• Proceedings of the Korea Information Assurance Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.21-26
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• 2004

The growth of incidents on the Internet has reflected growth of the internet itself and growth of the computing power. while in previous years, external attacks tended to originate from those interested trend in exploring the Internet for its own sake and testing their skills, there is an increasing trend towards intrusions motivated by financial, political, and military objectives. so, attacks on the nation's computer infrastructures are becoming an increasingly serious problem. Even though the problem is ubiquitious, government agencies are particularly appealing targets and they tend to be more willing to reveal such events than commercial organizations. The threat of damage made necessity of security's recognition, as a result, many researches have been carried out into security of system actively. Intrusion Detection technology is detection of intrusion using audit data differently from using traditional simple filtering and informs manager of it. It has security manager of system deal with the intrusion more quickly. but, cause current environment of Internet manager can't doing response Intrusion alert immediately. That's why IPS needed. IPS can response automatically the intrusion alert. so, manager is more comfortable and can response quickly.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.115-121
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• 2019

Recently, as the use of smart devices is becoming more common, various and convenient services are being developed. Among these services, the Social Network Service(SNS) is easily accessible anywhere, anytime. In particular, as well as sharing information, it forms a social relationship in cyberspace to expand new connections, and the SNS account is used as an authentication means of other services to provide users with speed and convenience at all times. However, despite the many advantages of SNS, due to security vulnerabilities occurring in the interworking process with various services, accidents of personal information are constantly occurring, and it is urgent to prepare countermeasures against potential risk factors. It is a necessary situation. Therefore, in this paper, the use of SNS is expected to increase rapidly in the future, and it is expected that it will be used as the basic data for developing the countermeasures by learning the countermeasures according to the security threats of the SNS.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 1997

The angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a key component of the renin-angiotensin system thought to be important in the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Deletion polymorphism in the ACE gene may be a risk factor for myocardial infarction. The insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE detected by PCR analysis appears to be associated with hypertension in Koreans and its nucleotide was subcloned into T-vector and its nucleotide sequences were determined. We also examined an association between hypertension and genetic variance of ACE. We identified the angiotensin I-converting enzyme genotype in 127 hypertensive and 189 normotensive Korean subjects. The distribution of ACE genotype II, ID, DD were 39.2%, 40.2%, 20.6% respectively and the frequency for ACE alleles I and D were 0.593 and 0.407, respectively in all subjects. The frequency of D allele in Korean males is higher than that of Korean females (male; 0.438 : female; 0.267), and the frequency of I allele in Korean females is higher than that of Korean males (female; 0.733 : male; 0.562). Genotype distributions of angiotensin I-converting enzyme genes in Korean normal adult population were different from that of Caucasians (P<0.001). There were no significant differences in genotype frequency between the hypertensive control group (n=127) and the normotensive group (n=189). We observed significant differences of ACE genotype distribution between the male group and the female group in total (P=0.001) and in hypertensive Korean subjects (P=0.013).

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.188-197
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ozone exposure levels and the variations in ozone concentration in a semiconductor fabrication facility and office in relation to the ozone concentration in the outdoor air. Methods: This study was performed in an office, semiconductor fabrication facility(such as etching, diffusion, diffusion plenum), and outdoors from June to August, 2015. Measurements were taken six times at the same places using an active sampler(pumped) and real-time equipment. Ozone monitoring by the active sampler method and analysis were carried out by OSHA Method ID-214. Real-time measurement was carried out by ozone measuring equipment using a non-dispersive ultraviolet absorption method. Results: Ozone concentrations in the semiconductor fabrication facility and office were 0.7~7.1 ppb in area samples and 0.72~4.07 ppb in real-time measurement, which were 0.88~8.88% of the occupational exposure limit. The concentration of ozone generated by a laser printer in the office was less than 2 ppb. There was not a significant difference between ozone concentrations before and after using the laser printer. The indoor/outdoor concentration ratio(I/O ratio) in the semiconductor fabrication facility and office was 0.05 and 0.06, respectively. Conclusions: All the samples contained ozone levels lower than the occupational exposure limit and it was confirmed that the concentration of outdoor ozone had no significant effect on indoor ozone concentration.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.69-76
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• 2010

public certification is some kind of electric ID which can prove the valid user, based on open KEY. usually it had been used in the field of government complaint, e-commerce, financial. but recently it expands the its use range through computerization of work process of diversity fields such as e-sports, property, medical industry. because of this reason, importance for user certificate process is gradually rose. The purpose of this paper is looking at the method for user certification of public certificates and draw a way for enforce the user certification process by Vulnerability Analysis. To draw the alternative we study the Authentication Principle and policy structure of public certification system by researching references, has drew the limitation for policy of certification. we provide the guideline to enforce the user certification through conclusion which has been drew from previous step.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.260-267
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• 2021

Background: Elastic ear cartilage is a good source of tissue for support or augmentation in plastic and reconstructive surgery. However, the amount of ear cartilage is limited and excessive use of cartilage can cause deformation of the auricular framework. This animal study investigated the potential of periosteal chondrogenesis in an ear cartilage defect model. Methods: Twelve New Zealand white rabbits were used in the present study. Four ear cartilage defects were created in both ears of each rabbit, between the central artery and marginal veins. The defects were covered with perichondrium (group 1), periosteum taken from the calvarium (group 2), or periosteum taken from the tibia (group 3). No coverage was performed in a control group (group 4). All animals were sacrificed 6 weeks later, and the ratio of neo-cartilage to defect size was measured. Results: Significant chondrogenesis occurred only in group 1 (cartilage regeneration ratio: mean±standard deviation, 0.97±0.60), whereas the cartilage regeneration ratio was substantially lower in group 2 (0.10±0.11), group 3 (0.08±0.09), and group 4 (0.08±0.14) (p= 0.004). Instead of chondrogenesis, osteogenesis was observed in the periosteal graft groups. No statistically significant differences were found in the amount of osteogenesis or chondrogenesis between groups 2 and 3. Group 4 showed fibrous tissue accumulation in the defect area. Conclusion: Periosteal grafts showed weak chondrogenic potential in an ear cartilage defect model of rabbits; instead, they exhibited osteogenesis, irrespective of their embryological origin.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.16-25
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• 2023

There are various types of foreign object debris (FOD) in the aviation industry. Tools lost by workers can act as a risk factor throughout aircraft operation, manufacturing, and maintenance fields. Accidents caused by tools lost due to workers' carelessness continue to occur throughout the aviation industry. Aviation-related institutions such as FAA and EASA have established tool control regulations and systems to prevent FOD occurrence. However, in Korea, related regulations and procedures are insufficient. A systematic and effective tool control system is required for reliable manufacturing, airworthiness, operation, and maintenance of aircraft. In this paper, tool control regulations and procedures of domestic and foreign air traffic authorities and aviation industry-related organizations were studied. A wireless communication-based tool control system was proposed based on the NAS 412's tool control regulations certified by the National Standards Association.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.259-267
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• 2023

Stature is an essential component of biological profile analysis since it determines an individual's physical identity. Long bone dimensions are generally used to estimate the stature of skeletal remains; however, non-long bones such as the sternum, cranium, and sacrum may be necessary for some forensic situations. This study aimed to generate a regression equation for stature estimation of the skeletal remains in the Thai population. Ten measurements of the sacrum were measured from 200 dry sacra. The results revealed that the maximum anterior breadth (MAB) provided the most accurate stature prediction model among males (correlation coefficient [r]=0.53), standard error of estimation (SEE=5.94 cm), and females (r=0.48, SEE=6.34 cm). For the multiple regression model, the best multiple regression models were stature equals 41.2+0.374 (right auricular surface height [RASH])+1.072 (anterior-posterior outer diameter of S₁ vertebra corpus [APOD])+0.256 (dorsal height [DH])+0.417 (transverse inner diameter of S₁ vertebra corpus [TranID])+0.2 (MAB) with a SEE of 6.42 cm for combined sex. For males, stature equals 63.639+0.478 (MAB)+0.299 (DH)+0.508 (APOD) with a SEE of 5.35, and stature equals 75.181+0.362 (MAB)+0.441 (RASH)+0.132 (maximum anterior height [MAH]) with a SEE of 5.88 cm for females. This study suggests that regression equations derived from the sacrum can be used to estimate the stature of the Thai population, especially when a long bone is unavailable.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.52-59
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• 2003

Purpose : The renin-angiotensin system(RAS) plays an important role in renal growth and development. We have studied the prevalence of renal anomalies and documented the association between karyotype and renal anomalies using IVP and ultrasonography. Furthermore, to investigate the impact of RAS gene polymorphism on renal anomaly in Turner syndrome, we examined the ACE I/D genotype, angiotensinogen(AGT) gene M235T, angiotensin receptor type 1(ATR) gene A1166C. Methods : Cytogenetic analysis was performed in 33 Turner syndrome patients on peripheral blood lymphocytes. Ultrasonography(US) of the kidneys and collecting system and intravenous pyelography(IVP) were perfomed in all patients. Nuclear scintigraphy{Tc 99m dimercaptosuccinic acid(DMSA) scan} was also performed for the definite renal diagnosis if indicated. And, ACE I/D genotype, angiotensinogen(AGT) gene M235T, angiotensin receptor type 1(ATR) gene A1166C were examined by PCR amplification of genomic DNA samples. Results : The prevalence of renal anolmalies in Turner syndrome was 36.4%(12/33). The Karyotype 45, X was observed in 18 of the 33 girls(54.5%), of whom 8(44.4%) had renal anomalies. Mosaic karyotypes were observed in 11(33.3%) and four(12.2%) had a non-mosaic structural aberration of the X chromosome. In this group 4(25.7%) had renal anomalies. More renal anomalies were associated with the 45, X karyotype than those with mosaic/structural abnormalities of X chromosome, but the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05). And, there was no significant differences in the RAS gene polymorphism and allele frequencies between renal anomaly group and normal group in Turner syndrome. Conclusion : The prevalence of renal anolmalies in Turner syndrome was 36.4%. There is no significant differences in the RAS gene polymorphism and allele frequencies between the renal anomaly group and the normal group in Turner syndrome.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.629-644
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of whole-task sequencing emphasis manipulation on expertise acquisition in web based complex task. To achieve the purpose, emphasis manipulation sequencing type is composed of a simple emphasis manipulation, a snowballing manipulation, and a full emphasis manipulation sequencing and participants was drawn from a pool of 93 undergraduate students sampled for the study. According to the findings, a snowballing manipulation group invested significantly lower cognitive load than a full emphasis manipulation group but did not a simple emphasis manipulation group. Based on these findings, though complex task is included of high interactivity owing to real task, learner cannot suffer cognitive overload because emphasis manipulation which can view the whole task and the part task in parallel provides meta cognition for learner. And whole-task sequencing emphasis manipulation affects to transfer. The snowballing emphasis manipulation group invested significantly higher than simple emphasis manipulation group and full emphasis manipulation group. Based on these findings, the snowballing manipulation which learner use whole-task sequencing and part-task sequencing simultaneously contribute to understandings and ability to solve problems for complex task and it will in turn, lead to expertise acquisition.