• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.417-425
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the whitening effect of Angelicae dahuricae Radix water extract (ADWE) by its application on artificial tanning spots which were induced by 1,500 $mJ/cm^2$ of UVB radiation on the backs of brown guinea pigs weighing approximately 450~500 g. Thirty ${\mu}l$ of ADWE, at each application, were applied twice a day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks to the guinea pigs. The artificial tanning spots were divided into 3 groups which were vehicle control group [propylene glycol: ethanol: water (5:3:2)], positive control group (2% hydroquinone) and experimental group (2% ADWE). The visible whitening effect and changes in melanin index were evaluated once a week. On completion of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed under anesthetization, and the artificial tanning spots were excised by biopsy punch and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) to observe histological change and also stained with Fontana-Masson's silver (F-M) and S-100 to observe melanin pigmentation and melanocytes. In the gross observation, the experimental group showed higher pigmentation than the positive control group but lower pigmentation than the vehicle control group. Histological observation confirmed that ADWE had a positive whitening effect by showing a lower distribution of melanin and melanocytes in the epidermis of experimental group than in the vehicle control group.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

Gears, crucial components in modern precision machinery for power transmission mechanisms, are required to have low contacting noise with high torque transmission, which makes the use of gear-tooth profile modifications and gear-tooth surface crowning extremely efficient and valuable. Due to the shortcomings of current techniques, such as manual rectification, mechanical modification, and numerically controlled rectification, we propose a novel electrochemical gear-tooth profile modification method based on an artificial neural network control technique. The fundamentals of electrochemical tooth-profile modifications based on real-time control and a mathematical model of the process are discussed in detail. Due to the complex and uncertain relationships among the machining parameters of electrochemical tooth-profile modification processes, we used an artificial neural network to determine the required processing electric current as the tooth-profile modification requirements were supplied. The system was implemented and a practical example was used to demonstrate that this technology is feasible and has potential applications in the production of precision machinery.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2014

This study aimed at developing and evaluating performance of the two logics for respectively operating two-position- and variable-heating systems. Both logics control the heating system and openings of the double skin facade buildings in an integrated manner. Artificial neural network models were applied for the predictive and adaptive controls in order to optimally condition the indoor thermal environment. Numerical computer simulation methods using the MATLAB (Matrix Laboratory) and TRNSYS (Transient Systems Simulation) were employed for the performance tests of the logics in the test module. Analysis on the test results revealed that the variable control logic provided more comfortable and stable temperature conditions with the increased comfortable period and the decreased standard deviation from the center of the comfortable range. In addition, the amount of heat supply to the indoor space was significantly reduced by the variable control logic. Thus, it can be concluded that the optimal control method using the artificial neural network model can work more effectively when it is applied to the variable heating systems.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.131-145
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of artificial balenotherapy on the with degenerative osteoarthritis were selected as the subject do this study among the patients with degenerative osteoarthritis having pains in their knees by the criteria of America Rheumatoid Association. And the randomly selected ten patients out of the twenty were classified as an artificial balenotherapy group and the other the Patients were in a control group. Ten individuals with degenerative osteoarthritis patients in the artificial balenotherapy group Participated in artificial balenotherapy Program four weeks from March 1st, 2003 to March 31st, 2003 in Daegu 00 hospital. Ten individuals with degenerative osteoarthritis in the control group did not receive Artificial Balenotherapy. The conclusions were as follows: 1. After 4 weeks of therapy, the score of WBC(p < 0.01), RBC(p < 0.01), HTC(p < 0.01) in the artificial blalenotherapy group were significantly decreased, compared with their scores in pre-intervention. 2.In the balenotherapy group, significantly increase $Na^{+}$ ion(P < 0.05), decrease K ion(p < 0.01), unchanged Cl ion scores were found, compared with their scores in pro-intervention. 3. The result of the substudy about the effects of artificial balenotherapy on the substances that have relations with the function of liver were following that artificial balenotherapy group, increased total bilirubin(P < 0.01), unchanged total Protein, Albumin, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT, ALP were found, compared with their score in pre-intervention. 4. The result of the substudy about the effects of artificial balenotherapy on the substances that have relations with the function of kidney were following that in the artificial balenotherapy group, reduced BUN(P < 0.05), and increased creatine were found. 5. The result of the substudy about effects of artificial balenotherapy on the knee pain visual analog score, knee's functional score, ADL score were following that in the artificial balenotherapy group, decreased VAS score(P < 0.05), increased ADL score(p < 0.01), unchanged knee's functional score were founf, compared with their scores of the pre-intervention. In conclusion, the result of this study suggest that artificial balenotherapy improved ADL score and reduced knee pain visual analog score of the patients with degenerative osteoarthritis. The result proposed that appropriate use of artificial balenotherapy improves the degenerative osteoarthritis

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.152-159
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• 1996

Experiment was performed in a newly developed wind tunnel with light system to determine the aerodynamic resistance and eddy diffusivity above the plug stand under artificial light. Maximum air temperature appeared near the top of the plug stand under artificial light. Since Richardson number was ranged from -0.07 to +0.01, the atmosphere above the plug stand in wind tunnel was in an unstable or near- neutral stability state. The average aerodynamic resistance at rear region of plug stand was 25 % higher than that at middle region. Eddy diffusivity($K_{M}$) linearly increased with the increasing air current speed. $K_{M}$ at air current speed of 0.9 m.$s^{-1}$ was about two times as many as that at air current speed of 0.3 m.$s^{-1}$. And average $K_{M}$ at the rear region was 15% lower than that at the middle region. These results indicated that the diffusion of heat and mass along the direction of air current inside the plug stand was different. It might cause the lack of uniformity in the growth and quality of plug seedlings. The wind tunnel developed in this study would be useful to investigate the effects of air current speed on microclimates and the growth of plug seedlings under artificial light in a semi- closed ecosystem.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.290-297
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• 2010

토마토 생육에 있어 보조광원으로 메탈할라이드등, 고압나트륨등, 형광등을 하루 5시간을 처리 하여 토마토 생육 및 생산성에 대한 영향을 확인 해 본 결과 생육은 인공광 처리가 무처리 구 에 비하여 6~10% 증가하는 결과를 얻을수 있었다. 수량 및 생산성 증가에 있어서 인공광 처리가 무처리구보다 1.5~2배 증가 하였으며 수익성 증가는 10a당 1작기에 최소 9,400,000원에서 최대 28,200,000원 증가되었다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1294-1297
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• 2003

With the development of medical field, many kinds of operations have been performed on human articulation. Arthroscopic surgery, which has Irrigation Pumping System for security of operator vision and washing spaces of operation, has been used for more merits than others. In this paper, it is presented that the research on a reliable control algorithm of the pumping system instrument for arthroscopic surgery. Before clinical operation, the flexible artificial articulation model is used for realizing the model the most same as human's and the algorithm has been exploited for it. This system is considered of the following; limited sensing point, dynamic effect by compliance, time delay by fluid flow and so on. The system is composed with a pressure controller, a regulator for keeping air pressure, an airtight tank that can have distilled water packs, artificial articulation and a measuring system, and has controlled by the feedback of pressure sensor on the artificial articulation. Also the system has applied to Smith Predictor for time delay and the parameter estimation method for the most suitable system with both the experiment data and modeling. In this paper, the pressure error that is between an air pressure tank and an artificial articulation was measured so that the system could be presumed and then the controller had developed for performing State-Feedback. Finally, the controller with a real microprocessor has realized. The confidence of system can be proved by applying this control algorithm to an artificial articulation experiment material.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.188-192
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• 2012

In this study, a carbon nanotube (CNT) flexible strain sensor was fabricated with CNT based epoxy and rubber composites for tactile sensing. The flexible strain sensor can be fabricated as a long fibrous sensor and it also may be able to measure large deformation and contact information on a structure. The long and flexible sensor can be considered to be a continuous sensor like a dendrite of a neuron in the human body and we named the sensor as a biomimetic artificial neuron. For the application of the neuron in biomimetic engineering, an ANMS (Artificial Neuron Matrix System) was developed by means of the array of the neurons with a signal processing system. Moreover, a strain positioning algorithm was also developed to find localized tactile information of the ANMS with Labview for the application of an artificial e-skin.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2006

The geoidal undulations are needed for determining the orthometric heights from the Global Positioning System GPS-derived ellipsoidal heights. There are several methods for geoidal undulation determination. The paper presents a method employing a simple architecture Two Layer Multiquadric-Biharmonic Artificial Neural Network (TLMB-ANN) to approximate an area of 4200 square kilometres quasigeoid surface with GPS-levelling data. Hardy’s Multiquadric-Biharmonic functions is used as the hidden layer neurons’ activation function and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm is used to train the artificial neural network. In numerical examples five surfaces were compared: the gravimetric geometry hybrid quasigeoid, Support Vector Machine (SVM) model, Hybrid Fuzzy Neural Network (HFNN) model, Traditional Three Layer Artificial Neural Network (ANN) with tanh activation function and TLMB-ANN surface approximation. The effectiveness of TLMB-ANN surface approximation depends on the number of control points. If the number of well-distributed control points is sufficiently large, the results are similar with those obtained by gravity and geometry hybrid method. Importantly, TLMB-ANN surface approximation model possesses good extrapolation performance with high precision.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.386-395
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• 2009

In this paper, a new control algorithm for the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is proposed to regulate the load terminal voltage during various power quality problems that include sag, swell, harmonics and unbalance in the voltage at the point of common coupling (PCC). The proposed control strategy is an Adaline (Adaptive linear element) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and is used to control a capacitor supported DVR for power quality improvement. A capacitor supported DVR does not need any active power during steady state because the voltage injected is in quadrature with the feeder current. The control of the DVR is implemented through derived reference load terminal voltages. The proposed control strategy is validated through extensive simulation studies using the MATLAB software with its Simulink and SimPower System (SPS) toolboxes. The DVR is found suitable to support its dc bus voltage through the control under various disturbances.