• 제목/요약/키워드: Atomic interface

검색결과 392건 처리시간 0.031초

Influence of KOH Solution on the Passivation of Al2O3 Grown by Atomic Layer Depostion on Silicon Solar Cell

  • 조영준;장효식
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2013년도 제45회 하계 정기학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.299.2-299.2
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    • 2013
  • We investigated the potassium remaining on a crystalline silicon solar cell after potassium hydroxide (KOH) etching and its effect on the lifetime of the solar cell. KOH etching is generally used to remove the saw damage caused by cutting a Si ingot; it can also be used to etch the rear side of a textured crystalline silicon solar cell before atomic layer-deposited Al2O3 growth. However, the potassium remaining after KOH etching is known to be detrimental to the efficiency of Si solar cells. In this study, we etched a crystalline silicon solar cell in three ways in order to determine the effect of the potassium remnant on the efficiency of Si solar cells. After KOH etching, KOH and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) were used to etch the rear side of a crystalline silicon solar cell. To passivate the rear side, an Al2O3 layer was deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD). After ALD Al2O3 growth on the KOH-etched Si surface, we measured the lifetime of the solar cell by quasi steady-state photoconductance (QSSPC, Sinton WCT-120) to analyze how effectively the Al2O3 layer passivated the interface of the Al2O3 layer and the Si surface. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) was also used to measure how much potassium remained on the surface of the Si wafer and at the interface of the Al2O3 layer and the Si surface after KOH etching and wet cleaning.

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Atomic structure and crystallography of joints in SnO2 nanowire networks

  • Hrkac, Viktor;Wolff, Niklas;Duppel, Viola;Paulowicz, Ingo;Adelung, Rainer;Mishra, Yogendra Kumar;Kienle, Lorenz
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • 제49권
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    • pp.1.1-1.10
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    • 2019
  • Joints of three-dimensional (3D) rutile-type (r) tin dioxide ($SnO_2$) nanowire networks, produced by the flame transport synthesis (FTS), are formed by coherent twin boundaries at $(101)^r$ serving for the interpenetration of the nanowires. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods, i.e. high resolution and (precession) electron diffraction (PED), were utilized to collect information of the atomic interface structure along the edge-on zone axes $[010]^r$, $[111]^r$ and superposition directions $[001]^r$, $[101]^r$. A model of the twin boundary is generated by a supercell approach, serving as base for simulations of all given real and reciprocal space data as for the elaboration of three-dimensional, i.e. relrod and higher order Laue zones (HOLZ), contributions to the intensity distribution of PED patterns. Confirmed by the comparison of simulated and experimental findings, details of the structural distortion at the twin boundary can be demonstrated.

액체/액체계면에서 삼가 란탄족원소 이온과 중성담체(ETH4120)의 연속적인 착물형성 연구 (The Successive Complex Formation of Trivalent Lanthanide Ions with Ionophore ETH4120 at the Liquid/Liquid Interface)

  • 최인규;유택목;연제원;전관식;김원호;염태윤
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제43권2호
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    • pp.161-166
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    • 1999
  • Ionophore ETH4120의 이온담체작용에 의한 란탄족원소이온의 액체/액체계면에서의 상전이를 순환전압전류법(cyclic voltammetry)과 순환전류주사 대시간전위차법(Chronopotentiometry with cyclic linear current scanning; CPCLCS)으로 고찰하였다. 수용액 중의 란탄족원소이온농도가 유기용액중의 착화제 농도보다 훨씬 높을 때 순환전압전류법과 CPCLCS 곡선에서 하나의 양극전류(수용액상에서 유기상으로 전이)파와 두개의 음극전류(유기상에서 수용액상으로 전이)파가 관찰되었다. 양극전류파는 1:1(금속:착화제) 착물형성과 관계되는 봉우리이고, 두 음극전류파는 각각 1:2와 1:3의 연속적인 착물형성과 관계된 파이다. 그러나 1:1 착물의 양극전류파와 대응하는 1:1 착물의 음극파와, 1:2 착물과 1:3 착물의 음극전류파에 대응되는 양극전류파는 나타나지 않았다. 이와 관련되는 이온 상전이 메카니즘을 검토하였다.

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다중벽탄소나노튜브 복합재료의 계면 및 열전도도에 표면처리 방법이 미치는 영향 (Effect of Multi-wall Carbon Nanotube Surface Treatment on the Interface and Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotube-based Composites)

  • 유기문;이성구;김성룡
    • 접착 및 계면
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    • 제11권4호
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    • pp.174-180
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    • 2010
  • 다중벽탄소나노튜브를 표면처리하여 polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) 기재에 첨가하여 제조한 고분자 복합재료에서 탄소나노튜브의 표면처리가 계면 및 열전도도에 미치는 효과를 고찰하였다. Coagulation 방법과 atomic transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) 방법을 사용하여 탄소나노튜브를 표면 처리 하여 사용하였으며, ATRP 방법을 적용하여 제조한 복합재료는 coagulation 방법을 사용하여 제조한 복합재료보다 높은 열전도도와 투과도를 가졌다. 순수 PMMA의 열전도도가 0.21 W/mK인데 비하여 ATRP 방법으로 처리한 1 wt%의 탄소나노튜브를 첨가하였을 경우 0.38 W/mK로 열전도도가 향상되었다. 탄소나노튜브와 PMMA기재의 계면을 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰한 결과 탄소나노튜브의 표면처리에 의해 기재 내에 분산이 향상되고 고분자기재-탄소나노튜브 계면에서의 접촉이 용이해져 포논산란이 감소되어 광 투과성을 가지면서 열전도도가 향상된 것으로 보인다.

망 관리 프로토콜 연동을 위한 확장된 GDMO (An Extended GDMO for Interworking Different Network Management Protocols)

  • 임미경;김태수;이광휘
    • 한국정보처리학회논문지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.156-165
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    • 2000
  • 본 논문에서는 서로 다른 망 관리 프로토콜을 사용하는 통신망(SNMP망과 CMIP망) 사이의 상호연동을 위한 시스템을 제안한다. 이를 위해 MOVI(Managed Object View Interface) 개념을 이용하여 두 종류의 접속(interface)을 가지는 새로운 관리 대상 객체를 정의 하였으며, GDMO 컴파일러를 수정하여 확장된 GDMO(EGDMO) 컴파일러를 구현하였다. 또한 새롭게 정의된 관리 대상 객체는 두개 이상의 인터페이스도 제공할 수 있으므로 이를 위한 일관성 제어(consistency control)와 원자적 수행(atomic action) 등을 수행하기 위한 접근 방법을 정의하였다. 관리 대상 객체가 다양한 접속을 제공할 수 있도록 새롭게 정의하는 방법을 사용함으로써 앞으로 다른 종류의 망 관리 프로토콜이 구현되어도 새로운 상위 계층의 게이트웨이를 구현할 필요 없이, 간단한 인터페이스의 변환만을 통하여 계속적으로 사용할 수 있도록 하였다. 물론 기존의 관리 대상 객체를 변형하여야 하지만, 기존의 관리 대상 객체를 모두 수용하며, 차후에 정의되는 관리 대상 객체에 대해서만 새롭게 정의하면 되도록 하였다. 이러한 연구를 통하여 복잡한 망 관리 프로토콜의 상호 연동도 가능하며, SNMP 및 CMP의 효율성을 증대 시킬 수 있고, 기존의 망 관리 프로토콜 자체의 연동뿐 아니라 앞으로 새로운 망 관리 프로토콜의 연동에도 그대로 적용할 수 있다는 장점을 가지고 있다.

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Analytical model of corrosion-induced cracking of concrete considering the stiffness of reinforcement

  • Bhargava, Kapilesh;Ghosh, A.K.;Mori, Yasuhiro;Ramanujam, S.
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제16권6호
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    • pp.749-769
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    • 2003
  • The structural deterioration of concrete structures due to reinforcement corrosion is a major worldwide problem. Service life of the age-degraded concrete structures is governed by the protective action provided by the cover concrete against the susceptibility of the reinforcement to the corrosive environment. The corrosion of steel would result in the various corrosion products, which depending on the level of the oxidation may have much greater volume than the original iron that gets consumed by the process of corrosion. This volume expansion would be responsible for exerting the expansive radial pressure at the steel-concrete interface resulting in the development of hoop tensile stresses in the surrounding cover concrete. Once the maximum hoop tensile stress exceeds the tensile strength of the concrete, cracking of cover concrete would take place. The cracking begins at the steel-concrete interface and propagates outwards and eventually resulting in the through cracking of the cover concrete. The cover cracking would indicate the loss of the service life for the corrosion-affected structures. In the present paper, analytical models have been developed considering the residual strength of the cracked concrete and the stiffness provided by the combination of the reinforcement and expansive corrosion products. The problem is modeled as a boundary value problem and the governing equations are expressed in terms of the radial displacement. The analytical solutions are presented considering a simple 2-zone model for the cover concrete viz. cracked or uncracked. A sensitivity analysis has also been carried out to show the influence of the various parameters of the proposed models. The time to cover cracking is found to be function of initial material properties of the cover concrete and reinforcement plus corrosion products combine, type of rust products, rate of corrosion and the residual strength of the cover concrete. The calculated cracking times are correlated against the published experimental and analytical reference data.

Sequence Diagram을 이용한 안전등급 PLC운영체제의 인터페이스 설계 (A Design of the Operating System Interface for Programmable Logic Controller Using Sequence Diagram)

  • 이영준;권기춘;이장수;김장열;차경호;천세우;손한성
    • 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보과학회 2005년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.32 No.1 (A)
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    • pp.853-855
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    • 2005
  • 본 논문은 Sequence Diagram을 이용한 안전등급 PLC(Safety-Grade Programmable Logic Controller) 운영 체제의 인터페이스 설계명세를 기술한다. 원자력 발전소에 사용하기 위한 안전 소프트웨어(Safety Software)의 규제 기준인 Reg. Guide는 IEEE Std 1016, IEEE Std 1016.1 의 설계명세서 작성 표준에 따라 작성하도록 요구하며, 이러한 규제기준과 기 표준을 안전등급 PLC를 위한 운영체제 소프트웨어의 설계명 세서도 만족해야 한다. 특히 운영 체제와 외부 장치들 사이의 인터페이스를 위해 실시간 특성의 표현에 장점을 갖는 Sequence Diagram을 적용함으로써 운영체제의 인터페이스에 대한 정확성, 완전성, 그리고 일관성을 향상시킬 수 있었다.

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A modularized numerical framework for the process-based total system performance assessment of geological disposal systems

  • Kim, Jung-Woo;Jang, Hong;Lee, Dong Hyuk;Cho, Hyun Ho;Lee, Jaewon;Kim, Minjeong;Ju, Heejae
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제54권8호
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    • pp.2828-2839
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    • 2022
  • This study developed a safety assessment tool for geological disposal systems called APro, a systemically integrated modeling system based on modularizing and coupling the processes which need to be considered in a geological disposal system. Thermal, hydraulic, chemical, canister failure, radionuclide release and transport processes were considered in the current version of APro. Each of the unit processes in APro consists of a single Default Module, and several Alternative Modules which can increase the flexibility of the model. As an initial stage of developing the modularization concept and modeling interface, the Default Modules of each unit process were described, with one Alternative Module of chemical process. The computation part of APro is mainly a MATLAB workspace controlling COMSOL and PHREEQC, which are coupled by an operator splitting scheme. The APro model domain is a stylized geological disposal system employing the Swedish disposal concept (KBS-3 type), but the repository layout can be freely adjusted. In order to show the applicability of APro to the total system performance assessment of geological disposal system, some sample simulations were conducted. From the results, it was confirmed that coupling of the thermal and hydraulic processes and coupling of the canister failure and the radionuclide release processes were well reflected in APro. In addition, the technical connectivity between COMSOL and PHREEQC was also confirmed.

AFM을 이용한 Head/Disk의 표면파손에 관한 고찰 (Surface damage analysis of Head/Disk interface using AFM)

  • 정구현;이성창;김대은
    • 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정밀공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.357-361
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    • 1997
  • In this work surface damage of head and disk of head disk drive was analysed using an Atomic Force Microscpoe. The initial damage of the disk occurred by generation of extermely small wear particles. Also it was show that wear particles tend to pile up near the front side of the slider. The surface damage mechanism of drag test and contact-start-stop test was found to be quite similar.

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Window-Based Computer Code Package CONPAS for an Integrated Level 2 PSA

  • Ahn, Kwang-Il;Kim, See-Darl;Song, Yong-Mann;Jin, Young-Ho
    • 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국원자력학회 1996년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(2)
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    • pp.493-498
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    • 1996
  • A PC window-based computer code, CONPAS(CONtainment Performance Analysis System), has been developed to integrate the numerical, graphical and results-operation aspects of Level 2 probabilistic safety assessments (PSA) for nuclear power plants automatically. As a main logic for accident progression analysis, it employs a concept of the small containment phenomenological event tree(CPET) helpful to trace out visually individual accident progressions and of the large supporting event tree(LSET) for its detailed quantification. Compared with other existing computer codes for Level 2 PSA, the CONPAS code provides several advanced features: computational aspects including systematic uncertainty analysis, importance analysis, and sensitivity analysis, reporting aspects including tabling and graphic, and user-friend interface.

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