• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2005

This study is carried out to understand the characteristic of location in vernacular agricultural villages by judging from natural environment around the village. For this purpose, there were selected 17 villages of the riverside villages in Geosan Area which lean against Dalchoen River. After classifying these samples by the morphorogical approach, according to compare them with pre-researched villages, the methodology of spatial structure was investigated in agricultural villages. As a result of the study, the relationship between the agricultural villages and the shape of Dalcheon River can be classified by 3 types that are twisted around villages, attacked villages, and paralleled with villages. First of all, twisted type is located in river terraces, river safety zone and taken a image of the riverside agricultural village. Secondary, attacked type is located in beside riffle, and taken a image of a fishing village. Finally, paralleled type is located in straightly flowing river.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2005

Objective: With the onset of stroke, white blood cells release several proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor $(TNF)-{\alpha}$. It has been proven in previous studies that the release of these cytokines is related to the extent of damage to the brain and to overall prognosis. However, no studies have yet been performed to determine the connection with IL-6 and IL-10. Thus, this study is performed to see whether polymorphisms of IL-6, IL-10, and $TNF-{\alpha}$ genes that show increased serum concentration with the onset of stroke are related to stroke attack in Koreans. Methods : Peripheral blood samples derived from patients with stroke (n=100) and healthy controls (n=100) were taken under informed consent. In subjects with stroke, blood samples were obtained within 24 hours of stroke onset. Genomic DNA was isolated using the Wizard DNA Purification Kit (Promega, Madison, WI). Results : 1. Subjects with Heterozygote (GA) and Homozygote (AA) $TNF-{\alpha}$ gene types showed 2.433 and 20.457 times higher risks of being attacked by stroke, respectively, compared to subjects with wild type (GG) $TNF-{\alpha}$ gene type. The data was still statistically significant after adjusting for age, sex, history of smoking, and history of alcohol drinking. 2. Subjects with Homozygote (CC) IL-6 gene type showed 182.033 times higher risk of being attacked by stroke, compared to subjects with wild type (GG) IL-6 genes. This data was statistically insignificant (p=0.700). The data was still statistically insignificant after adjusting for age, sex, history of smoking, and history of alcohol drinking. 3. Subjects with Heterozygote (GA) and Homozygote (GG) IL-10 gene types showed 8.785 and 3.303 times higher risks of being attacked by stroke, respectively, compared to subjects with wild type (AA) IL-10 genes. The data was still statistically insignificant after adjusting for age, sex, history of smoking, and history of alcohol drinking. Conclusion : Our results suggest that the investigated $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-10 gene polymorphisms play an important role in stroke attack, but IL-6 gene polymorphism has not been found to associated with stroke.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.738-745
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• 2012

Aircraft battle damage repair(ABDR) is emergency repair method for the damaged aircraft in battle field. The main purpose of the ABDR is to increase the readiness of fighter aircraft during wartime. While many studies have been conducted to develop ABDR method, few efforts have focused on evaluation of damage and determination of the size of hole caused by enemy's anti-aircraft artillery attack. The aim of this study is essentially to quantify damage of aircraft wing attacked by anti-aircraft artillery. The computer simulations was performed to accomplish this goal. A number of simulations have been carried out to compare size of damages under various attack conditions. In conclusion, it was revealed that the size of damage varied depending on the type and direction of cannonball. Furthermore, in this paper, the proper path sizes are suggested for different damage conditions.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 갠트리타입 기종을 사용한 PCB 조립 생산시 생산시스템의 수행도 향상을 위한 방안을 개발하여 제시한다. 갠트리타입의 기종에서는 헤더나 슬롯의 이동보다는 노즐의 교체가 시스템의 수행도 향상에 주된 걸림돌이 되므로 동시흡착을 최대화할 수 있는 방안을 모색하였다. 본 연구에서 제시된 해법은 피더의 위치와 노즐의 위치를 감안하여 동시흡착을 수행하도록 함으로써 노즐 교체를 최소화하고, 기판당 조립시간의 감소도 이루어지도록 하였다. 제안 해법의 유효성을 입증하기 위해 시뮬레이션 모형을 구축하고 부품의 수를 변화시켜가면서 다음 작업대상피더와 교체노즐의 선정을 다양하게 하여 여러 운영방안들의 수행도와 비교 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 동시흡착을 유도하는 노즐교체를 할 경우 전반적인 수행상태가 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.1092-1099
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• 2002

Observations are made on the causes and symptoms of diseases related to Jung in 'the precious mirror of oriental medicine' From the study of those clinical cases diagnosed and treated with hyungsang medicine, the following conclusions are drawn Jung is made from shin of parents and it is the basis of the body. it can be derived in to two ; the innate and the acquired. diseases of Jung come from unbalanced meals, immoderate drinking immoderate sexual life, emotional disturbance and irregular daily life. diseases of Jung affect not only reproductive organs but also the body all over. persons with following configurational characteries tic. one easily attacked with diseases Jung ; fish type, bird type, Jung type, shin type, thin, male, pod peoples, pronounced or slanted mouth and nose upturned. nose, congested and inanimated eyes, pale lips, big or red cheekbone, rough skin and grizzled hair. To preserve and satisfy Jung, it is necessary to practice temperance in sexual life, emotions, daily life and meals.

• 한국가스학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가스학회 2001년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.58-68
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• 2001

Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of carbon steel gas pipeline in soil environments was investigated at field and laboratory MIC is very severe corrosion and it is not easy to distinguish this corrosion from Inorganic corrosion because of its localized, pitting-type character Therefore, it is important to provide proper assessment techniques for the prediction, detection, monitoring and mitigation of MIC. It is possible to predict the MIC risk, i.e., the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) through the analysis of soil environments. Chemical, microbiological and surface analysis of corrosion products and metal attacked could reveal the possibility of the occurrence of MIC. Various electrochemical and surface analysis techniques could be used for the study of MIC. Among these techniques, thin-film electrical resistance (ER) type sensors are promising to obtain localized corrosion rate of MIC induced by SRB. It is also important to study the effect of cathodic protection (CP) on the MIC In case of coated pipeline, the relationship between coating disbondment and the activity of SRB beneath the disbanded coating is also important.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2008

This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of a differential pressure type integrated mass-flow controller made of stainless steel for reactive and corrosive gases. The fabricated mass-flow controller is composed of a normally closed valve and differential pressure sensor. A stacked solenoid actuator mounted on a base-block is utilized for precise and rapid control of gas flow. The differential pressure flow sensor consisting of four diaphragms can detect a flow rate by deflection of diaphragm. By a feedback control from the flow sensor to the valve actuator, it is possible to keep the flow rate constant. This device shows a fast response less than 0.3 sec. Also, this device shows accuracy less than 0.1% of full scale. It is confirmed that this device is not attacked by toxic gas, so the integrated mass-flow controller can be applied to advanced semiconductor processes which need fine mass-flow control corrosive gases with fast response.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.509-520
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• 2021

The streamlined box is a common type of girders for long-span suspension bridges. Spanning deep canyons, long-span bridges are frequently attacked by strong winds with large angles of attack. In this situation, the flow field around the streamlined box changes significantly, leading to reduction of the flutter performance. The wind fairings have different effects on the flutter performance. Therefore, this study examines the flutter performance of box girders with different wind fairings at large angles of attack. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were carried out to extract the flutter derivatives, and the critical flutter state of a long-span bridge was determined. Further comparisons of the wind fairings were investigated by a rapid method which is related to the input energy by the aerodynamic force. The results show that a reasonable type of wind fairings could improve the flutter performance of long-span bridges at large angles of attack. For the torsional flutter instability, the wind fairings weaken the adverse effect of the vortex attaching to the girder, and a sharper one could achieve a better result. According to the input energies on the girder with different wind fairings, the symmetrical wind fairings are more beneficial to the flutter performance

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

This work presents a safety assessment of an underground tunnel subjected to a ballistic missile attack employing the numerical approach. For the impact simulation, a box shaped reinforced concrete (RC) structure with a cross section dimension of 8.0×10.0 m under a soil layer that was attacked by a SCUD missile was modeled using finite element (FE) software LS-DYNA. SCUD missile is one of a series of tactical ballistic missiles developed by Soviet Union during the Cold War, which is adopted for a short-range ballistic missile. The developed FE simulation for the penetration depth of the missile impacting into the soil structure was verified from the well-known formula of the penetration prediction. The soil-structure interaction, the soil type, and the impact missile velocity effects on the penetration depth of the missile into the different soil types were investigated. The safety assessment of the underground tunnel was performed with regard to the different depths of the underground tunnel. For each missile velocity and soil type, a specific depth called the unsafe depth was obtained from the analysis results. The structure beneath the soil beyond this depth remains safe. The unsafe depth was found to be increased with the increasing missile velocity.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.61-68
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• 1983

In order to study the disaster of typhoons which hit the Korean peninsula a period of 22 years from 1959 through 1980 was covered to collect necessary data with respect to attack of typhoons and their damage. Centering around the Korean peninsula, typhoons which attacked between 1959 and 1980 were grouped according to their treking routes and damage for detailed analyses. The results are summarized as follows: 1. The average annual damage of typhoons in the Korean peninsula was found to be 1.27 from June to September. The monthly distributions were found to be 53.6% in August, 28.6% in September and 14.2% in July. 2. About an half (56.4%) of the typhoons which hit the Korean peninsula passed through the western coast and 27.3% through the southern and 14.6% through the eastern. Typhoons of the we8tern coast were divided by their treking routes as 25.5% in CWE type (Jul., Aug., Sep.), 14.6% in WE type (Jul., Aug.), 16.3% in W type (Jul.). 3. The minimum SLP averaged 976.6mb and ordere:l by the treking routes as E$_1$$_1$ and CWE types are higher 20mb than S, E or WE types. 4. The Korean peninsula was damaged by all number of the typhoons in WE or S type, by a third at number of its in E or WE and WI type. 5. The annual probabilities of typhoon-disasters were 0.773 for once or more, 0. 409 for twice or more, and 0.091 for three times or more. Hearvy damage experienced in the Korean peninsula are found to have an annual. 6. Amount of the damage by the treking routes in ordered S>WE>CWE>E>W$_1$, and heavy storms experienced in the Xorean peninsula are found to have accompanied the WE and S types during the months of August and September. 7. The average annual damages were found to be 110 at the death-tall, 45, 000 at the sufferers and 10.5 billion at the property damage. 8. Seventy-sex percent of the all damage in the Korean peninsula distributed on the district from the 36th Parallel south and included Chie Ju island.