• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2012년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.701-703
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• 2012

양돈산업에서의 인공수정(Artificial Insemination, AI) 기술은 1994년 이후 본격적으로 국내 양돈농가에 보급되어 양돈 산업 발전에 기초가 되었다. 현재 우리나라에서 양돈분야에서의 AI 공급은 크게 3단계 그룹으로 분류되어 있다. 각 단계에서의 수많은 변수들로 인하여 현재까지 체계적이고 종합적인 관리의 시도는 이루어지지 않았다. 이에 웹을 기반으로 전국 AI센터의 통합정보시스템을 설계 구축하고 AI센터와 소비자 단계의 이력 관리를 지원하는 개선된 AI PigMoS 시스템을 제안하고 구현하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 AI PigMoS 시스템은 웹을 기반으로 전국 AI센터의 정보를 통합관리 운영할 수 있으며, 또한 웅돈, 정액생산 및 판매관리 등에 대해서 이력추적을 할 수 있도록 설계 하였다. 이는 전국 AI센터의 효율적인 관리운영 뿐만 아니라 통합된 AI센터 관련정보의 분석 및 미래 예측자료 등으로 활용되어 효율적인 돼지 개량 체계를 구축할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.775-777
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• 2012

양돈산업에서의 인공수정(Artificial Insemination, AI) 기술은 1994년 이후 본격적으로 국내 양돈농가에 보급되어 양돈 산업 발전에 기초가 되었다. 이러한 중요성에도 불구하고 전국 AI센터의 정액 생산 및 공급체계에 관한 통합관리는 전무한 상태이며, 전국 50여개의 AI센터에서 생성된 정보는 독립된 개별시스템에 의해 관리되고 있다. 이는 전염성이 강한 질병 발생에 대한 대응방안 모색과 전국적인 돼지개량 정책 등을 종합적으로 수립할 때 통합정보관리 분석의 한계점을 가지게 한다. 이에 웹을 기반으로 전국 AI센터의 정액생산 및 공급체계 등에 관하여 통합할 수 있는 AI PigMoS 시스템을 제안하고 구현하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 AI PigMoS 시스템은 웹을 기반으로 전국 AI센터의 정보를 통합관리 운영할 수 있다. 제안된 시스템은 웅돈, 정액생산 및 판매관리 등에 대해서 이력추적을 할 수 있도록 설계하였으며, 고객관리, 회계, 통계 및 경영관리 등에 대해서는 통합적으로 관리 운영할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 이는 전국 AI센터의 효율적인 관리운영 뿐만 아니라 통합된 AI센터 관련정보의 분석 및 미래 예측자료 등으로 활용되어 효율적인 돼지개량 체계를 구축할 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2013년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.951-952
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• 2013

국내 양돈분야에서의 AI(Artificial Insemination)센터는 인공수정 기술의 개발과 보급과 관하여서는 중추적인 역할을 수행하고 있다. 그러나 현재 전국AI센터에서 사용하고 있는 정보관리 시스템은 독립적이고 운영체제에 의존적인 형태로 운영되고 있다. 따라서 현재 전국AI센터 정보관리 체계는 실시간으로 정보관리 시스템의 접근제한과 모바일 서비스 등의 분야에서 그 분명한 한계를 가진다. 이에 본 논문에서는 유무선 통합(FMC) AI PigMoS(Pig Monitoring System, PigMoS) 시스템을 제안하고 구현하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 FMC AI PigMoS 시스템은 이동성, 실시간 정보관리 등을 지원할 수 있도록 인터넷과 모바일에서 운영할 수 있도록 구현 하였다. 구현된 FMC AI PigMoS 시스템은 이동성과 실시간 정보관리 등에 필요한 모듈 중심으로 설계하고 구현하였다. 이는 원거리 소비자들에게 각 AI센터에서 생성된 AI정보를 실시간으로 제공하여 개별AI센터의 경쟁력 향상을 높일 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국동물생명공학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.40-47
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• 2024

Background: Sperm quality and the number of sperm introduced into the uterus during artificial insemination (AI) are pivotal factors influencing pregnancy outcomes. However, there have been no reports on the relationship between sperm concentration at AI and sperm quality in Hanwoo cattle. In this study, we examined sperm quality and pregnancy rates after AI using sperm inseminated at different concentrations. Methods: We evaluated the motility, viability, and acrosomal membrane integrity of sperm at different concentrations (10, 15, 18, and 20 million sperm/straw) in 0.5-mL straws. Subsequently, we compared the pregnancy rates after AI with different sperm concentrations. Results: After freeze-thawing, sperm at the assessed concentrations showed similar viability and acrosomal membrane integrity. After AI, cattle in the 10 million group had significantly lower pregnancy rates compared to those in the 18 and 20 million groups. Conversely, there were no statistically significant variances observed between cattle in the 10 and 15 million groups. Conclusions: Sperm at concentrations of 10, 15, 18 and 20 million per straw exhibited comparable motility, viability, and acrosomal membrane integrity. However, a concentration of at least 18 million sperm per straw is required to achieve a consistent rate of pregnancy rate in Hanwoo cattle after AI.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.182-187
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• 1986

As a fundamental study to increase the fertility and to modify the sex ratio in cattle, highly motile sperm were separated by bovine serum albumin gradients. The pregnancy rates of Korean native cow and Holstein cow, and the sex ratio between AI and natural mating were also investigated. The results obtained were as follows. 1. First service pregnancy rate of Korean native cow in artificial insemination was higher than that of Holstein. 2. At secondary sex ratio in artificial insemination and natural mating, male ratio in artifical insemination was slightly higher than that in natural mating. 3. The sperm separated from marketed frozen semen using 6%, 10% and 20% bovine serum albumin showed significantly high value in motility, percent of normal sperm and progressive motility as compared with control sperm.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.804-810
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• 2020

The profitability of the dairy and beef industries is largely affected by the actually achieved reproductive efficiency. Although a large proportion of cows worldwide are bred by artificial insemination (AI) services, many potential factors affecting the outcome of pregnancy by AI remain to be addressed. In the present study, we investigated the vaginal microbiota by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and analyzed their association with differential pregnancy outcomes (i.e., pregnant vs. nonpregnant) of multiple AI services in dairy cows. Sequencing of the V3-V4 region totally produced 512,046 high-quality sequences that were computationally clustered into 2,584 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). All OTUs were taxonomically assigned to 10 bacterial phyla. There were statistically significant differences among the three AI service times (T1, T2 and T3) with respect to the Shannon index and number of observed OTUs (p < 0.05). Bray-Curtis distance-based PCoA analysis also revealed that T2 group could be significantly distinguished from T1 and T3. However, no significant difference between the pregnant and nonpregnant cows was found in confidence regarding both alpha diversity and beta diversity. These results could help us better understand the possible influence of vaginal microbial community on pregnancy outcomes of AI service in cows.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the optimal artificial insemination (AI) time with diagnostic kit at ovulation time. We already applied the patent about the protein in the cow heat mucose in external reproductive tract. And we would examine the accuracy for detection of cow heat by the kit produced with the protein. Evaluation of optimal heat detection was tried two time at 12 hrs and 24 hrs after the heat. And then, AI service also performed two times with no relation to the results of heat diagnosis by heat detection kit and pregnancy rates were checked with rectal palpation on $60^{th}$ day after AI. Heat diagnostic results by kit in natural heat after 12 hrs in Hanwoo cows were showed 31.3~75.0% on positive in first heat detection and 33.3~100.0% on positve in second heat detection. In the $1^{st}$ positive results were significant different (p<0.05), but $2^{nd}$ positive were not. The results of heat detection showed different result on regional influence and individual cow effects. The pregnancy rates of first trial of heat detection were showed 34.4~78.7% on positive and 21.3~68.8% on negative after the diagnosis by heat detection kit. And the pregnancy rates of next trial of heat detection were showed 33.3~85.7% on positive and 14.3~66.6% on negative after the heat diagnosis. Both positive results of first trial and next trial also were showed significant different (p<0.05), but negative results were not. In positive result, first trial of total pregnancy rates was higher than the next trial of pregnancy, but there showed opposite results on negative results. In conclusion, the optimal heat detection kit is suitable to ordinary Hanwoo cows and it suggested that we have to improve the kit's accuracy by detecting the materials like proteins related optimal AI time.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.6-9
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of lower numbers of sperm $(3{\times}10^9)$ per dose liquid semen and type of semen used in artificial insemination (AI) on sow reproductive performance in subtropical area. Semen was supplied by two commercial AI centers. A total of 671 female pigs from seven farms were inseminated with either $3{\times}10^9$ or $5{\times}10^9$ sperm per dose. Two types of semen were used: heterospermic semen from two boars of the same breed and homospermic semen from a single boar. After insemination, conception rate, farrowing rate, total litter size, and number of dead piglets were recorded. The analysis of variance indicated that there was no significant effect of interactions between pig farm, type of semen, or number of sperm on any of the traits measured. There were significant differences in conception rate, farrowing rate, and total litter size among pig farms (p<0.05). The effect of number of sperm per dose liquid semen ($3{\times}10^9$ or $5{\times}10^9$) was not significant. Sows inseminated with homospermic semen showed significantly higher conception and farrowing rates but significantly lower total litter size (p<0.05). In conclusion, the number of sperm per dose liquid semen for AI could be lowered to $3{\times}10^9 $ without affecting reproductive performance in subtropical areas like Taiwan.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2011

Artificial insemination (AI) of swine is a very useful reproductive tool and that offers convenience in the Korean swine industry. Since many viruses have been reported to be excreted through boar semen, we investigated the presence of antibodies and antigens against viruses causing reproductive failure in semen of boar in 349 semen samples collected from six Korean AI centers. Viral antigens were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or reverse transcription-PCR predominantly. The results was as follows. The major reproductive failure causing factor was porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), followed by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) ($X^2$=166.64, P<0.001). PCV2 and PRRSV, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) was detected in 73 samples (20.9%), 44 samples (12.6%), 4 samples (1.1%), 3 samples (0.9%), respectively and porcine parvovirus in one sample (0.3%) Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), bovine viral diarrhea virus and Aujeszky's disease virus (ADV) were not detected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was carried out in 111 serum samples from three AI centers. In most pigs, antibodies response was showed prominently in CSFV (105 sera, 94.6%) ($X^2$=82.580, P<0.001), followed by, in PRRSV (100 sera, 90.1%), PCV2 (92 sera, 90.1%), and PPV (8 sera, 82.9%). ADV antibody was not detected. Thus, the experimental results will be used for the base data, with respect to the state of viral stillbirth in general pig farms, as well as AI centers and breeding farms in Korea.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.8.1-8.6
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• 2014

Background: Artificial insemination (AI) can serve as a powerful tool to the sheep owners for making rapid genetic progress of their flock. The AI in sheep is mostly performed using fresh semen with two reasons i) lambing rate following trans-cervical AI with frozen semen is limited by the inability of frozen-thawed sperm to transit the cervix and ii) the need of circumventing the cervical barrier through laparoscope aided intrauterine AI. Therefore, AI with frozen-thawed semen is not as widespread in sheep as it is in other domestic species. However, to get maximum benefits through the use of AI, frozen-thawed semen is a prerequisite because instead of high fertility, the short shelf life of fresh semen coupled with a limitation on the number of insemination doses achievable per unit time restricts the widespread use of individual sires. Therefore, in order to enhance lambing rate, a total of 240 trans-cervical artificial inseminations with frozen-thawed semen were performed in Bharat Merino ewes during autumn season either once in the evening (G-I, 10 h after onset of estrus, n = 100) or twice (G-II, 14 h and 22 h after onset of estrus, n = 140) i.e. once in the morning and again in the evening. Results: The pregnancy rate (proportion of pregnant ewes confirmed by ultrasonography at day 40) and lambing rate (proportion of ewes lambed) were higher in G-II as compared to G-I (26.4 vs 20% and 19.3 vs 10%, respectively). The difference in lambing rates was statistically (P < 0.05) significant. The depth of insemination within cervico-uterine tract had no significant effect on pregnancy and lambing rates. Conclusions: The results indicate that lambing rate in sheep following TCAI with frozen-thawed semen was significantly influenced by time of inseminations. Two inseminations after 14 and 22 h of onset of estrus enhanced the lambing rates of Bharat Merino sheep as compare to single insemination after 10 h of onset of estrus. The TCAI technique with frozen-thawed ram semen is promising and may serve as a valuable tool for genetic improvement of sheep breeds. Research efforts are going on worldwide to overcome the poor fertility following TCAI with frozen-thawed semen.