the level of pleasantness was highest for the sudden-stop, next highest was sudden-start, and the lowest was 20 km/h fixed speed condition for the subjective assessment, and tile order of the level of activation of the autonomic nervous system showed the same results as above. From the results of the present study it was concluded that the presentation and evaluation of the stimulus for the human sensitivity is possible in dynamic simulator.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07b
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• pp.991-993
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• 1999

This study proposed a new algorithm to assess autonomic function activity using Time-Frequency Representation(TFR). TFR is a way of describing the time-valiant energy of a signal. A discrete Wigner representation that is capable of filtering out any cross terms occuring in the Wigner-Ville Distribution(WVD) is used for time-variant energy distribution of heart rate variability(HRV) signals. And the marginal condition are evaluated to estimate power spectrum of HRV signals. The proposed algorithm showed that estimated power spectrum of HRV signals well describe the autonomic nerve system function and also showed the dynamics of autonomic nervous system response.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2019

Background: The standardized autonomic function test has become widely available. However, there are no reference data for this test for the Korean population. This study explored reference data for sudomotor and cardiovagal function tests for the Korean population. Methods: The sweat volume by quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test, heart-rate response to deep breathing (HRdb), expiration:inspiration (E:I) ratio, and Valsalva ratio (VR) were measured in 297 healthy Korean volunteers aged from 20 to 69 years. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of age, sex, and body mass index on these variables. The 2.5th, 5th, 10th, 90th, 95th, and 97.5th percentile values were obtained for each investigation. Results: The sweat volume was higher in males than in females. The HRdb and E:I ratio were negatively correlated with age, and were higher in males than in females. The VR was negatively correlated with age, but it was not correlated with sex. Conclusions: This study has provided data on the reference ranges for sudomotor and cardiovagal function tests in healthy Korean adults.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.1 s.15
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• pp.47-52
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• 1974

The isolated rabbit gall bladder strips were prepared according to the technique described by Amer and Becvar (1969). The strips were placed in a bath containing 100 ml of Locke-Ringer solution maintained at $38^{\circ}C$. Oxygen was continuously bubbled through the solution. The tension of the muscle strip was initially adjusted to 0.7g. The contractile response was measured isometrically by a force-displacement transducer connected to a polygraph. The effect of a number of autonomic drugs were studied for their interaction with caerulein (Prof. V. Erspamer, F.I. 6934 Caerulein, Farmitalia, Italia), a gastrin or CCK.PZ like peptide, on isolated rabbit gall bladder strips. In this preparation caerulein produced contractions of CCK-PZ type, but the relative potency on a weight basis was 40 times that of CCK-PZ. The response of caerulein was not modified by either cholinergic or alpha or beta adrenergic blockade. However, the response of caerulein and of barium on the strips were prevented by papaverine or aminophylline. Isoproterenol, papaverine or aminophylline alone relaxed the preparation whereas caerulein, CCK-PZ, acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine or barium chloride contracted the preparation. In summary, it is concluded that caerulein on the gall bladder strip seems to act independently of the autonomic nervous system and mediated via mechanisms apparently similar to those involved in the action of barium chloride.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.15-28
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• 2003

The one of the most important factors is the platoon design on developing AH3(Advanced Highway System), as it is related to traffic efficiency and drivers' safety. This study was evaluated that how much speed is comfortable for drivers and how long distance is appropriate for vehicular gap of platoon by measuring drivers' physiology signal and sensibility. A fixed-based AHS simulator was developed by using a real vehicle cockpit and the restructured part of Korean highway for human factors evaluation. The EEG(electroencephalogram), ECG (electrocardiogram) and GSR(Galvanic Skin Response) were measured for obtaining drivers' physiology signal according to the change of speed and gap. The brain wave(${\alpha},\;{\beta},\;{\delta},\;{\theta}$) by EEG, the response of the autonomic nervous system. the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system, by ECG, and relax-arousal situation by GSR were analyzed. The SD(Semantic Differential) method was also applied to evaluate drivers' sensibility by 5-grade evaluation scale with 96 adjectives. SSQ(Simulator Sickness Questionnaire) was used to measure the simulator sickness of pre and post driving, two times. As the results, drivers were comfortable with 120km/h speed of platoon and lam to 15m vehicular distance. The results of this study may differ from the adaption of the reality because of many parameters. However, the purpose of this study is show to significant results of the drivers' safety and the acceptability of human factors evaluation.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.3-10
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• 2020

This study is aimed at investigating drivers' reactions to yellow signal dilemma situations as a result of the existing signal system, and developing a new signal system. A driver-centered coping model was developed through bio-signal analysis. The driver's physiological response in the existing signal system was observed, and the signal system was developed by applying intersection road driving conditions using a car graphic simulator. Participants were classified into a control group (existing signal system) and an experimental group for a new yellow signal system (new signal system). Based on the results, the emergence of parasympathetic nerves was higher in the experimental group than in the control group, where a statistically significant difference was observed (p < 0.05). The newly developed signal system appeared to cause tension among drivers; however, the sympathetic to parasympathetic nerve ratio was 6: 4, which could be interpreted as an ideal balance. We conclude that drivers can drive more stably if the coping signal system developed in this study is applied to the traffic system.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.1020-1028
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting clinical competence on early stage nurse working in a general hospital. Data were collected by questionnaires on early stage nurses from september 11 to september 30, 2020. Data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis, using SPSS WIN program. The degree of dysmenorrhea was 2.77 points, clinical competence was 3.44 points. Dysmenorrhea was negative correlated with clinical competence(r=-.226, p=.002). Response of autonomic nervous system was identified as factors influencing clinical competence(𝛽=-.261, p= .001). The model explained 22.1% of the variables. These results suggest that we need intervention education program for response of autonomic nervous system in order to improve the clinical competence of early stage nurses.