• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.246-254
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• 2017

Purpose: Previous studies have reported that action observation training has beneficial effects on enhancing the motor task, such as balance and gait functions. On the other hand, there have been few studies combined with action observation training and auditory feedback. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of action observation training with auditory feedback on the gait function in stroke patients with hemiparesis Methods: A total of 24 inpatients with post-stroke hemiparesis were assigned randomly to either an experimental group 1 (EG 1, n=8), experiment group 2 (EG 2, n=8), control group (CG, n=8, EG 1). The EG 2 and CG watched video clip demonstrating three functional walking tasks with auditory feedback, without auditory feedback, and showing a landscape image, respectively. The exercise program consisted of 30 minutes, five times a week, for four weeks. The participants were measured to 10MWT (10 m walk test), 6MWT (6 minutes walking distance test), TUG (timed up and go test), DGI (dynamic gait index), time and steps of F8WT (figure-of-8 walk test). Results: In the intra-group comparison after the intervention, EG 1 and EG 2 showed a significantly different gait function (10MWT, 6MWT, DGI, TUG, F8WT) (p<0.05). In the inter-group comparison after intervention, EG 1 showed significant improvements in the entire gait parameters and EG 2 only showed significant improvement in DGI and TUG compared to CG (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings show that action observation training with auditory feedback may be used beneficially for improving the gait function of stroke patients with hemiparesis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3 s.116
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• pp.23-31
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• 2006

Multi-sensory design results from sensory design paradigm and image centricism, which stimulates 5 sensation; visual, auditory, haptic, smell and taste sensation when we experience environment. This is helpful for designing outdoor space considering integrated sensation not only visual and auditory sensation as well as for improving visitor's satisfaction. Therefore, this study mainly intended to analyse the multi-sensory preference and the image influence of outdoor leisure space. For these purpose, this study selected 3 leisure spaces around Seoul city; Gwan-ak mountain(the type oriented natural resource), Insa-dong(the type oriented cultural resource) and Seoul land as theme park(the type oriented facility) and a survey was performed with a total of 204 visitors at the above spaces in winter and summer. The results of this study indicate that visual sensation was evaluated most high at 3 outdoor leisure spaces in both winter and summer. Visitors at Gwan-ak mountain and Seoul land prefer visual and haptic sensation, but visitors at Insa-dong prefer visual and haptic sensation in summer, visual and taste sensation in winter. Above all, this study led the designer to consider diverse sensation to access leisure space, especially haptic sense, which can be an effective design strategy to satisfy visitors.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.87-101
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• 2005

Jazz derived from the blacks' work songs and made the frame of Jazz reaching blues and finally arrived at the recent time propagating itself as not only the blacks' music but all human being's music. This study has a purpose to suggest the Jazz image to the fashion design by examining the historical trace of Jazz which is one of popular music received by hearing sense. As for the result of the Jazz's effects by age, rhythmical beauty stressing dresses were in fashion by dance enjoying women in 1920's and dresses giving a mature atmosphere set the fashion in 1930's. in the beginning of 1990's, newly emerging Jazz was reflected to the popular culture along with the historical mode's fashion in the general society. The design's decided with two themes of Jazz Classic and Neo Fusion to modernly and naturally express the pursuit of strong color contrast which associated fast rhythm and lax image such as the counter melody of smooth Jazz. In that result, Jazz image with auditory feelings could suggest the various design motive and new idea to fashion design.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.506-512
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• 2006

시각적인 정보전달이 어려운 상황에서의 대상인식, 혹은 시각장애인의 대상인식에 있어서 소리는 어느 정도의 역할을 할 수 있을까? 이 연구는 소리를 통해 대상의 형태정보를 전달하기 위해 진행되었다. 하나의 음(musical tone)을 음높이와 음색, 지속시간을 조정한 후, 머리전달함수(Head-Related Transfer Function: HRTF)를 이용하여 수평선, 수직선, 대각선, 곡선의 형태로 운동하는 3-D 사운드 형태소로 만들었다. 그리고 이들의 연속적인 조합을 통해 단순한 도형에서부터 복잡한 도형, 이들 2차원상의 도형을 단면으로 하는 3차원상의 도형들까지 그려내는 소리자극을 구성하였다. 성인 대학생을 대상으로 한 실험에서, 이렇게 만들어진 청각이미지(auditory image)를 듣고 표상된 형태를 여러 개의 시각적인 이미지들(visual images) 중에서 선택하는 과제를 실시하였는데, 실험 결과는 평균 78%의 정확율을 보였다. 이는 소리를 이용한 형태정보 전달의 가능성이 있음을 시사하는 것이며, 이러한 시도는 청각 인터페이스의 응용범위를 확장하는데 도움이 될 것이다.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.1
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• pp.95-123
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• 1999

The goal of this research is a visual and auditory tool development enabling designers to have the same emotional value with users in the process of user centered design. Through the research, we intend to show the aid measure for making cognitive gaps narrow between users and designer in the process of transforming and understanding the emotional needs as a verbal image. because In the business practice of design, most of tools and techniques for assessment and analysis of emotional needs are those used usually in the marketing fields. So the information generated and transformed from users to designers have a form of physical words. When the designer's understanding of the emotional needs is considered as a product mediated communication process, the morphologic and cognitive information gaps become obvious. This difference could be a false basis in designing with emotional user needs. So the alternative needs assessment sub-tools of visual and auditory information form was embodied mainly for designer's cognitive gaps and inter-cultural emotional needs assessment. As the method of embodiment, Firstly, adjectives related to emotion were classified in their cognitive dimension. Secondly, visual and auditory data were extracted, and then the relativity verified. Finally, the practicality and effectiveness were tested through the database generation. In view of the results so far achieved, 1. We could find being of the big information cognitive gaps in the verbal assessment of emotional needs between designers and users. 2. With the visual and auditory assessment tool, we could make the big cognitive gaps narrower than we expected. 3. Also, we could find the chance that the fidelity, recognition, and friendliness of design for emotional user needs would become better.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.15-20
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• 2016

When a virtual sound source for 3D auditory system is reproduced by a linear loudspeaker array, listeners can perceive not only the direction of the source, but also its distance. Control over perceived distance has often been implemented via the adjustment of various acoustic parameters, such as loudness, spectrum change, and the direct-to-reverberant energy ratio; however, there is a neglected yet powerful cue to the distance of a nearby virtual sound source that can be manipulated for sources that are positioned away from the listener's median plane. This paper address the problem of generating binaural signals for moving sources in closed or in open environments. The proposed perceptual enhancement algorithm composed of three main parts is developed: propagation, reverberation and the effect of the head, torso and pinna. For propagation the effect of attenuation due to distance and molecular air-absorption is considered. Related to the interaction of sounds with the environment, especially in closed environments is reverberation. The effects of the head, torso and pinna on signals that arrive at the listener are also objectives of the consideration. The set of HRTF that have been used to simulate the virtual sound source environment for 3D auditory system. Special attention has been given to the modelling and interpolation of HRTFs for the generation of new transfer functions and definition of trajectories, definition of closed environment, etc. also be considered for their inclusion in the program to achieve realistic binaural renderings. The evaluation is implemented in MATLAB.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2003

To evaluate the usefulness if functional MR imaging(MRI) for the determination of language dominance system and to assess differences in the visual and auditory instrument language generation task according to activation task or activated area. Functional maps of the language area were obtained during visual and auditory instructions in word generation tasks in 6 healthy volunteer with right-handness were examined on a 1.5T scanner and the EPI BOLD technique, and three pulse sequence technique get of the true axial planes. Both task consisted of 96 phases including 6 activations and rests contents. Postprocessing were done on MRDx program by using cross correlation method. Two task compare the blain activation area surveyed of 1anguage lateralization index. To evaluated of the detection rates of Broca. Wernicke, pre-frontal lobe, Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) and pre-motor cortex areas and the differences of language lateraliaztion among two word generation task To lateralization index survey in 1anguage area on right and left in brain get to activation area pixel in brain. Compared to visual and auditory instrument task in the language areas get to the lateralization index. Two language generation task high detection rates of Broca and Wernicke areas. The visual instruction no detected in the auditory area, and auditory instruction no detected in the visual area. There was statistics significant different of them among language generation task. 1'his indicated that language area obtained image of the brain functional MR imaging usefulness in the visual and auditory task instrument.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.1201-1206
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• 2009

According to a lot of investigations, distance perception is influenced by many important cues such as sound pressure level, reflections from the room surface, binaural difference (ITD and ILD), a kind of sound source, and head related transfer functions (HRTF). Two psychoacoustical experiments on auditory distance perception were conducted to examine the effectiveness of the sound pressure level loudness as one of the physical cues in the auditory distance perception under a constant loudspeaker's output level and a constant sound level at the subject's position in the absence of reflections in an anechoic room. Our experimental results showed that the perceived distance of sound image is closer than actual sound source distance with the constant loudspeaker's output level and the constant sound level. Futhermore, the perceived distance of a sound image with constant sound level increased when the actual distance increases up to approximately 2 m while the perceived distance saturated when the sound source distance exceed 2 m. On the other hand, when the condition of loudspeaker's output level was kept constantly, the perceived distance of sound image increased up to around 3m, longer than the conditions of constant sound level at the subject's position. We found that the change in the loudness as a function of distance plays an important role in the auditory distance perception in the absence of reflections..

• The Journal of Korean Society for Neurotherapy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.7-10
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• 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of brain activity during action observation training and image training throughout EEG. Methods This study was participated 1 healthy college student without mental illness or cognitive impairment. The subject was randomly selected from university students and was interested in participating in the experiment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the visual and auditory stimuli (action observation) and brain image training. Results The results of our study, EEG value measured o.1 during resting. But brain activity changed to 0.3 during action observation. Finally, it changed to .05 after brain image training. Conclusion EEG measurement results were showed that after watching the Ball squat video, Brain activity increased.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.101-105
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• 2020

In this study, we are going to discuss the role of sound, which exists as the background of a movie scene, and the relationship between seeing and hearing. In order to analyze the form in which the scene and sound are matched, the visual content of the image must be analyzed first. In this study, we analyzed Stanley Kubrick's film . Generally, there are both visual and auditory features in the scene of the movie. In some cases, the sound is emphasized more than the scene, and the scene is emphasized more than the sound. In particular, the sound in movies enables a wider imagination and a three-dimensional experience. Images and sounds will have different meanings and effects depending on the purpose of use. By analyzing the correlation between visual scene and auditory sound based on the role sound plays in the film in this study, we would like to confirm that sound is one essential element that has the role of equivalent and independent expression, not the role of assisting images.