• 한국항공운항학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

Functional analysis of air transport mission is conducted to establish the performance requirements of the commercial transport designs. The analysis process begins by making a top-down analysis to the aircraft system level mission functions. Correctly interpreting the top-level performance requirements is the first step in designing and building an aircraft system. Each function and sub-function is allocated and examined to the aircraft level and flight operations phase to optimize the system performance and design requirements, such that these lower-level requirements can be traced back to the top-level requirements they are designed to fulfill. Special attention is given to making sure all interfaces, both internal and external, are addressed. The results are also in good resources of functional hazard assessment involved in certification processes.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.219-237
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• 2014

In this study we desire to deduce implications for mathematics curriculum, teaching- learning, and evaluation from the data of Nation Assessment of Educational Achievement. For this, first we extracted the items written by the same achievement standard over two years from 2010 to 2012. Next we investigated whether the items are the representative items of a certain proficiency level and classified into the case of the items of the same proficiency level and the case of the items of different proficiency levels. Based on these we analysed learning characteristic of the each proficiency level. From the results of the above, we proposed what should be changed in mathematics curriculum, what should be considered in teaching-learning, and what should be paid attention to test item development.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.786-799
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• 2021

Road damage detection is important for road maintenance. With the development of deep learning, more and more road damage detection methods have been proposed, such as Fast R-CNN, Faster R-CNN, Mask R-CNN and RetinaNet. However, because shallow and deep layers cannot be extracted at the same time, the existing methods do not perform well in detecting objects with fewer samples. In addition, these methods cannot obtain a highly accurate detecting bounding box. This paper presents a Multi-level Feature Pyramids method based on M2det. Because the feature layer has multi-scale and multi-level architecture, the feature layer containing more information and obvious features can be extracted. Moreover, an attention mechanism is used to improve the accuracy of local boundary boxes in the dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed method is better than the current state-of-the-art methods.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2013

Visual demands associated with in-vehicle display usage and text messaging distract a driver's visual attention from the roadway. To minimize eyes-off-the-road demands, voice interaction systems are widely introduced. Under cognitively distracted condition, however, awareness of the operating environment will be degraded although the driver remains oriented to the roadway. It is also know that the risk of inattentive driving varies with age, thus systematic analysis of driving risks is required for the older drivers. This paper aims to understand the age-related driving performance degradation and visual attention changes under auditory cognitive demand which consists of three graded levels of cognitive complexity. In this study, two groups, aged 25-35 and 60-69, engaged in a delayed auditory recall task, so called N-back task, while driving a simulated highway. Comparisons of younger and older drivers' driving performance including mean speed, speed variability and standard deviation of lane position, and gaze dispersion changes, which consist of x-axis and y-axis of visual attention, were conducted. As a result, it was observed that gaze dispersion decreased with each level of demand, demonstrating that these indices can correctly rank order cognitive workload. Moreover, gaze dispersion change patterns were quite consistent in younger and older age groups. Effects were also observed on driving performance measures, but they were subtle, nonlinear, and did not effectively differentiate the levels of cognitive workload.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권12호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2021

본 논문은 특징 융합과 공간 강조를 적용하여 작고 페색된 객체 검출을 위한 개선된 YOLOv4S를 제안하였다. 기존 YOLOv4S은 경량 네트워크로 깊은 네트워크 대비 특징 추출 능력 부족하다. 제안하는 방법은 먼저 feature fusion으로 서로 다른 크기의 특징맵을 결합하여 의미론적 정보 및 저수준 정보를 개선하였다. 또한, dilated convolution으로 수용 영역을 확장하여 작고 폐색된 객체에 대한 검출 정확도를 향상시켰다. 두 번째로 spatial attention으로 기존 공간 정보 개선하여 객체간 구분되어 폐색된 객체의 검출 정확도를 향상시켰다. 제안하는 방법의 정량적 평가를 위해 PASCAL VOC 및 COCO 데이터세트를 사용하였다. 실험을 통해 제안하는 방법은 기존 YOLOv4S 대비 PASCAL VOC 데이터세트에서 mAP 2.7% 및 COCO 데이터세트에서 mAP 1.8% 향상되었다.

• 경영정보학연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.37-56
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• 2017

최근 소셜 네트워킹 서비스(Social Networking Service, SNS)를 통해 소통하고자 하는 개인들이 급격히 증대하고 있다. 이러한 현상은 SNS 상에서 막대한 정보생성을 이끌었고, 이에 따라 SNS 이용자들은 관심 부족을 느끼고 이를 극복하기 위해 보다 자극적이고, 과장된 정보를 생성하고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 현상을 이용과 충족이론의 관점에서 관심에 대한 욕구를 충족시키기 위한 SNS 이용자들의 이용행태를 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 SNS 이용행태 연구들을 살펴보면, 성별에 따른 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 본 연구는 관광객의 관심욕구가 SNS 몰입(순응, 동일시, 내재화)과 관광경험 공유 행위에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 하였으며, 성별에 따른 조절효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 분석 결과, 관심욕구는 SNS 몰입 수준에서 순응과 동일시를 매개로 관광경험 공유에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 순응과 동일시가 영향을 미치는데 있어 성별에 따른 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 학술적, 실무적 시사점을 제공한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.256-268
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use meta-analysis to examine recent domestic articles related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in school-age children. Methods: After reviewing 213 articles published between 1990 and 2009 from and cited in RISS, KISS, and DBpia, the researchers identified 24 studies with 440 research variables that had appropriate data for methodological study. SPSS 17.0 program was used. The outcome variables were divided into five types: Inattention, hyperactive impulsive, intrinsic, extrinsic, and academic ability variables. Results: Effects size of overall core symptoms was 0.47 which is moderate level in terms of Cohen criteria and effects size of overall negative variables related ADHD was 0.27 which is small level. The most dominant variable related to ADHD was obtained from hyperactive-impulsive (0.70). Also academic ability (0.45), inattention (0.37), and intrinsic variables (0.29) had a small effect whereas extrinsic variables (0.13) had little effect on descriptive ADHD study. Conclusion: The results reveal that ADHD core symptoms have moderate effect size and peripheral negative variables related ADHD have small effect size. To improve the reliability of the meta-analysis results by minimizing publication bias, more intervention studies using appropriate study designs should be done.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2010

The study is to find relative EEG power spectrum and pattern of coherence discriminating attentive and inattentive hand movements. Eight undergraduate students aged from 20 to 27 who had not hand disability participated in this study. Participants were asked to perform visuo-motor task. EEG was measured at C3 in 10~20 international system and four areas orthogonally directed 2.5cm away from C3. Significant result discriminating movement and rest was found through coherence analysis between movement areas or movement area and non-movement area, but was individually different. Because it was anticipated that major factors caused by the differences among individuals were attributed to the attention of the subjects, relative power of alpha and beta bands was identified. As a result, significant relative powers of alpha and beta bands were found in a group of high coherence level, but were not found in a group of low level. Next, participants were divided into two groups according to relative powers of alpha and beta bands. The comparison between two groups was performed. As a result, the coherence of the alpha band in the attentive group was greater than that of the inattentive group. It was found that the coherence of the beta band in the inattentive group was happening. Therefore, individual differences of coherence were influenced by attention. The significant coherence patterns that could discriminate attentive movement and inattentive movement were found.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.482-489
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• 2013

본 연구는 일개 대학에서 e-Learning 수업을 듣고 있는 간호학과 학생 239명을 대상으로 학습전이 인식수준과 만족도에 영향을 미치는 e-Learning 교수설계 변인을 밝히고자 시행된 서술적 조사연구이다. 그 결과, 대상자의 학습전이 인식수준에 영향을 미치는 도입의 하부영역은 학습상황 및 방향제시, 학습자 초기 동기화로 나타났으며, 이는 41%의 설명력이 있었다(F=81.16, p<.001). 대상자의 학습전이 인식수준에 영향을 미치는 학습객체의 하부영역은 동기화, 학습목적 일치, 접근성, 피드백 및 적합으로 나타났으며, 이는 46%의 설명력이 있었다(F=50.69, p<.001). 대상자의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 도입의 하부영역은 학습상황 및 방향제시, 학습자 초기 동기화로 나타났으며, 이는 33%의 설명력이 있었다(F=59.32, p<.001). 대상자의 만족도에 영향을 미치는 학습객체의 하부영역은 동기화, 표현설계, 상호작용 유용성, 피드백 및 적합, 학습목적 일치, 콘텐츠 품질로 나타났으며, 이는 52%의 설명력이 있었다(F=43.93, p<.001). 이를 통해 대학 e-Learning 프로그램의 교수설계 요인이 학습자의 학습전이와 만족도에 영향을 미치고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 e-Learning 프로그램 교수설계 전략을 개발하기 위한 기초자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.122-131
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• 2014

This study aimed to conduct an eye-tracking experiment carried with facade images as a medium and to do research on 'the interest of the eyes' resulted from people's gazing phenomena. This study secured gazing data which appeared according to visual response and analyzed gazing phenomena to find the basic theory of 'the interest of the eyes' as a methodological role, which consumer interest and attention could be grafted when a plan and a design for space design was made. Data terms used in eye-tracking backgrounds and the movement of the eyes were investigated in literature review. Twenty (20) facade images were selected through a case study to get experimental stimuli for the related experiment. Thirty (30) subjects (men and women) suitable for the experiment were recruited to conduct an eye-tracking experiment. After the experiment, five (5) areas were set up in the facade image to identify the focus level of interest and attention. The level of interest and focus was connected to the interest of the eyes. The analysis to study the interest of the eyes was based on nine (9) items such as sequence, entry time, dwell time, hit ratio, revisits, revisitors, average fixation, first fixation and fixation count. Through gaze analysis, the following conclusion was drawn about the 'interest level of sight' for gaze frequency. The interest level can be interpreted to be higher for faster sequence, shorter entry time, longer all fixation(ms) for dwell time, faster all saccade(%), higher hit ratio, more revisits, more revisitors, longer average fixation, faster and longer first fixation, and more fixation count, and the person can be said to have felt interest faster and/or more.