• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2001

The Keum river has been utilized for drinking water supply of several city including Kunsan city and is deepening pollution state due to numerous municipal and industrial discharges. The concentration BOD in river is affected by the organic loading from a tributary and the algae biomass that largely happen to under eutrophication state. In the eutrophic water mass such as the Keum river, the autochthonous BOD was very important part for making a decision of water quality management, because it was accounted for majority of the total BOD. The predict of water quality has important meaning for management of water quality pollution of the Keum river. The purpose of this study will manage and predict water quality of the Keum river using QUAL-2E model considering the autochthonous BOD. The estimation of autochthonous BOD represented that the relationship between BOD and chlorophyll a. The regression equation was shown to be autochthonous BOD=$\beta$(sub)5$\times$chlorophyll a. The results of this study may be summarized as followed; The QUAL-2E model was calibrated with the data surveyed in the field of the study area in June, 1998. The calculated value by QUAL-2E model are in good agree to measured value within relative error of 7.80~20.33%. Especially, in the case of the considering autochthonous BOD, the calculated value of BOD were fairly good coincided with the observed values within relative error of 15%. But the case of not considering autochthonous BOD, relative error of BOD was shown to be 43.2%. In order to attain II grade of water quality standard in Puyo station which has a intake facility of water supply, we reduced to the pollutants loading of tributaries. In the case of removed 100% BOD of tributaries, the BOD of Puyo station was 4.07mg/$\ell$, belong to III grade of water quality standard. But in the case of removed 88% nutrient of tributaries, it was satisfied to II grade of water quality standard as below 3mg/$\ell$ of BOD. For estimation of autochthonous BOD in Keum river, we are performed simulating in accordance with reduction of nutrient load(50~100%) under conditions removal 90% organic load. Occupancy of autochthonous BOD according to nutrient loading reductions were varied from 25.97~79.51%. Occupancy of autochthonous BOD was shown to be a tendency to increasing in accordance with reduction of nutrient loading. Showing the above results, the nutrient that one of the growing factor of algae was important role in decision of BOD in the Keum river. For the water quality management of the Keum river, therefore, it is necessary to considering autochthonous BOD and to construction of advanced sewage treatment plant for nutrient removal.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.263-269
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• 1995

낙동강 하구를 대상해역으로하여 자생COD 농도를 구하기 위해 3가지 방법을 적용하고, 각 방법간의 적용성을 평가한 실험으로부터 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 낙동강 하구 해역의 부영양화도 평가 지수는 5.0-111.0로 부영양화 기준 지수 1을 훨씬 초과하여 과영양단계에 있는 것으로 나타났다. 낙동강 하구 조사해역의 총COD중 자생COD 비는 $0.5-44.9\%$의 범위였으며, 계절별로는 하계에 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. 지점별로는 하계에 정점 6에서 평가방법 평균 $43.5\%$로 가장 높은 비율을 나타내었다. 염분농도를 이용한 평가법은 낙동강 하구에서 하구언의 수문조작에 따른 하천수의 부정기적인 유입으로 인해 자생COD를 평가 하기에 부적절한 방법이었다 $\Delta COD$법과 COD와 Chl.a와의 상관성을 이용해 자생COD농도를 평가하는 방법은 하계 전조사해역에서 상대오차 $20\%$이내의 값을 보여 낙동강 하구 해역의 자생COD평가를 위한 적절한 방법임을 알 수 있다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.119-127
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• 2001

The Keum river is one of the important river in Korea and has a drainage area of 9,873$\textrm{km}^2$. The Keum river is deepening pollution state due to development of the lower city and construction of a industrial complex. The water quality of the Keum river come to eutrophication state and belong to III grade of water quality standard. The concentration BOD in river is affected by the organic loading from a tributary and the algae biomass that largely happen to under eutrophication state. In the eutrophic water mass such as the Keum river, the autochthonous BOD was very important part for making a decision of water quality management, because it was accounted for majority of the total BOD. The purpose of this study was to survey the chatacteristics of water quality in summer and to estimate reaction coefficient. Also, we studied to correlationship between chlorophyll a and BOD(COD) for estimation of the autochthonous BOD. The correlationship between chlorophyll a and BOD(COD) were obtained through the culture experiment of phytoplankton in the laboratory. The results of this study may be summarized as follows ; The characteristics of water quality in summer were belong to III~IV grade of water quality standard as BOD and nutritive condition is very high. The BOD, ammonia nitrogen and phosphate loadings in Miho stream which inflowing untreated sewage from Chungju city was occupied with 64.07%, 26.36%, 46.08%, respectively. Maximum nutrient uptake (Vmax) was 0.4400$\mu$M/hr as substrate of ammonia nitrogen, 0.1652$\mu$M/hr as substrate of phosphate. Maximum specific growth rate ($\mu$max) was 1.2525$hr^{-1}$ as substrate of ammonia nitrogen, 1.5177$hr^{-1}$ as substrate of phosphate. The correlation coefficient between chlorophyll a and BOD by the culture experiment were found to be 0.911~0.935 and 0.942~0.947 in the case adding nutrient and no adding nutrient, respectively. The correlation coefficient between chlorophyll a and COD through the culture experiment were found to be 0.918~0.977 and 0.880~0.931 in the case adding nutrient and no adding nutrient, respectively. The autochthonous BOD(COD) was estimated to the relationship between BOD(COD) and chlorophyll a. The regression equation were found to be autochthonous BOD=(0.045~0.073)${\times}chlorophyll$ a and autochthonous $COD=(0.137~0.182){\times}chlorophyll$ a.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.16.1-16.14
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• 2019

Two dietary experiments were performed to evaluate the impact of the herb Mentha piperita as a dietary supplement on Catla catla. In Experiment 1, fingerlings (0.45-2.60 g) were fed on diets supplemented with M. piperita at different levels (P1, P2, P3, and P4 at 2, 4, 6, and $8g\;Kg^{-1}$ of feed) and C1 served as the control with no peppermint supplementation. In Experiment 2, fingerlings (0.40-3.15 g) were fed with diets containing autochthonous probiotic bacteria Bacillus coagulans (3000 colony forming unit $g^{-1}$) along with M. piperita (PP1-PP4 at 2, 4, 6, and $8g\;Kg^{-1}$ of feed) and feed C2 served as control containing probiotics but no peppermint. Significantly (P < 0.05) high values of growth parameters, digestive enzyme activities, low reed conservation ratio, low excretion of ammonia, and orthophosphates were observed in fingerlings fed with P3 for Experiment 1 and PP3 for Experiment 2. Hematological counts, phagocytic activity, and respiratory burst activity were also enhanced in fingerlings fed with M. piperita supplementation revealing that dietary administration of peppermint at optimum level can enhance the growth, digestibility, and immunity of C. catla fingerlings; however, incorporation of B. coagulans showed better growth and immunity revealing that synergistic effects of M. piperita and autochthonous probiotic in C. catla diets can lead to its sustainable aquaculture.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.413-424
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• 2013

오염발생부하량을 억제하고 환경 친화적으로 지역을 개발할 수 있는 유역중심의 수질관리정책으로 수질오염 총량관리제를 도입하게 되었다. 하지만 총량 관리제의 시행에도 불구하고 낙동강 주요지천인 남강 하류부의 수질이 2005년 이후 지속적으로 악화되고 있는 실정이다. 남강 하류수계는 주변의 도시와 산업지역에 비점오염원이 산재하고, 하류수계의 물의 흐름이 더욱 완만해짐에 따라 수질 악화가 가속화되고 부영양화 현상이 발생되고 있다. 부영양화된 수역에서 BOD 농도는 유역으로부터 발생한 미처리 하수가 수역으로 유입되는 영향도 있지만 하천내에서 미처리된 영양염을 이용한 식물플랑크톤의 생산에 의해 공급되는 자생 BOD의 영향도 크게 작용한다. 남강하류의 수질관리를 위해서 유입 BOD와 자생 BOD의 기여도를 파악하여 오염 원인물질을 줄이기 위한 수질관리 방안이 설정되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 조류생산 및 사멸에 의한 내부생산 유기물 증가를 고려하도록 국내에서 개발된 QUALKO2와 미국 EPA의 QUAL2E를 이용하여 자생 BOD의 영향을 분석하였다. QUALKO2 모형에서Chl.a의 영향을 받는 구간에서 BOD 농도가QUAL2E 모형의 BOD 농도보다 증가하고, 실측값과의 상관관계를 분석해 본 결과 QUALKO2 모형에서 상관관계가 높게 나타났다. 남강 하류의 수질악화 문제를 해결하기 위하여 댐 방류량의 증가와 하수처리장 방류수질 개선 등에 의한 Chl,a의 저감 방안을 모색하여 자생 BOD를 관리할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.959-971
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• 2007

The three-dimensional eco-hydrodynamic model was applied to estimate the autochthonous COD caused by production of phytoplankton in Jinhae Bay. A residual current was simulated, using a hydrodynamic model, to have a sightly complicated pattern in the inner part of the bay, ranging from 0.001 to 5 cm/s. In the outer part of the bay, the simulated current flowed out to the south sea with a southward flow at a maximum of 25 cm/s. The results of the ecological model simulation of COD levels showed high concentrations, exceeding 4 mg/L, in the inner bay of Masan, an area of wastewater discharge, and lower levels, approaching less than 1 mg/L, closer to the outer part of the bay. The simulation results of Autochthonous COD by two methods using ecological modeling, showed high ratio over 70% of total COD. Therefore, it is more important to consider nutrients than organic matters in the region for control COD standard.

• 한국환경과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경과학회 1996년도 봄 학술발표회 초록집
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• pp.11-12
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• 1996

• 대한수의사회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.317-322
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• 1977

[ $C_{3}H$ ] 생쥐의 피부를 조금 떼어내서 조직배양을 하며 배양액중 3, 4-benzpyrene을 첨명하여 종양조직으로 진화시킨 다음, 알카리로 처리하여 enhancing factor를 법한 후에 adjuvant와 함께 원래 피부를 제공했던 생쥐의 복강내에 주사하면, 3,4-banzpyrene의 피하주사에 의한 발암작용을 미리 방지할 수 있었다. 상기의 실험성적을 토대로 하여 저자는 암에 대한 vaccine,의 개발이 가능한 것이라고 고찰한다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.212-215
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• 2003

한약재 및 식품으로의 개발가능성이 높지만 현재 멸종위험에까지 처해있는 천문동의 체계적 보호 및 보존을 위하여 자생지 분포특성조사와 유전자원을 수집한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 서해안(충남 이남)과 남해안, 동해안(경북 이남)의 45개 지역을 중심으로 유전자원의 분포특성 조사를 실시하였으며 자생이 확인된 26지역으로부터 천문동 자생종을 수집하였다. 2. 자생지분포 조사 결과 섬을 제외한 육지부 천문동 자생지는 북위 $36^{\circ}15'$ (충남 보령군 남포면 월전리 죽도) 이남의 서해안으로부터 동경 $128^{\circ}02'$ (경남 사천시 실안동 강포) 이서의 남해안이었다. 3. 천문동은 해안선에 주로 분포하고, 자생지 주요 식생은 소나무가 우점 하였다. 4.자생지 천문동의 생육상황은 햇볕의 투과정도가 좋을수록 지하부 생장량이 많았다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.545-549
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• 2013

A 12-year-old spayed female mixed-bred dog presented with nasal bleeding of 2 days duration and a skin nodule in the left flank. No abnormalities were found in coagulation profiles and blood pressure. Cytological evaluation of the nodule revealed numerous characteristic round organisms having a nucleus and a bar within macrophages and in the background, consistent with leishmaniasis. In vitro culture was unsuccessful but PCR of the nodular aspirate identified the organisms as Leishmania infantum, and the final diagnosis was canine leishmaniasis. No history of travel to endemic countries was noted. Because the dog had received a blood transfusion 2 years before the illness, serological screening tests were performed in all donor dogs of the commercial blood bank using the commercial Leishmania ELISA test kit, and there were no positive results. Additional 113 dogs with hyperglobulinemia from Seoul were also screened with the same kits but no positive results were obtained. To the best of the author's knowledge this is the first autochthonous case of canine leishmaniasis in Korea.