• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.233-244
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• 2010

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, and 5-10% of the PD cases are genetically inherited as familial PD (FPD). LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) was first reported in 2004 as a gene corresponding to PARK8, an autosomal gene whose dominant mutations cause familial PD. LRRK2 contains both active kinase and GTPase domains as well as protein-protein interaction motifs such as LRR (leucine-rich repeat) and WD40. Most pathogenic LRRK2 mutations are located in either the GTPase or kinase domain, implying important roles for the enzymatic activities in PD pathogenic mechanisms. In comparison to other PD causative genes such as parkin and PINK1, LRRK2 exhibits two important features. One is that LRRK2's mutations (especially the G2019S mutation) were observed in sporadic as well as familial PD patients. Another is that, among the various PD-causing genes, pathological characteristics observed in patients carrying LRRK2 mutations are the most similar to patients with sporadic PD. Because of these two observations, LRRK2 has been intensively investigated for its pathogenic mechanism (s) and as a target gene for PD therapeutics. In this review, the general biochemical and molecular features of LRRK2, the recent results of LRRK2 studies and LRRK2's therapeutic potential as a PD target gene will be discussed.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.611-632
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• 2012

Beckett's life-long struggling with death may be illuminated in terms of the Western tradition of thanatology as well as Philippe Ariès's anthropological classification of death. Among the Western tradition, Beckett's oeuvre incarnates memento mori, timor mori, nihilism, theatrum mundi, life as afterlife, and the transsubstantiation of the self. Among the five views of death Ariès suggests, Beckett appears to foreground the death of the self and the invisible dirty death. In a world devoid of transcendental Signified, Beckett's resident is "a poor player/That struts and frets his hour upon the stage." Our contemporary vision of death is dominated by the dirty death and timor mori resurrected from the cultural icon of danse macabre in the late Mediaeval age as vividly dramatized in W;t by Margaret Edson. Beckett stands in no man's land: Lucky complains of divine aphathia as well as scopes at the possibility of God's existence like Hamm. Beckett's way of getting out of the dilemma is laughing a mirthless and dianoetic laugher. To bourgeois class who shudder at the sight of Grim Death after forgettable years of indulgence and addiction to capitalist consumption, Beckett seems to preach, your life is a death-in-life, you are not born yet until you are baptized with existential awakening as Gregor Samsa in Kafka's Verwandlung, or Tolstoy in Confession.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.153-163
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• 1986

GaAs, one of the III-V compounding semicondnctors, has been widely employed as base materials for the fabrication of the ultra-high-speed devices in the filelds of DBS, optical communications, MMIC'S and digital IC'S. There have been some reports on 4Kx4bit SRAM by D/E MESFET'S, 4K bit SRAM by HEMT'S, and receiver front ends for X-band by MMIC technologies, respectively. This paper reviews GaAs materials, wafer fabrication processes, device applications, and design aspects, and, finally, descusses the future of the ultra-high-spped-devices.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.225-232
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• 2013

The spatial separation of male's and female's area due to the law of 'Naeoei' is one of the trademark features of residence by the building principle of 'Confucianism' in the upper class house in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. Thanks to modernized agriculture and commerce, the residence of 'Sinheung-Yangban' developed. And they were influenced by the economic and living characteristics than traditional custom. So the residence of 'Sinheung-Yangban' is very important in terms of the course of modernizing of the korean traditional residence. Researcher figures out the influences of the law of 'Naeoei' in residence and the characteristics of male's and female's field in terms of daily life with investigating the residence of 'Sinheung-Yangban' as the upper class house in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. Through this, the goal of this study is to find the properties of male's and female's field of upper class houses in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. With this study, the followings are the characteristics of male's and female's spatial composition of upper class houses in Gyong-gi Province in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. First, the traditional law of 'Naeoei' plays a primary role as the principle of building of upper class houses in Gyong-gi Province in the late of the Chosun Dynasty. With a natural result, there is a clear spatial separation as the male's and female's social role. Second, 'An-Chae' and 'Sarang-Chae' as male's and female's living space are separated physically, but real living life tends to be syntagmatically made with 'An-Madang' as the center. Third, spatial integration of 'An-Madang' as the center results in the development of architectural connection factors of 'An-Chae' and 'BaKat-Chae' adjoining 'An-Madang', facing 'Toei-Gan', 'Maru', and 'door'. Forth, the boundary of male's and female's areas is relatively clear between dwellers and visitors, but on the other hand, the separation of male's and female's spaces between family members has little significance.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.87-98
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the relations among Father's parenting behavior, Son's emotional regulation and Aggression. The subjects of this study were 191 male-students of 5th, 6th-grade living in Seoul and Kyoung-ki province. The data were collected via questionnaires. As results, Father's rewarding attitude toward Son's aggression was significantly related to Son's reactive aggression. And Father's coercive parenting was the most predictable variable for Son's relational aggression. It is suggested that father's parenting behavior is very important antecedent variables to predict children aggression as well as emotional regulation.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.125-155
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• 1995

This research has been studied the influence of Song Dynasty mode upon clothes and ornaments of Korea Dynasty by Seo Gung's (徐競) 『SunWhaBongSa KoryoDoKyung』(宣和奉使高麗圖經) and in Korea Dynasty period, by Buddhist picture. The clothing of the Song Dynasty was quite reserved and conservative, fewer variations and quiter colours thus conveying a feeling of simplicity and naturalness. Their clothings were no more luxurious than the clothing of Dang Dynasty. We had read that when Seo Gung visited Korea for month, and then it is in Emperor Injong's reign(A.D. 1123). Korea women's clothes and ornaments were followed by Song dynasty's clothing pattern as much as the took notice of Korea women's clothing. Korea DoKyung showed Song women's clothing that whal clothing that whal clothing (華衣), Yuansam(圖經) were Korea women's a ceremonial dress and so, Koryo women's clothing were very influenced by Song's mode. The conclusion of the research are as follows found out that Korea women's a ceremonial dresses were similar to Song's.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1134-1149
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• 2016

This study identified domestic and foreign golf clothing norms and extended recognition and attitude on golf clothing norms expressed in a golf wear style for golfer groups in their 20s-30s. Domestic golf clothing norms were derived from a theoretical research and case study; subsequently, golfers in their 20s-30s were classified into 4 groups. In-depth interviews were conducted using a serious leisure concept to analyze attitudes and stylistic expressions. Domestic golf clothing norms derived from stipulated and implicit norms varied as a type and situation of a golf course, gender of the golfer, and domestic golfers in their 20s-30s perceived such a point. For golfers in their 20s-30s, attitudes on golf clothing norms and their stylistic expressions showed differences according to gender and leisure type. As for gender characteristics, female golfers focused on 'look prettier' in stylistic expressions through experiences with a double-standard clothing norm; however, male golfers showed strict application and observance of a clothing norm in stylistic expressions compared to female golfers. However, male golfer groups in their 20s-30s as 'casual leisure participants' and those as 'serious leisure participants' showed differences becuase the former showed a tendency to observe clothing norms from other viewpoints and evaluations and the latter showed off their abilities and careers as a means of distinction. As for characteristic of stylistic expressions according to a leisure type, golfers in their 20s-30s showed distinction as serious leisure participants through forming new and independent clothing norms. Research findings are expected to provide an opportunity to reconsidering the influence of clothing norms in young people who have a strong tendency to express clothing style as a means to pursue individuality and taste.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.554-566
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to classify the consumption values of 20's and 30's female consumers, identify the differences among the consumption value groups, and analyze purchase behaviors of imported fashion luxury brands according to the consumption value types. The subjects were 518 women who purchased luxury bags. The results of the study were as follows. First, as a result of cluster analysis to classify the consumption values of 20's and 30's female consumers, 4 groups were identified as "rare and emotional pursuit group", "functional pursuit group", "fashion pursuit group", and "social and conspicuous pursuit group". Second, 4 groups showed different luxury bag purchase behaviors, such as purchase motivation, purchase selection criteria, information source, purchase frequency, purchase cost of one time, purchase cost of year, the number of possession, purchase place, and store selection criteria. Third, rare and emotional pursuit group ranked the first in terms of product, price, and store satisfaction. Therefore, consumption values were identified as the important factor suggesting purchase behaviors of female consumers in 20's and 30's.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.39-54
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine natural groupings of the sub-factors of mother's reaction to children's negative emotions. The natural groupings were as follows; the emotion-coaching-reaction, the emotion-minimizing-reaction and oversensitive reaction. In addition, this paper also investigated individual differences in children's emotion regulation by clusters of sub-factors of mother's reaction to children's negative emotions. Methods: The subjects of this study consisted of 318 children. The data were analyzed using cluster analysis and one-way ANOVA. Results: The results suggested four proper clusters, according to the characteristics of mother's reaction to children's negative emotions. Cluster 1 was categorized as 'child centered-emotion coaching', cluster 2 was categorized as 'oversensitive-emotion coaching comorbid', cluster 3 was categorized as 'acception-emotion minimizing confused' and cluster 4 was categorized as 'emotion minimizing-unsupporting.' Additionally, the differences between Emotion regulations in each cluster showed distinct points of interest. In terms of the maladaptive emotion regulation, cluster 3 showed the highest level followed by cluster 4. And cluster 1 and 2 showed the lowest level. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study helped to find a deeper understanding of the operation of specific clusters of mother's reaction to children's negative emotion and children's emotion regulation.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 1983

The occurrence of PZ-peptidase in Streptococcus sanguis and other oral bacteria was investigated utilizing washed whole cells as the enzyme source and PZ-pentapeptide as its substrate. Under the culture conditions employed in the present study. Streptococcus sanguis strains, fresh isolates as well as laboratory strains, produced a broad range of the enzyme activity (0.5-7.9 unit/mg protein). The strains of both Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli showed low levels of activity (0-0.5 unit/mg protein for S. mutans). As compared with the enzyme activities of other bacteria, a moderate range of activity was produced by the strains of Strptococcus mitis nad Strptoccus salivarius. Actinomyces strains, like those of S. sanguis, produced a varying amount of activity (0-9.8 unit/ mg protein). A possible involvement of the oral bacterial PZ-peptidase in the metabolism of human saliva proteins is discussed.