• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.70-80
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• 2012

There isn't much of discussion about survey of traditional Korean garden with a perspective of Pungsu. Strictly speaking, it is difficult to list the names of gardens in which Pungsu theory is applied. But it is necessary to study in depth the Korean garden in mountain in relation with Pungsu. The reason is as follow; First, Pung-su and gardening both reflect man's responsive attitude and approach toward nature. Second, selecting a site for a garden requires aesthetic eyes to consider the harmony with the surrounding landscape and its compositions, where the perspective of Pungsu can play as an important component at work. Third, Pungsus complementary function justifies the correlation between Pungsu and Korean gardens. Gardens can be viewed as a solution to complement negative elements of Pungsu on site. This article tries to study the relationship between Pungsu and Korean garden in mountain in terms of Pungsu aesthetics. In Kosan Yoon Sun-Do's Buyong-dong garden, excavated perspectives of Pungsu aesthetics are fell into two categories; the spatial frame based on Pungsu topography and the dimension of enjoyment through visual angles between essential points. The former can be said as Pungsu topography as a mental image which was constructed by selected points and given Pungsu meanings; the latter is visual angles between those points by which make it possible to see and enjoy in comfortable sights. In such way making and enjoying Buyong-dong garden with full of Pungsu oriented meanings and aesthetics, Kosan Yoon Sun-Do enjoyed and sublimated his experience in nature into art.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.53-59
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• 2010

This paper mainly focuses on the Korean Folk Village and Beijing Si-He-Yuan, according to the color theory of hue, value and chroma of Munsell color system to demonstrates the similarities and differences of the traditional upper-class housing between South Korea and China. As the neighboring countries sharing very similar culture and philosophy which owe to the continual communications between China and Korea in the history. The Obangsaek which is derived from the thought of five-elements profoundly and deeply impact on the color selection of traditional housing in both countries. According to the quantitative analysis of photographs, it was found that: 1. The commonly used colors in Korea are Y, YR and neutral color, but in China, people usually used R and GY, especially the high chroma red in Beijing Si-He-Yuan was used as a symbolic color. 2. The chroma preference of traditional housing reveals that people in China used to apply the polychrome and various brightness, on the contrary, the color of low chroma and high lightness were used to be applied in Korea which can give the sense of simplicity and tranquility. 3. Red, one of the Obangsaek affects the color characteristic of Beijing Si-He-Yuan critically but scarcely impact on the color characteristic of Korean Folk Village.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.259-280
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• 2014

Animation is showing the highest record in entertainment around the world and writing the history of 3D animation again. The image contents effect thanks to the proper introduction of the state-of-art digital technology, which is one of the causes of the outstanding entertainment and the factual reproduction of the images, provided an opportunity to transmit the meaning of image aesthetics, which is a virtual reality and image reproduction through the reality realization of photo medium, and to reinterpret the boundary of virtual reality. Especially, the development of digital contents technology due to scientific technologies demolishes the boundary of virtual reality and reality and creates the effect of making viewers be absorbed by realizing the virtual reality by means of 3D reality images which highlight the special characteristic of photos. The aspect of the contents technology and image aesthetics which can be interpreted in a view point beyond the existing concept of reality is found in the aura theory of Benjamin and in the Simulacres of Baudrillard. The 3D image by photo-reality herein presents various suggestions in the aspect of real existence of spatial expression, the meaning creation process of reality, the existence value of virtual images.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.417-436
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• 2014

Stories have existed with the history of mankind along with drawings. Any genre of art that discusses the flow of time, such as literature, film, and play, cannot be free from narratives. The comics are not an exception. The comics tell the narratives with drawings from the cartoons in single blocks to the full-length series in tens of volumes. Nevertheless, there are not many studies that discuss the narratives in the comics. They may have been overlooked because they have been studied in the field of literature. However, I am envious of the field of film, which unravels the narratives with the same visual images, profoundly explores its own narratives and experimentally modifies and expands them into various levels. Therefore, I would like to make a narrative approach to the comics in this study. This study will discuss the non-narratives. It may sound ironic that the study of narratives will discuss the non-narratives, but the narratives cannot exist without the non-narratives. The non-narratives in the narratives compose the narratives in various ways. Therefore, Chapter II will discuss how the theory of narratives in literature classifies the narratives and the non-narratives as a theoretical background. Then, Chapter III will analyze the forms of non-narratives in Han Jo Kim's "The Texture of Memory" to discuss how the non-narratives of comics are composed, while Chapter IV will summarize the preceding studies. Finally, the narratives should be actively studied as it is an essential component of comics. I hope that this study can lay the foundation for more in-depth discussions of the narratives in the comics.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.317-326
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• 1999

The Korean traditional color passed down over countless generations has surpassed both surpassed both time and space and continue today to breathe life into its people's everyday. In order to clarify the characteristics of Korean traditional color blue and red, we investigate the names of them and measured the color tones of textile remains in Chosun era. The characteristics of Korean traditional color blue and red have been surveyed by means of the examination of color names in many famous literatures in Chosun era. Korean terms for color tones were characterized by enormous variety of epithes crowned on them. The color names mentioned contain many unaccountable epithes which were characterized also deep colors and light colors were dominant in it. As a means of enhancing possibilities within limited colors, the commoners increased the names for varying tones of blue color group(32kinds) and red color group(40kinds). These "blue(indigo dyeing)' and 'red(safflower dyeing)' in Chosun era were shown very high frequency in use and the costume colors in Royal Court. With combination of these various blue and red colors they represented a thought of color based on Yinyang Theory and created a polished aesthetic taste. The color samples of textile remains in museum were measured and designated by Munsell color system and the ISCC-NBS color designation system. THe appeared rates were derived on Chosun era and features of colors using on the period were discussed. We aim to present specific recipes in indigo dyeing and safflower dyeing for using our apparel product and folk art.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.161-168
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• 2018

This study is the analytical review on the inelastic region of CRC column strength curve. The inelastic region of CRC column strength curve is based on the Bleich theory and the maximum residual stress of $0.5{\sigma}_y$. This is somewhat conservative by considering the fact that the maximum residual stress of $0.3{\sigma}_y$ is well known. This study proposes column strength curve for nonlinear behavior of hot rolled structural steel members under axial force and tangent modulus Et, with the maximum residual stress of $0.3{\sigma}_y$ and compares them with those of CRC. The stress of the inelastic column under axial compression exceeds proportional limits and reaches yielding point before applied load render the column bent. The column strength curve that depends on gradually yielding state of section needs to be reviewed. In this study, it is derived that the critical load formular according to material yielding with the maximum residual stress of $0.5{\sigma}_y$ and compared with CRC column design curve.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.415-423
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• 2001

Recently, there are many attempts to reproduce real world fine art pieces in digital forms. The digital representations are convenient to store and/or transmit. In contrast, mobiles, or moving sculptures, such as those designed by Alexander Calder cannot to reproduced realistically by usual reproduction techniques. Since mobiles are originally designed to generate motions in response to external forces applied to it, people could not fully enjoy them through photographs or static images. We present a virtual mobile system where use can easily control the mobile and can feel the impressions that the artist originally intended to provide. A real-world mobile is reconstructed in a three-dimensional physically-based model. and then virtual wind is generated to give motions to it. The motions of the mobile are generated by constraint dynamics and impulse dynamics techniques, which are modified to fully utilize the characteristics of the mobile, and finally give interactive displays on the PC platforms. The techniques presented can easily be extended to simulate other interactive dynamics systems.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.29-40
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• 2009

Objective : This study is an experimental study which is designed to examine the differences between knowledge and self-confidence before and after theory education(CPR PPT material) based on guidelines of CPR and emergency cardiac treatment of American Heart Association(AHA, 2005) and video self-instruction program for the general public by Korean Association of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation(KACPR), trace CPR performance ability after CPR and AED education and investigate the accuracy of artificial respiration and chest compression, and know the difference in CPR performance abilities including AED. Methods : Subjects of this study include ground crews and staffs at M airport in G province equipped with emergency equipments for CPR according to Art. 47, Sec. 2 of Emergency Medical Law, airport police, rent-a-cops, security guard, quarantine officer, custom officer, and communication, electricity, civil engineering, facility management staff, airport fire fighting staff, air mechanic, traffic controller, and airport management team among airport facility management staffs. They were given explanation of necessity of research and 147 of 220 subjects who gave consent to this research but 73 who were absent from survey were excluded were used as subjects of this study. of 147 subjects, there were 102 men and 45 women. Results : 1) Knowledge score of CPR was $6.18{\pm}0.87$ before instruction and it was increased to $15.12{\pm}1.78$ after instruction, and there was statistically significant difference. 2) Self-confidence score in CPR was $3.16{\pm}0.96$ before instruction and it was increased to $7.05{\pm}0.75$ after instruction, and there was statistically significant difference. 3) Total average score in CPR performance ability after instruction was 7.46 out of 9, performance ability was highest in confirmation of response as 144(97.95%), follwed by request of help as 140(95.25%) and confirmation of respiration as 135(91.83%), and lowest in performing artificial respiration twice(gross elevation of chest) as 97(65.98%). Accuracy of artificial respiration(%) was $28.60{\pm}16.88$ and that of chest compression(%) was $73.10{\pm}22.16$. 4) Performance ability of AED after instruction showed proper performance in power on by 141(95.91%) and attaching pad by 135(91.83%), hand-off for analyzing rhythm showed 'accuracy' in 115(78.23%) and 'non-performance' in 32(21.77%), delivery of shock and hand-off confirmation showed 'accuracy' in 109(74.14%) and 'inaccuracy' in 38(25.86%), and beginning chest compression immediately after AED was done by 105(71.42%).

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.151-170
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• 2019

This study deals with the rent-seeking behavior that exist in cultural voucher from the viewpoint of culture and arts management. Art organizations open to consumers, producers and governments of the arts are dependent on the internal and external influence of an open system. Researcher has found rent-seeking in the course of introducing policies and legalization of the cultural voucher business which has been promoted in the direction of democratization of culture or cultural democracy. Cultural voucher business is a legal term. Although the government has increased the budget or tried to change the policies of the cultural voucher business, the implementation of the cultural voucher business has been opposed to the diversity of consumption and equity as the consumption of genre and the concentration of the capital region have increased. These results were structurally related to the process of legalization and rent-seeking behavior in bureaucracy. This study reaffirms that the efficient operation standard of the cultural voucher business is a balance between the choice of the beneficiary, the competition of the supplier, and access to the cultural voucher. And the theory of rent-seeking was applied as a criterion to analyze this balance. Thus, it is suggested that the criteria of evaluation and improvement to check the conservativeness of bureaucrats are needed to establish a legal system applied to the purpose of 'cultural democracy' and 'democratization of culture' ideology and to guarantee individual creativity and autonomy.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.35
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• pp.28-56
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• 2002

There is no definite theory, which archeologists have believed to be built either for the protection or ceremonial purpose, of enclosure historical site exhibited from Bronze Age to Samhan era in Korea. The main conditions of choosing right enclosure were natural levee-backswamp-plateau, which all found in village on a hill. For this reasons Kimhae Daesoeng-dong enclosure discovered in 2001 is not an exception, and therefore this enclosure has been believed to be a beginning point of the farming society. In Korea there have been 2 types of enclosure. One is that enclosure entirely surrounds whole historic site itself and the other is that enclosure partially does. Although Kimhae Daesoeng-dong historic site has been discovered only part of it, it's not believed to have the first type-which surrounds the whole enclosure historic site In this research, 3 developing steps of enclosure historic site were defined. Enclosure surrounds only a part of the historic site is 1st step. Enclosure surrounds all around the site is 2nd step. The site discovered with big round clay pottery and developed into multiple enclosure is 3rd step. Since some researches have not been accomplished, the hypothesis above was suggested to have a better understanding of the development of enclosure historic site. The purpose of enclosure has been separately explained for the protection or for the ceremony. It is difficult to assert that excavation sites could be applied to only one of two purposes. But it is possible that both purposes of enclosure such as protection and as division from ceremonial area could be applied together. Kimhae Daesoeng-dong enclosure was shown for the purpose of division from ceremonial area. But we can not ignore that since Kimhae Daesoeng-dong enclosure exposed to the Sea and dwelling area was not shown from village hill, it would be probably for the protection. However enclosure of Gujibong village area in Daesoeng-dong had used for ceremonial purpose since the Bronze Age, even this enclosure would be possible to play an important role of being a center of legend of Gaya foundation. Many unsolved questions are still lying ahead. The enclosure was used for a short time, even if dwelling area was found in and out of enclosure, there were no differences between them, and although duplicate and triplicate enclosure were found, we could not sure which were before and after. Also we could not confirm the type of enclosure with location condition which was the flat land or the top of hill on floodplain. We should not divide the types of enclosure historic site due to differences from cross section of stratum. And I expect that we will have much data such as distribution of enclosure historic site in Yeongnam area where is concerned with origin and diffusion of Japan and China.