• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.93-124
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• 2011

In this paper, we claim the asymmetric response of asset returns on the past asset returns' signs may be explained from the market behavioral portfolio choice of investors. For this, we admit the anchor and adjustment mechanism of investors which partly explains the momentum in the asset prices. We also claim the prospect theory based on the risk aversions may simultaneously work with the anchor and adjustment effect, whenever the lagged asset return was positive and investors accrued the gain. To identify these effects empirically in a threshold autoregressive model, we suppose the risk aversions inducing the volatility effect is related with the past volatility of asset returns. In application of suggested method to Korean stock and real estate markets, we found these effect exist as expected.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.410-420
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• 2006

The dynamic effects, such as the steering and the screening effects during deposition on an epitaxial growth is studied by kinetic Monte Carlo simulation. In the simulation, we incorporates molecular dynamic simulation to rigorously take the interaction of the deposited atom with the substrate atoms into account, We find three characteristic features of the surface morphology developed by grazing angle deposition: (1) enhanced surface roughness, (2) asymmetric mound, and (3) asymmetric slopes of mound sides, Regarding their dependence on both deposition angle and substrate temperature, a reasonable agreement of the simulated results with the previous experimental ones is found. The characteristic growth features by grazing angle deposition are mainly caused by the inhomogeneous deposition flux due to the steering and screening effects, where the steering effects play the major role rather than the screening effects. Newly observed in the present simulation is that the side of mound in each direction is composed of various facets instead of all being in one selected mound angle even if the slope selection is attained, and that the slope selection does not necessarily mean the facet selection.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.356-364
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• 2005

Intramolecular excimer formation of 1,3-di(1-pyrenyl) propane(Py-3-Py) and fluorescence polarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) were used to evaluate the effect of ethanol on the rate and range of lateral and rotational mobilities of bulk bilayer structures of synaptosomal plasma membrane vesicles (SPMVs) from the bovine cerebral cortex. Ethanol increased the excimer to monomer fluorescence intensity ratio (I'/I) of Py-3-Py in the SPMVs. Selective quenching of both DPH and Py-3-Py by trinitrophenyl groups was used to examine the range of transbilayer asymmetric rotational mobility and the rate and range of transbilayer asymmetric lateral mobility of SPMVs. Ethanol increased the rotational and lateral mobility of the outer monolayer more than of the inner one. Thus ethanol has a selective fluidizing effect within the transbilayer domains of the SPMVs. Radiationless energy transfer from the tryptophans of membrane proteins to Py-3-Py was used to examine both the effect of ethanol on annular lipid fluidity and protein distribution in the SPMVs. Ethanol increased annular lipid fluidity and also caused membrane proteins to cluster. These effects on neuronal membranes may be responsible for some, though not all, of the general anesthetic actions of ethanol.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.198-223
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Korean medicine treatment on facial asymmetric treatment in 5 cases of facial asymmetry correction by non - surgical treatment such as acupucture, chuna treatment, FCST (Functional cerebrospinal technique) and cranial osteopathy. Methods: We analyzed the initial charts of 5 patients who had undergone facial asymmetry in a Korean medicine clinic and measured the position and distance using the photograph, lateral cephalograms, and whole body radiograms. The results were as follows. Results: To quantify both soft and hard tissues to confirm the results of Korean medicine treatment of facial asymmetry, soft tissues quantitatively measure the displacement of the face, the slope of the left and right eyes, and the slope of the lip in order to grasp the positional displacement of the mandible. As a result, on the average, the correction effect as measured by the angle difference between A and C is $1.8{\pm}0.57$, the correction effect as measured by the angle difference between B and C is $1.4{\pm}0.89$, and the angle difference between D and the horizontal plane is $1.9{\pm}0.89$, and the angle difference between E and the horizontal plane is $1.9{\pm}0.89$. The result of reduced angle difference between A and C means that the head position shifted from the center of the body to the unilateral side was shifted to the center. The decrease in the angle difference between B and C means the restoration of the maxillary distortion relative to the mandible. In hard tissues, numerical values were measured based on the skull standard. The average distortion of the skull was $1.9{\pm}0.67$, and the distortion of the lower eye was $1.4{\pm}0.41$. Conclusion: General studies on facial asymmetric treatment are limited to treatments such as surgery and orthodontics. However, this study confirmed the possibility that facial asymmetry could be corrected by Korean medical treatment consisting of reversible non-surgical treatment rather than irreversible treatment such as surgery or orthodontic treatment. In particular, Korean medicine treatment is effective for muscular asymmetry, soft asymmetry, functional asymmetry, etc. The facial asymmetric treatment of Korean medicine is not limited to the face-centered correction, but the asymmetry of the whole body may be corrected as well.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.139-155
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• 2014

This study is to examine the linkage of volatility between changes in the stock market of India and other countries through the integration of the world economy. The results were as follows: First, autocorrelation or serial correlation did not exist in the classic RS model, but long-term memory was present in the modified RS model. Second, unit root did not exist in the unit root test for all periods, and the series were a stable explanatory power and a long-term memory with the normal conditions in the ARFIMA model. Third, in the multivariate asymmetric BEKK and VAR model before the financial crisis, it showed that there was a strong influence of the own market of Taiwan and UK in the conditional mean equation, and a strong spillover effect from Japan to India, from Taiwan to China(Korea, US), from US(Japan) to UK in one direction. In the conditional variance equation, GARCH showed a strong spillover effect that indicated the same direction as the result of ARCH coefficient of the market itself. Asymmetric effects in three home markets and between markets existed. Fourth, after the financial crisis, in the conditional mean equation, only the domestic market in Taiwan showed strong influences, and strong spillover effects existed from India to US, from Taiwan to Japan, from Korea to Germany in one direction. In the conditional variance equation, strong spillover effects were the same as the result of the pre-crisis and asymmetric effect in the domestic market in UK was present, and one-way asymmetric effect existed in Germany from Taiwan. Therefore, the results of this study presented the linkage between the volatilities of the stock market of India and other countries through the integration of the world economy, observing and confirming the asymmetric reactions and return(volatility) spillover effects between the stock market of India and other countries.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2016

Unlike conventional airplane, a WIG craft experiences righting moment and adverse yaw moment in banked turning in ground effect. Numerical simulations are carried out to study the aerodynamics of banked wing in ground effect. Configurations of rectangular wing and delta wing are considered, and performance of endplates and ailerons during banking are also studied. The study shows that righting moment increase nonlinearly with heeling angle, and endplates enhance the righting. The asymmetric aerodynamic distribution along span of wing with heeling angle introduces adverse yaw moment. Heeling in ground effect with small ground clearance increases the vertical aerodynamic force and makes WIG craft climb. Deflections of ailerons introduce lift decrease and a light pitching motion. Delta wing shows advantage in banked turning for smaller righting moment and adverse yaw moment during banking.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2020

Oxide (SiO₂)/Metal(Ag)/Oxide(SiO₂, ITO, ZnO) multilayer films were fabricated using a magnetron sputtering technique at room temperature on Si (p-type, 100) and a glass substrate. The electrical and optical properties of the asymmetric multilayer films depended on the thickness of the mid-layer film and the type of oxide in the bottom layer. As the metal layer becomes thicker, the sheet resistance decreases. However, the transmittance decreases when the metal layer exceeds a threshold thickness of approximately 10~12 nm. In addition, the sheet resistance and transmittance change according to the type of oxide in the bottom layer. If the oxide has a large resistivity, the overall sheet resistance increases. In addition, the anti-reflection effect changes according to the refractive index of the oxide material. The optical and electrical properties of multilayer films were investigated using an ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and a 4-point probe, respectively. The optimum structure is SiO₂ (30 nm)/Ag (10 nm)/ZnO (30 nm) multilayer, with the highest FOM value of 7.7×10^-3 Ω^-1.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.301-307
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• 2012

The characteristics of pressure loss in an asymmetric bifurcating tube were investigated numerically for steady inspiratory conditions. The loss coefficient K calculated for various asymmetry and flow-distribution ratios found in human lung airways showed a power-law dependence on the Reynolds number (Re) and length-to-diameter ratio (L/d), with different exponents for Re $\geq$ 100 and Re < 100. The fundamental characteristics of the asymmetric bifurcation are similar to the case of symmetric bifurcation. In addition, the effect of skewed inlet velocity profiles on the pressure loss was weak, and decreased with an increasing number of bifurcations.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.805-810
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• 2016

The dependence of drain induced barrier lowering(DIBL) is analyzed for doping concentration in channel of asymmetric double gate(DG) MOSFET. The DIBL, the important short channel effect, is described as lowering of source barrier height by drain voltage. The analytical potential distribution is derived from Poisson's equation to analyze the DIBL, and the DIBL is observed according to top/bottom gate oxide thickness and bottom gate voltage as well as channel doping concentration. As a results, the DIBL is significantly influenced by channel doping concentration. DIBL is significantly increased by doping concentration if channel length becomes under 25 nm. The deviation of DIBL is increasing with increase of oxide thickness. Top and bottom gate oxide thicknesses have relation of an inverse proportion to sustain constant DIBL regardless channel doping concentration. We also know the deviation of DIBL for doping concentration is changed according to bottom gate voltage.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.128-134
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• 2012

The performance evaluation and fabrication of integrated-optic electric-field sensor utilizing $Ti:LiNbO_3$ asymmetric Mach-Zehnder intensity modulator with a push-pull lumped electrode and a plate-type probe antenna to measure an electric field strength is described. The modulator has a small device size of $46{\times}7{\times}1\;mm$ and operates at a wavelength $1.3{\mu}m$. The devices are simulated based on the BPM software and fabricated utilizing Ti-diffused $LiNbO_3$ channel optical waveguides. The minimum detectable electric field is 1.02 V/m and 6.91 V/m, corresponding to a dynamic range of ~35 dB and ~10 dB at the frequencies of 500 KHz and 5 MHz, respectively.