• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.5-16
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• 1993

The purpose of the present study was to classify the attachment to mothers of kindergarten children based on a system for classifying attachment organization developed by Main and Cassidy(1988) and to examine the relationship of children's temperament with attachment. 32 children and their mothers were observed and videotaped in the strange situation. Mothers were administered the children's temperament questionnaire revised by Chun (1992). The data were analysed by t-test. The results showed similarity between the attachment classifications of Main and Cassidy (1988) and those of Korean children. These results can be considered partial validation of Main and Cassidy's classification system for the measurement of the attachment of 5-to 6-year-old Korean children. Children's temperament has significant correlation to the security of attachment.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-15
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics and influencing factors of the attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors among the mothers with infants. The total number of 204 mothers participated in this survey as subjects. They all were breast-feeding mothers who had their infants joining in the semi-final round of a healthy breast-feeding infant contest. The data were collected from July 14, 1999 to May 19, 2000. And the data were analyzed by SPSSWIN 10.0 version. The result of this study was as follows ; 1. The mean ages of the subjects were 29.5 and 95.6 percents of them were no-job housewives. 57.8% of them were normal delivery. And the mean months of the infants were 6.2 and the male infants were 57.4%. The first born babies were 62.3%. 2. The mothers are affirmative enough with their attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors (the total mean was $3.58{\pm}.631$). In general, the mothers showed very attachment-oriented caretaking behaviors, but the points that indicated "recording the development characteristics of the infant and discussing them with husband" were very low(score $2.79{\pm}.982$). 3. There are Significant differences in caretaking behaviors of the mothers according to their ages(F=3.497, p=.017), the degree of morning sickness(F=2.633, p=.050) and the birth order of their infants(F=4.854, p=.003). The older mothers and mothers who experienced the less morning sickness showed the higher scores of the attachment-oriented behaviors. The mothers who experienced the more deliveries showed the higher scores of the attachment-oriented behaviors. Accordingly, the above result suggests that the systematic and practical nursing intervention to encourage the attachment-oriented behaviors is essential to the younger, primipara mother.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.127-138
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• 2000

Theis study examined relationship between college student attachment to parents and two broad indices of adolescent adaptation -selfe-esteem and adjustment to college. Also the association of parental attachment bonds to college adjustment would be mediated by self-esteem was examined in this study. Participants included 381 college students(176 men 205 women) As expected parental attachment was positively related to self-esteem and college adjustment. gender of parent differences emerged in which attachment to father was a more important predictor of college adjustment than was attachment to mother. Self-esteem played a mediating role in relation between parental attachment and college adjustment, Furthermore self-esteem was a most significant predictor of college adjustment .

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.17-28
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• 2005

To understand further the differences in the distribution of attachment classifications assigned to 12-15 month old infant raised in Korea(N=85) and the U.S.(N=104), detailed analyses of maternal and infant behavior during the Strange Situation was undertaken. Indices of infants' attachment behavior with their mothers and distress during separations were rated. The percentage of Korean infants classified as secure versus insecure mirrored the global distribution, however, fewer Korean babies were classified as avoidant, As predicted, secure Korean babies were less likely than secure U.S. babies to approach their mothers, maintain contact or show resistant behavior and more often displayed distress during the second separation from their mother. Resistant Korean babies, however, did not significantly differ from resistant U.S. babies with respect to their attachment behavior but more often displayed distress when left with a stranger. These findings are discussed with respect to cultural differences in caregiving.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.269-276
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine, according to sex and grade, the relationship and difference between mothers' parenting attitudes and self-perceived competences of their children. 197 children of the 4th through the 6th grade were selected from an elementary school in Daejeon area. We used the Perceived Competence Scale for Children (Harter, 1982) to measure their self-perceived competence and the Mother's Parenting Attitudes Scale (1990, Lee & Park) to measure parenting attitudes of their mothers. Major findings are as follows: First, there were significant differences in the children's self-perceived competence according to their perception of parental warmth and control. Children with more perception of parental warmth and consistent control considered themselves higher in cognitive and social competences and in self-worth. Boys perceived higher mother's consistent control and positive participation in parenting-attitudes than girls. Girls perceived themselves higher than boys in global self-worth. Next, Out of the three grades the 4th graders indicated more perception of attachment, authoritarian control, and positive participation in parenting attitudes. There was statistically no difference in self-perceived competences of children according to their grades. Finally, there were correlations between mothers' parenting attitudes and perceived competences of their children. Children with more perception of parental warmth, attachment, positive participation, and consistent control showed higher level of physical competence, social competence, and global self-worth.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3321-3330
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• 2009

This research was about influence on parenting by parent attachment. The subjects were W university students 223 of Jeon-buk province. The questionnaire included Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment(IPPA) and parenting perception. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and Stepwise. The findings were as follows: First, the relationship between parent(mother and father) attachment and parenting perception was found to a positive relationship. especially, communication and reliability of parent attachment. But between isolation of parent attachment and parenting perception was found to a negative relationship. Second, the parenting perception influenced by father's reliability among of parent attachment and the next was mother's communication.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the protective factors that influence suicide probability in religious male high school students. Methods: The data was collected from Nov. 5 to Dec. 10, 2009. Data were collected by self-report questionnaire from 255 students selected from 2 religious male high schools in B city. The instruments for this study were the Suicide Probability Scale for Adolescence (SPS-A), Inventory Parents Peer Attachment-Revision (IPPA-R), Spiritual Well-being Scale (SWBS), and Ego-identity Scale. The data were analyzed using t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression with the SPSS 14.0 program. Results: The protective factors of suicide probability in religious male high school students were identified as existential spiritual well-being (${\beta}$= -.46, p<.001), self-identity (${\beta}$= -.30, p<.001), and mother attachment (${\beta}$= -.21, p<.001). These three factors explained 61.5% of the variance in suicide probability. Conclusions: The results suggest that improvement in spirituality, ego-identity, and mother attachment for religious male high school students is important to reduce the probability of suicide.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors associated with maternal attachment of breastfeeding mothers, with a focus on the mothers' breastfeeding characteristics. Methods: Data were collected from 217 mothers who breastfed their healthy baby for 1 month after childbirth and had no postpartum complications. The data were analyzed by hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The factors significantly associated with maternal attachment were an emotional exchange with one's baby (${\beta}=.41$, p<.001), breastfeeding confidence (${\beta}=.20$, p=.022), depression ('quite a bit or more', ${\beta}=-.18$, p=.005), and depression ('a little', ${\beta}=-.14$, p=.024). The model explained 38.4% of variance in maternal attachment. Conclusion: In order to improve attachment, nurses should be actively supported in helping mothers in the first month postpartum adapt to breastfeeding. Interventions to prevent postpartum depression should also be conducted.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.133-145
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• 2012

The present study systematically analyzed the relationships between children's emotional and behavioral problems, attachment, fears and coping behaviors. The subjects of this study were 63 school-aged children residing in Seoul, Gwangiu and South Jeolla province. The findings indicated that emotional and behavioral problems were negatively correlated to children's attachments to their fathers and peers. The children's attachment to peers had a significant correlation as well as behavioral problems and coping strategies used by children in stressful situations. Emotional problems were explained by fears of realistic objects, the seeking out of social support, mother and father attachment, and fears of imaginary objects. In addition, behavioral problems were explained by aggressive coping behaviors and child-father attachment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.200-206
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• 2011

This research was to investigated correlation between the mother and father's attachment and the parent motivation. The subjects were W university student 223 of Jeon-buk province. They took the parent-child relation courses. The questionnaire were IPPA[Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment) and Parent Motivation Scale. The data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson correlation using the SPSS Program. The results were as follows: First, the university students who perceived the mother's attachment higher than the father's. Second, Parent motivation of the university students who perceived higher medium and the sex difference were no significance. Third, parent attachment were positively correlated with parent motivation. The finding from above results were that pre-parent education program of university students considered with the content that promotion to the parent attachment.