• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.185-194
• /
• 2017

Currently, in comparison with other architectural estimations, the estimation work regarding building mechanical-service systems is time-consuming, and the process is continuously becoming more difficult because of the increased usage of the attached piping materials such as fittings and hangings in addition to their complicated construction processes. To improve this problem, the Korean authority provides a simple estimation method for the attached-material rate regarding the main piping material, which is the most time-consuming work in the architectural-mechanical estimation. However, to be an applicable method on construction sites, a proper conversion rate of the attached-piping material is still required for the proposed method regarding building usage and working types. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the calculation of the rate of the attached-piping materials such as the fittings and supports through the building of the mechanical-service work types of mechanical rooms, air conditioning, domestic water and hot-water supplies, and the drain-, vent-, and gas-piping work in office buildings that have been designed after 2010.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2018

In generally, the estimation work regarding building mechanical service system in comparison with other architectural estimations is time-consuming, and the process is continuously getting more difficult because of the increased usage of the attached piping materials such as fittings and supports in addition to their complicated construction processes. In order to improve this problem, the Korean authority provides a simple method to estimate the attached material rate regarding the main piping material, which is the most time-consuming work in the architectural mechanical estimation. However, to be an applicable method on construction site, a proper conversion rate of the attached piping material is still required for the proposed method regarding building usage and working types. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the suggestion of the material and labor cost rate of the attached piping materials such as the fittings and supports by work types and fitting methods of indoor fire, sprinkler, and extinguishing gas piping work of mechanical fire protection facilities in office buildings that have been designed after 2010.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.20 no.1 s.69
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we analyzed ignition characteristics of combustible material and the waveform of power dissipation, voltage and current by poor contact. And the surface structure of plug by poor contact was analyzed. In the results of experiment, the heat generated by poor contact and ignited the combustible material on power cord sets. The insulation material was molten and carbonized by the heat conduction though plug pit and voids were formed inside of insulation material. The waveform of voltage and power dissipation distorted because of a growth of oxidation by poor contact. In particular, in case that load was big load, the waveform of voltage and power dissipation severely distorted as with the passage of time. The surface of plug pin was changed from erosion mark to welding mark according to big load. The results will be applied to the cause analysis of electrical disaster.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2013.05a
• /
• pp.98-99
• /
• 2013

The amount of surface chlorides of architectural structure in incoming salt environment depends on the characteristics of distribution of incoming salt in atmosphere. Therefore, many researches are being conducted on deducting the correlation between incoming salt amount attached to the surface of real structure and that of atmosphere after quantitative measurement. However, in real environment, these studies are somewhat far fetched. That is because incoming salt in atmosphere are changed by various climatic conditions and in the case of the structures surface, attached incoming salt may be carried away due to the rainfall. Therefore, this study aims to draw an improved proportional relation between the amount of sodium chloride in atmosphere and that attached to the surface of architectural structures by measuring the amount attached to each architectural material using artificial incoming salt generator that can control various climatic variables that can be caused in real environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2014.11a
• /
• pp.57-58
• /
• 2014

For durability design to protect against chloride-induced corrosion, it is important to estimate the amount of chlorides on the surface. However, it is difficult to estimate the airborne chlorides, a boundary condition, due to the difference between the amount of chlorides attached to a surface of an actual structure and that in the air. Therefore, in this study the attachment rate analysis of airborne chlorides was evaluated for 13 types of finish materials. As a result, despite differences in the amount of airborne chlorides according to the finishing type, it was found that 60 percent of airborne chlorides were attached to mortar, 30 percent were attached to steel, and 25 percent were attached to tiles compared with the amount of chlorides in the air.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2004.07a
• /
• pp.495-498
• /
• 2004

In this paper, the arc and flame characteristics of wires were studied during a short-circuit. The short-circuit angle between wires was fixed as $90^{\circ}$ and the experiments were conducted on bare copper wires by varying the diameter of wires. The arc and flame patterns were taken by a high speed imaging system. The direction of arc and flame was explained with Lorentz force. After the short-circuit experiment, the shapes of molten wires were analyzed by a stereo microscope. In the results of experiment, the arc and flame of wires showed particular patterns. The flame characteristics by the diameter of wires were analyzed using a HSIS. We could find out the arc characteristics of wires which were different by the diameter.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2005.07a
• /
• pp.554-555
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we analyzed a metallurgical structure and arc properties of copper wire when the over-current flows on electric wire. From the results, The fusing current was related to the fusing time(current rising rate per second). In case of the shorter the fusing time, the fusing current was high, and the fusing time of ac type was larger than that of dc type. The copper wire was bent by the increase of current and heated, the beads were scattered around wire with a flash. We could observed the dendrite structure in 'molten wire at ac and dc current type. According as the current rising rate per second is short, the dendrite structure is distributed in surface of wire.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.61 no.5
• /
• pp.685-691
• /
• 2017

The free transverse vibrations of axially functionally graded (AFG) cantilever beams with concentrated masses attached at different points are studied in this paper. The material properties of the AFG beam, consisting of metal and ceramic, vary continuously in the axial direction according to an established law form. Approximated solutions for the title problem are obtained by means of the Ritz Method. The influence of the material variation on the natural frequencies of vibration of the functionally graded beam is investigated and compared with the influence of the variation of the cross section. The phenomenon of dynamic stiffening of beams can be observed in various situations. The accuracy of the procedure is verified through results available in the literature that can be represented by the model under study.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2003

In this paper, the relation between displacement of piezoelectric material and electric field was proposed. FEA was introduced to predict the displacement and reaction force of plate spring attached in the piezoelectric material. The relation between displacement of piezoelectric material forced by plate spring and applied electric field were further verified by experimental investigation. Also, the flow rate of gas in piezoelectric valve was examined by experiment. Finally, the relation between electric field and gas flow was derived. Based on these results, these relations can be used in the design of mass flow controller.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 2004

The structural behavior of a worn tire, attached to carbon fiber steel pile by current and wave forces, has been investigated through the numerical method. The finite element model has been developed, by considering that the composite material of rubber and cord is orthotropic, the rubber is isotropic, and that all the material behaves as linear elastic. The pressure distribution by wave and current, around the worn tire, has been estimated through the adjustment for the concept of flow separation. Also, the structural behavior of the worn tire has been examined, by comparing the situation wherein the space between the pile is reinforced, and tire as elastic and isotropic material, with the one left empty. Through this comparison, it is determined that the space between pile and tire has to be filled with elastic and isotropic material, in order to avoid the failure by wave and current action.