• 보존과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.345-351
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• 2014

인용사지에서 출토된 청동기 5점으로부터 채취한 시료를 대상으로 원료의 기원과 이동을 확인하기 위해 성분분석 및 납동위원소비 분석을 실시하였다. 인용사지에서 출토된 청동기는 구리 및 주석의 이원계 합금으로 제작되어 납이 인위적으로 첨가되지 않음을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 출토 청동기의 납동위원소비 분석 결과, Mabuchi(1985)의 분포도에 의해 한반도 남부 및 중국 남부 지역에 포함됨을 확인하였으며, 한반도 납동위원소 분포도에 도시하여 태백산분지인 Zone 2 및 옥천변성대에 해당하는 Zone 3에 위치함을 알 수 있었다. 대상 유물은 모두 납의 함량이 상당히 적은 주석청동으로, 이때의 납동위원소비는 구리 광석의 산지에서 기인하는 것으로 추정할 수 있다. 납동위원소비 분석은 납을 미량으로 포함한 모든 유물에 적용 가능하므로, 다양하게 해석할 수 있으며, 추가적인 데이터의 확보와 연구를 통해 산지 추정 연구의 신뢰성을 높일 수 있을 것이라 판단된다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2014

북한 쪽 백두산 지역에서 산출되는 흑요석과 부산 가덕도 유적지에서 출토된 흑요석제 석기에 포함되어 있는 미세결정을 대상으로 그 형태적 분류 및 화학조성에 대한 연구를 실시하였다. 백두산 흑요석은 육안 및 경하관찰에 의한 분류결과 세 개의 그룹으로 구분되며, 형태적으로는 트리카이트-아시큘러와 트리카이트-에스테로이달의 미세결정이 우세하게 분포한다. 한편 가덕도 흑요석은 분류결과 5개의 그룹으로 구분되며, 아시큘러, 마가라이트, 래쓰결정, 에스테로이달 등의 다양한 미세결정이 분포한다. 백두산 흑요석 내의 규산염 미세결정은 대부분 헤덴버자이트 내지 오자이트의 조성을 가지는 휘석으로 나타났으나, 가덕도 흑요석 내의 규산염 미세결정은 대부분이 애나이트 조성에 가까운 흑운모이며 일부 마가라이트 형태의 미세결정은 훼로실라이트 조성의 휘석으로 나타났다. 이로부터 백두산 흑요석과 가덕도 흑요석은 미세결정의 형태, 광물 종류 및 그 화학성분 등에서 상이함을 알 수 있다. 가덕도 유적지에서 출토된 흑요석제 석기는 백두산지역 흑요석과는 성인적인 관련성이 없는 것으로 판단된다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.110-119
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• 2015

풍납토성은 백제 초기의 토성으로 토기 및 주거유물과 더불어 다량의 청동기가 출토되었다. 본 연구에서는 풍납토성 출토 청동기의 제작기술과 청동기 내에 포함된 납 원료의 산지를 추정하기 위해 출토지가 명확한 7점의 청동기 시편에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 금속심이 남아있는 4점에 대한 미세조직 및 성분 분석 결과, 3점은 Cu-Sn-Pb의 3원계 합금이며 나머지 1점은 Cu-Sn의 2원계 합금의 청동기로, 조직 내에 뚜렷한 쌍정이 관찰 됨을 확인할 수 있다. 또한 주성분 이외에 S(황), Fe(철)가 검출되어 황동광($CuFeS_2$) 또는 반동광($Cu_5FeS_4$)을 원광석으로 사용하였음을 알 수 있다. 납동위원소비 분석을 이용한 산지 추정 결과 4점의 청동포수, 청동세환 2점, 청동유물 편(나)의 청동기에 산지는 zone 3(충청남 북도, 전라남 북도)의 지역으로 표시되었다. 청동유물 편(라)는 중국 북부로 표시되었으며 청동검은 zone 2(경상남 북도)의 원료를 사용하여 제작하였을 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권18호
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• pp.8351-8358
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• 2016

Electronic cleansing is an image post processing technique in which the tagged colonic content is subtracted from colon using CTC images. There are post processing artefacts, like: 1) soft tissue degradation; 2) incomplete cleansing; 3) misclassification of polyp due to pseudo enhanced voxels; and 4) pseudo soft tissue structures. The objective of the study was to subtract the tagged colonic content without losing the soft tissue structures. This paper proposes a novel adaptive method to solve the first three problems using a multi-step algorithm. It uses a new edge model-based method which involves colon segmentation, priori information of Hounsfield units (HU) of different colonic contents at specific tube voltages, subtracting the tagging materials, restoring the soft tissue structures based on selective HU, removing boundary between air-contrast, and applying a filter to clean minute particles due to improperly tagged endoluminal fluids which appear as noise. The main finding of the study was submerged soft tissue structures were absolutely preserved and the pseudo enhanced intensities were corrected without any artifact. The method was implemented with multithreading for parallel processing in a high performance computer. The technique was applied on a fecal tagged dataset (30 patients) where the tagging agent was not completely removed from colon. The results were then qualitatively validated by radiologists for any image processing artifacts.

• 복식
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.178-197
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• 2008

Due to the inflow of the western culture since the 19th century, female skirts and jackets have been changed considerably in detail though their basic composition was maintained. The analysis on female jackets from the start of the modern period to 1960s has been undertaken with artefacts as well as reports and research dissertations related to them. For period appraisal, analysis was divided into several periods which are from 1890s to 1910s, and every 10 years afterwards. As a result, aspects for the appraisal in each period was found. Aspects for period appraisal in modern jackets can be a change in total length and side length, a change in shape of the sleeves (from straight to round), a change in width, and a difference in closed shape of the collars. Material and color can be another aspect which shows fashionable material or new materials (man-made textile or nylon) of each period, color combination of surface and lining material as well as other parts of the jacket, use of a stiffener made with net or sheer textiles. Research using books and archives is important for the appraisal of the garment artifact. However, most of all, one should have the attitude of examining the artifacts frequently in order to achieve deeper understanding and an eye for accurate appraisal.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 2009

Contaminative artifacts such as carbonaceous materials on carbon-coated microgrids are unavoidable, which is induced by electron beam exposure inside electron microscopes. This phenomenon raise a source to produce confusing information to the samples investigated by analytical TEM, which should be alleviated as much as possible. As experimental precautions for reducing this unwanted effect, the use of $LN_2$ cooled anti-contaminator and pre-illumination of electron beam at low magnification can be helpful. Nevertheless, we should be cautious to set an illumination condition for microanalysis because the contaminative effect is dependent with the types of irradiation situations, which is well known to be a decisive factor for causing the carbonaceous artifacts. Accordingly, it is necessary that optimal illumination to minimize the contaminative effect should be selected for improving the accuracy of microanalysis. In this paper, we introduce the practical method to determine the optimal illumination condition by evaluating the contaminative effect as a function of instrumental spot size, which is directly linked with electron current density.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1363-1372
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• 2015

Smart structures and intelligent systems play pivotal roles in numerous areas of applied sciences ranging from civil engineering to computer and communications systems engineering. Although such structures and systems have been intensively deployed in these areas, they have been, interestingly, very rarely deployed in the field of cultural heritage preservation.This paper presents one of thefirst such attempts. A new methodology is describedthat deploys smart structures andlinks them with artificial intelligence methods.These solutions are referred toas advanced hybrid engineering artefacts. By their use,important environmental factors can be monitoredin hard to access, remote or unsafe locationsby minimizing the need for human involvement. In addition toproviding safety the methodologyalso reduces costs and, most importantly,providesa new way to modelany particular micro-environment in a much more efficient way than this is possible with traditional ways. Last but not least, although themethodology has been developed for cultural heritage preservation, its application areas are much broader and it is expected that it will find its applicationin other domains like civil engineering and ecology.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2006년도 하계종합학술대회
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• pp.817-818
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• 2006

In Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI), the QRS complex of ECG is used as a trigger signal for MRI scan. But, gradient and RF(radio frequency) artifacts which are caused to static and dynamic field in MRI scanner cause interference in the ECG. Also, the signal shape of theses artifacts can be similar to the QRS-complex, causing possible misinterpretation during patient monitoring and false gating of the MRI. In case of using general FIR or IIR band-pass filters for minimizing the artifacts, artifact-reduction-ratio is not excellent. So, an adaptive real-time digital filter is proposed for reduction of noise by gradient and RF(radio frequency) artifacts. The proposed filter for MRI-Gating is based on the noise-canceller with NLMS(Normalized Least Mean Square) algorithm. The reference signals of the adaptive noise canceller are a combination of the noisy three channel ECG signals. In conclusions, the proposed method showed the acceptable quality of ECG signal with sufficient SNR for gating the MRI and possibility of real time implementation.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2012

Laser cleaning have been found to be a useful cleaning tool to remove contaminants without inducing damage to the substrate and making secondary pollutant. In this study, the effect of Nd:YAG laser cleaning system, emitting at 1064 nm and 532 nm, on acrylic resin applied onto copper coupons and pieces of bronze was investigated. The samples after laser cleaning tests were examined using microscopy, FT-IR, SEM-EDS. As a result, the acrylic resin could be removed from most of the samples at low laser energy density. Laser wavelength 532 nm was more effective than 1064 nm because of using lower laser energy density, which could reduce heat damage to substrates. Although the acrylic resin was easily removed, it revealed melted surfaces and removed bronze patina which must remain. The problems should be solved by future studies using different laser system or laser wavelengths.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.4005-4025
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• 2019

Copy-move forgery (CMF) in digital images is a detrimental tampering of artefacts that requires precise detection and analysis. CMF is performed by copying and pasting a part of an image into other portions of it. Despite several efforts to detect CMF, accurate identification of noise, blur and rotated region-mediated forged image areas is still difficult. A novel algorithm is developed on the basis of quaternion polar complex exponential transform (QPCET) to detect CMF and is conducted involving a few steps. Firstly, the suspicious image is divided into overlapping blocks. Secondly, invariant features for each block are extracted using QPCET. Thirdly, the duplicated image blocks are determined using k-dimensional tree (kd-tree) block matching. Lastly, a new technique is introduced to reduce the flat region-mediated false matches. Experiments are performed on numerous images selected from the CoMoFoD database. MATLAB 2017b is used to employ the proposed method. Metrics such as correct and false detection ratios are utilised to evaluate the performance of the proposed CMF detection method. Experimental results demonstrate the precise and efficient CMF detection capacity of the proposed approach even under image distortion including rotation, scaling, additive noise, blurring, brightness, colour reduction and JPEG compression. Furthermore, our method can solve the false match problem and outperform existing ones in terms of precision and false positive rate. The proposed approach may serve as a basis for accurate digital image forensic investigations.