• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.82-92
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• 2006

In the field of image recognition, research on face recognition has recently attracted a lot of attention. The most important step in face recognition is automatic eye detection researched as a prerequisite stage. Existing eye detection methods for focusing on the frontal face can be mainly classified into two categories: active infrared(IR)-based approaches and image-based approaches. This paper proposes an eye region detection method in non-frontal faces. The proposed method is based on the edge--based method that shows the fastest computation time. To extract eye region in non-frontal faces, the method uses edge orientationhistogram of the global region of faces. The problem caused by some noise and unfavorable ambient light is solved by using proportion of width and height for local information and relationship between components for global information in approximately extracted region. In experimental results, the proposed method improved precision rates, as solving 3 problems caused by edge information and achieves a detection accuracy of 83.5% and a computational time of 0.5sec per face image using 300 face images provided by The Weizmann Institute of Science.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2002

The Cultural Revolution(wenhuadageming) is one of the most important political movement in the modem China. The studies on the movement done in recent years concentrated on the political conspiracy or the struggle over political line, so they did not pay attention to the political geographical dimension of the movement. This paper proposes that the Cultural Revolution practised in the area of minority nationalities at least is well understood through the political geographical perspective. Through the discussion on the Cultural Revolution practised in the Inner Mongolia autonomous district and the Oroqen minority nationality autonomous banner, this paper suggest that the socialist Chinese leader group considers the frontier area(bianjiang) or the minority nationality regions(xiaoshuminzudiqu) important as 'region' or 'space' not as 'the area of minority nationalities (minzu)'. Especially, in the period of the movement, the leader group of the revolution manipulated the space by using the index of nationality or manipulated the nationality by using the index of space. Therefore this paper assert that the Cultural Revolution in the area of minority nationality autonomous region was a integration process of the people and national territory through the reorganization of the nationalities into classes and of autonomous region into region in general meaning.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2008

This study conducted 6 times of roadkill investigations in national road 121 km (about 10%) of Chungcheongnam-do. As a result of the investigation, 94 individuals were found dead on the road. The roadkill statuses by construction of road were 44 times (1.13 times/km) at two traffic lanes, 1 time (1.90 times/km) at three lanes, and 23 times (0.35 times/km) at four traffic lanes. Also, land use on the frequency of roadkill were 26 times between mountain region and cultivated land, 25 times between cultivated land and cultivated land, and 20 times between mountain region and mountain region. So, particular attention is needed at the construction and facilities of road to reduce roadkill.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.132-142
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• 2014

Stereo camera is drawing attention as an essential sensor for future intelligence robot system since it has the advantage of acquiring not only distance but also other additive information for an object. However, it cannot match correlated point on target image for low textured region or periodic patterned region such as wall of building or room. In this paper, we propose a stereo matching technique that increase the matching performance by fusing belief propagation stereo matching algorithm and local distance measurements of 2D-laser range finder in order to overcome this kind of limitation. The proposed technique adds laser measurements by referring quad-tree based segment information on to the local-evidence of belief propagation stereo matching algorithm, and calculates compatibility function by reflecting over-segmented information. Experimental results of the proposed method using simulation and real test images show that the distance information for some low textured region can be acquired and the discontinuity of depth information is preserved by using segmentation information.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.277-291
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• 2012

Aquaculture is challenged by a number of constraints with future efforts towards sustainable production. Global climate change has a potential damage to the sustainability by changing environmental surroundings unfavorably. The damaging parameters identified are water temperature, sea level, surface physical energy, precipitation, solar radiation, ocean acidification, and so on. Of them, temperature, mostly temperature elevation, occupies significant concern among marine ecologists and aquaculturists. Ocean acidification particularly draws shellfish aquaculturists' attention as it alters the marine chemistry, shifting the equilibrium towards more dissolved CO2 and hydrogen ions ($H^+$) and thus influencing signaling pathways on shell formation, immune system, and other biological processes. Temperature elevation by climate change is of double-sidedness: it can be an opportunistic parameter besides being a generally known damaging parameter in aquaculture. It can provide better environments for faster and longer growth for aquaculture species. It is also somehow advantageous for alleviation of aquaculture expansion pressure in a given location by opening a gate for new species and aquaculture zone expansion northward in the northern hemisphere, otherwise unavailable due to temperature limit. But in the science of climate change, the ways of influence on aquaculture are complex and ambiguous, and hence are still hard to identify and quantify. At the same time considerable parts of our knowledge on climate change effects on aquaculture are from the estimates from data of fisheries and agriculture. The consequences may be different from what they really are, particularly in the temperature region. In reality, bivalves and tunicates hung or caged in the longline system are often exposed to temperatures higher than those they encounter in nature, locally driving the farmed shellfish into an upper tolerable temperature extreme. We review recent climate change and following environment changes which can be factors or potential factors affecting shellfish aquaculture production in the temperate region.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.629-650
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• 2013

This study reviews geographical research trends on 'New industrial agglomeration' in Korea and recommends research issues for further studies. Recent studies on industrial agglomeration region have typically concentrated on empirical case studies from new 'perspectives'. As a result, the establishment and theorizing of frameworks for analysis on industrial agglomeration have been given too little attention. To solve this problem research should be conducted to develop frameworks for analysis integrating noneconomic factors and existing economic factors, a strategy emphasized in new industrial agglomeration theory. By doing so, research investigating viability mechanism and generalization will be invigorated. Meanwhile, research focused excessively on social and cultural conditions of region-related networks between actors in economic space at specific scales should be excluded. In addition, academic research on vitalizing industrial agglomeration region, such as cluster policy, should be strengthened. In order to conduct these research objectives effectively, it is necessary to vitalize overall understanding among researchers of industrial agglomeration and provide a place for collaborative learning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.3 s.81
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• pp.57-64
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• 2007

Recently, the corrosion of concrete structures has received great attention related with the deterioration of sea-side structures, such as new airport, bridges, and nuclear power plants. In this regards, many studies have been done on the chloride attack in concrete structures. However, those studies were confined mostly to the single deterioration due to chloride only, although actual environment is rather of combined type. The purpose of the present study is, therefore, to explore the influences of carbonation and freezing-thawing action to chloride attack in concrete structures. The test results indicate that the chloride penetration is more pronounced than the case of single chloride attack when the carbonation process is combined with the chloride attack. It is supposed that the chloride ion concentration of carbonation region is higher than the sound region because of the separation of fixed salts. Though the use of fly ash pronounces the chloride ion concentration in surface, amounts of chloride ion penetration into deep region decreases with the use of fly ash. The small reduction of relative dynamic elastic modulus induced from freezing-thawing increases the chloride ion penetration depths much. The present study allows more realistic assessment of durability for such concrete structures which are subjected to combined attacks of both chlorides and carbonation or freezing-thawing but the future studies for combined environment will assure the precise assessment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.341-353
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• 1994

This study delves into the general characteristics of spirits brewed in the Central Region of Korea-Seoul, Kyonnggi-do, Chungchung-do-paying particular attention to their varieties and fermenting methods and also comparing similarities and differences of their features. It is found first of all that there are a wide range of variety in the kinds of liquors. Among the 21 spirits investigated, not a single one resembles any one of the remaining in terms of the raw material, and the brewing method and process. Secondly, all of them use locally produced grains and can be classifiable as belonging to the common category of yakju (clean spirit) with fragrant elements added for the purpose of enhancing health or decreasing any harmful effects after drink. Thirdly, these traditional folk wines are characterized by the addition of secondarily fermented spirits. The more secondarily fermented spirit a wine has, the more fragrant and palatable it becomes and also the less harmful. Fourthly, all the spirits of this region are fermented by using yeast kodupap (steamed rice). The brewing temperature is usually around $15{\sim}20^{\circ}C$ for $5{\sim}8$ days or $3{\sim}4$ days for the majority of the cases. Fifthly, purifying is done with the yongsoo (strainer), the sieve, traditional Korean paper, etc. As such, we can say that all the brewers endeavor to maintain Korean traditional methods of wine making.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.253-260
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• 2016

A moment magnitude 3.1 earthquake occurred in the Seoul metropolitan region (SMR), Korea, on 9 February 2010. The unexpected shaking attracted much attention and raised concerns about the seismic hazards and risks in the SMR, which was regarded as an area safe from any earthquake hazard. The SMR has a population of 25 million and is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the world. A shakemap for a scenario earthquake with magnitude 6.5 and focal depth 12 km implies that the SMR will be exposed to serious risk because of its large population and the high vulnerability of its buildings. Although the instrumentally recorded earthquakes discussed in this article cannot be classified as major events, they should not be discounted as insignificant. Considering the low seismicity, micro-earthquakes below the magnitude of a conventional seismic network can achieve would be used to estimate background information in the evaluation of earthquake hazards and risks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2019

High voltage impulse(HVI) has been gained attention as an alternate technique controlling $CaCO_3$ scale formation. Investigation of key operational parameters for HVI is important, however, those had not been reported yet. In this study, the effect of temperature and applied voltage of HVI on $Ca^{2+}$ concentration was studied. As the applied voltage from 0 to 15kV and the temperature increased from 20 to $60^{\circ}C$, the $Ca^{2+}$ concentration decreased, indicating that the aqueous $Ca^{2+}$ precipitated to $CaCO_3$. The $Ca^{2+}$ concentration decreased up to 81% under the condition of 15kV and $60^{\circ}C$. Rate constant for the precipitation reaction, k was determined under different temper1ature and voltage. The reaction rate constant under the 15kV and $60^{\circ}C$ condition was evaluated to $66{\times}10^{-3}L/(mmol{\cdot}hr)$, which was 5 times greater than the k of the reaction without HVI at same temperature. The increases in k by HVI at higher temperature region(40 to $60^{\circ}C$) was much greater than at lower temperature region(20 to $40^{\circ}C$), which implies temperature is more important parameter than voltage for reducing $Ca^{2+}$ concentration at high temperature region. These results show that the HVI induction accelerates the precipitation to $CaCO_3$, particularly much faster at higher temperature.