• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 1999

목적 : 현대는 의료의 결정단계에 있어서 환자들의 보다 적극적인 참여요구와 자신의 삶에 관한 모든 것을 조절하고 결정한다는 개인의 권리에 대한 주장이 강조되고 있다. 특히 말기 질환에 대해서는 다양한 윤리 문제들이 사회적 관심의 초점이 되고 있다. 이에 저자는 임종진료에 대한 대학생들의 태도와 의사 결정에 영향을 미치는 요인 등을 분석함으로서 말기환자 관리에 도움이 되고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법 : 1997년 6월 소극적 안락사에 대한 찬반여부, 호스피스에 대한 인식도, 임종에 대한 견해 등을 대학생 450명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였고 337명(74.9%)이 설문에 응했다. 결과 : 수동적 안락사를 찬성한 대학생은 213명(63.2%)이 찬성하였다. 종교가 없는 대학생에서 안락사 찬성률이 높았다(70.5% 대 56.9%, P<0.05). 호스피스를 정확히 이해하고 있었던 대학생은 48명(14.2%)에 불과했다. 호스피스를 알게된 경로로는 텔레비전 43%, 책 33.5%, 종교단체 12% 등의 순이었다. 임종장소로는 76.5%가 집을 선호했고, 임종시 배우자가 같이 있어주기를 원했으며(51.6%), 미지의 세계에 대한 두려움이 가장 컸다(41.5%). 결론 : 안락사에 관해서는 약 2/3가 찬성하였으며 호스피스에 대한 인식도는 낮았다. 죽음을 앞둔 말기환자가 남은 여생동안 인간으로서의 존엄성과 높은 삶의 질을 유지하면서 삶의 마지막 수간을 평안하게 맞이하도록 도와주는 호스피스에 대한 지속적이고 적극적인 홍보와 호스피스병원과 병상확보 등 조직적이고 체계적인 노력이 필요하다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.162-178
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• 1974

The present study is purported to provide a basic information to be utilized by nurses to care and attend effectively for patients nearing the moment of death. Therefore, the primary purpose of the study has been placed upon grasping an understanding of the trends of death in general. For this purpose: 1. By utilizing the schneidman questionnaire, the trend of death has been categorized by 6 parts and analyzed. 2. A search has been conducted to find out dying patient's needs, nurse's attitudes viewed by the patient, and nurse attitudes to dying patient. The followings are itemized results of analysis: 1. Analysis by the schneidman questionnaire. (1) In general concepts of death. the first sighting of the occurrence of death was experienced upon strangers, grandfather and great grandfather. The death is openly discussed among people of all ages and sex. Ages in which the death is mostly feared were from 12 to well over 70 yews old that are evenly distributed regardless of difference in age. (2) As to the attitudes toward death the occurrence of death to most closely associated person influenced most upon the attitude of their own termination of lives. Among the reading materials, the maximum influence was effected by the Bible. In terms of religion, the thoughts of death were Influenced by religions education in case of the believers of the western religions (36%), and by their own health and physical conditions in case of the believers in the oriental religions (35%). In case of non-believer, their attitude toward death were largely determined through their own thinking meditation (45%). People aged 20 or thereunder revealed that they wished to know the day of their own death to be occurred (58%). However, the older the less thor wanted to know. (3) As to the choosing the time of death, 57% preferred senility, and 30% preferred the time in mediately following the prime period of their lives in general. In terms of religion, 85% of the believer in the oriental religion preferred senility, and 67% in the western religion, 58% in others, Therefore. the desiring of their lives to be terminated in earlier stage, not by the natural senility. sequenced as follows : Others, western religions and oriental religions. (4) Referring to the disposal of the corpse under the assumption that it had already occurred, majority desired the burial system. There has been seen a slight tendency to consider the importance of holding funeral services for the sake of survivors. Concerning the life insurance policy, it showed that the nurse had less belief in it than the patient (5) Upon the subject of life-after-death. religion wise, 72% of western religion believers preferred to have an existence of life-after-death: Among the believers of oriental regions, 35% desired this category, 30% did not mind either way. and 35% did not desire the existence of such a life-after-death. In others, 53% did not mind whether or not such a life existed. (6) In general, serious thoughts were not being attended to the commitment of suicide. 37% emphasized that such an act should be prevented. However, 30% insisted that such commitment should not be bothered, and that society possesses no right to prevented it. More male wished to commit suicide (13%) than females (9%). 2. Nurse's attitudes toward terminal patients and patient's needs. In the instance where the patient realized that their death is imminent, most of them showed desire to discuses mainly on the problems of life. When faced a situation of this nature, it is revealed that 40% of nurses could not furnish appropriate care for them.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2001

목적 : 본 연구는 자원봉사자에 의해서만 호스피스 활동이 이루어지고 있는 W병원의 호스피스 활동을 확대시키고 체계화시키기 위한 목적으로 1단계 호스피스 자원봉사자의 활동분석에 이은 2단계 연구로서 직원들의 호스피스 프로그램에 대한 태도를 조사한 서술연구이다. 방법 : 연구대상자는 W병원의 의사, 간호사, 의료 관련기사, 사무직 등 전체 1200여명의 직원에서 각 직종별 층화표집법을 이용하여 임의표출된 430명이다. 자료수집은 본 연구자들이 개발한 질문지를 이용한 자가보고법에 의하여 수행되었으며, 자료분석은 SPSS를 이용한 서술통계와 내용분석법을 이용하였다. 결과 : 1) 호스피스 개념에 대한 이해를 조사한 결과 대상자의 97% (n=417)가 호스피스에 대해 알고 있었고, 97.4%(n=419)가 죽음을 앞둔 환자들은 존귀한 대접을 받아야한다고 응답한다. 또한 호스피스팀 구성요원에 대한 의견조사 결과 가족(57%), 의사(17.9%), 성직자(9.5%), 간호사(7.9%)가 포함되어야 한다고 응답하였으며 이외에도 사회사업가, 자원봉사자, 물리치료사등 다양하게 응답하였다. 2) 호스피스 프로그램 운영에 대한 태도를 조사한 결과 W병원의 체계적인 호스피스 프로그램 운영을 위하여 최우선적으로 이루어져야 할 활동은 "호스피스 전담부서를 만든다"가 31.4%(n=135)로 가장 높았으며, 다음은 "호스피스 전담병동을 만든다"로 28.6%(n=123)였다. 또한 현재 자원봉사자에 의한 W 병원의 호스피스활동 인지도는 대상자의 67.2%(n=289)만이 알고 있었으며, 반면에 호스피스 서비스 이용 의도는 85.3%(n=367)로 나타났다. 호스피스 프로그램 운영시 장점은 '기독교 정신을 바탕으로 한 인간존중의 병원사명 구현'이 45%로 가장 높은 분포를 보였다. 3) 말기환자에 대한 태도를 조사한 결과 죽음에 대한 태도(4점척도)를 조사한 결과 평균 2.84점(SD=.471) 이었으며, 말기환자들의 병원입원 치료이외에 필요로 되는 서비스는 '종교, 가족, 환자간 지지체계의 구축'이 28.3%로 가장 높은 분포를 나타냈다. 결론 : 본 연구결과 W병원 직원 대부분은 체계적인 호스피스 활동의 필요성을 인식하고 있으며 이를 위하여 최우선으로 필요한 것은 호스피스 활동을 위한 행정구조적 지원임을 알 수 있다. 그러므로 본 연구결과는 W병원의 호스피스 프로그램을 계획하고 추진하는데 기초자료로 활용될수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.143-162
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• 1998

This is a study for the construction of nursing care based upon the Korean attitude toward medicine. Factors which were investigated include the source of nursing care, the reason for choosing care, the type of heath care chosen, the accessability of caregivers, and the desired location of death. The population examined in this study consisted of 517 adults distributed in six large cities and 191 adults from five rural communities. Data was analyzed using frequency, percent, Cronbach alpha, $X^2$ - test, t - test, F - test and scheffe post hoc contrast with an SAS program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Among sources of nursing care used, first rank rated-pharmacy(54.4), private hospital(18.2), general hospital(8.4), folk remedies in house (5.0), chinese hospital(2.8), prayer(2.8) and others(8.4), and the reasons for choosing nursing care rated 'the easiest method' (63.6), 'the best method'(15.7), 'reliable'(10.8) and 'lower cost burden'(4.6) in order of preference. 2. The type of nursing care chosen rated western medicine(6.80), chinese medicine(6.15), folk remedies(5.46), faith remedies(3.51) and divination remedies (1.41). There were significant differences in the effect recognition degree to various kinds of medicine. 3. The difference of the type of nursing care chosen according to general characteristics showed that urban residents were higher than rural community residents(t=2.15, p=0.0320) in western medicine, and urban residents, women, and singles were higher than rural community residents(t=2.04, p=0.0414), men (t= -2.89, p=0.0039), and married(t=2.50, p= 0.0126) on folk remedies. With repect to age and education those 21-30, under 20 and 31-40, graduated from college and graduate school were higher than above 51, above 61 (F = 7.76, p = 0.0001), graduated from elementary school(F=4.39, p=0.0006) on folk remedies. In other categories, rural community residents, women, younger people. Christians were higher than urban residents ( t = -2.73, p=0.0305), men(t= -4.15, p=0.0001), older people (F=2.48, p=0.0307), Catholic, Buddhist, or atheist (F= 70.18, p=0.0001) on faith remedies. Those graduated from high school and Buddhist were higher than unschooled, graduated from middle school(F=3.18, p= 0.0075), atheist, Catholic or Christian(F=18.32, p=0.0001) on divination redemies. There were significant differences concerning age and education level. 4. The accessibility of caregivers rated 'caregivers should be nearby if the patients need them' (50.0), 'caregivers must be there all day (24 hours)' (39.6), 'caregivers must be there at night only'(5.0), 'caregivers must be there during the day only'(2.6), 'caregivers always should visit during visiting hours' 0.4), 'caregivers don't need to be there at all' (1.2). The frist rank of suitable caregivers were rated as spouse(66.6), mother(24.2), daughter (3.6), daughter-in-law(1.9), and the reasons of thinking thus were rated as 'the most comfortable' (81.5), 'people should correctly with regards to family they'(7.1), 'the easiest' (5.4), 'take good care of the patient' (5.1) and 'lower cost burden' (0.4). 5. The desired location of death rated as the following: his/her house (91. 6) to the hospital(8. 4). A person going to encounter death in the hospital wanted his house(78.5) over the hospital(21.5), and a person dieing in the hospital prefered his house(52.9) over the hospital(47.1) as a funeral ceremony place. The following suggestions are made based on the above results. 1. A sampling method that enhances the re presentativeness should be used in regional and/or national related research and replicated to confirm the result of this study. 2. This study should be used to understand the Korean view of medical centers and to meet the expectations of patients in Korean nursing. 3. Research on the Korean traditional view of humans and expectations of the sick, health and illness, and health behavior, the perception of dying, the decision to heal, and the view of general medicine should continue to be conducted continuosly so that Korean nursing theory can be advanced on these concepts.