• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1621-1625
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• 2015

Power quality has always been a concern of power engineers. Certainly an argument can be successfully made that most parts of power engineering have the ultimate objective to improve power quality. AC motors were widely used in industrial and domestic applications. Generally, AC motors were of two types: Induction and Synchronous motors. In motor many parameters like different load cycling, switching, working in hot weather and unbalances creates harmonics which creates major reasons for temperature rise of the motors. Due to high peak value of voltage, harmonics can weaken insulation in cables, windings and capacitors and different electronic components. Higher value of harmonics increase the motor current and decrease the power factor which will reduce the life time of the motor and increase the overall rating of all electrical equipments. Harmonics reduction of all the motors in India will save more power. Coating of windings of the motor with nano fillers will reduce the amount of harmonics in the motor. Based on the previous project works, actions were taken to use the enamel filled with various nano fillers for the coating of the windings of the different AC motors. Ball mill method was used to convert the micro particles of Al₂O₃, SiO₂, TiO₂, ZrO₂ and ZnO into nano particles. SEM, TEM and XRD were used to augment the particle size of the powder. The synthesized nano powders were mixed with the enamel by using ultrasonic vibrator. Then the enamel mixed with the nano fillers was coated to the windings of the several AC motors. Harmonics were measured in terms of various indices like THD, VHD, CHD and DIN by using Harmonic analyzer. There are many other measures and indices to describe power quality, but none is applicable in all cases and in many instances, these indices may hide more than they show. Sometimes power quality indices were used as a basis of comparison and standardization. The efficiency of the motors was increased by 5 – 10 %. The thermal withstanding capacity of the motor was increased by 5º to 15º C. The harmonics of the motors were reduced by 10 – 50%.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.215-250
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• 2013

The term, "resource curse", is widely used to describe how countries rich in natural resources, such as oil, natural gas, and certain minerals, are unable to utilize that wealth to boost their economies. Contrary to previous research on the topic, this study has demonstrated that natural resources have a strong positive correlation with a country's economy. It likewise confirmed that this result is robust with broad sets of exogenous variables, and that the positive impact of natural resources on the economy remains significant with the inclusion of capital stock per worker. In this sense, it is doubtful that resource curse actually exists in the long-run. On the other hand, this study tested whether the quality of institutions has any relation with natural resource endowments if the positive effect of natural resource endowments on the gross domestic product (GDP) is adequately controlled for. In contrast to findings of Alexeev and Conrad (2009), if the former Soviet Union (FSU) countries are included, it seems that there might be a negative and statistically significant relationship between large endowments of natural resources and the quality of institutions. However, this negative relationship loses its significance and some positive albeit insignificant relationships are confirmed in a considerable number of cases when the FSU countries are excluded in the sample. That is, the negative relationship results from the inclusion of the FSU countries. This result is believed to happen by a temporary coincidence of events, a natural resource windfall and political and economic instability during the transition of the FSU countries. Therefore, the argument that resource abundance harms the institutional quality is confirmed to be a little groundless.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.357-365
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• 2017

In this study, we examined how the United States, Chinese, and Japanese viewers perceive the morality of the main characters in the family drama 'Take Care of Mom' and the influence of the perceived morality has on drama enjoyment and quality evaluation. Results show that the viewers from all three countries evaluated 'Hoonjae' favorably and evaluated selfish older brother, 'Hyung Kyu', unfavorably. This means there are common norms that exist in all three countries for judging the good and evil in a drama. However, the main female characters that played opposing characteristics were evaluated differently from all three countries. This is because the relationship between parents and children, and the role of mother and woman were perceived differently from each country. These results support the argument that consumption of drama may differ by viewer's cultural background. Additionally, the research hypothesis that 'moral evaluation of major characters will influence the drama enjoyment and evaluation of the drama quality' was not supported in China and Japan, and was only supported by the U.S. viewers.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

This study tried to explore the contents of film critics' reviews reported in the press. Based on fifty nine Korean movies with over 100,000 audience in 2017, this study collected 1113 reviews from fifty five movies with the exception of four without reviews. This study focused on the correlation between film's overall quality and four evaluation items such as directing, acting, story, and the visual. Examining the difference in the report timing of the review, the length of the review, and the intensity of the opinion, this study also analyzed the relationship between the internal aspects of reviews and box office performance. According to the results, the valence of critics' reviews was generally positive. Looking at the difference of reporting time, this valence was higher in the week before release than in the release week of film. The evaluation items of reviews were highly covered both before movie release and in the opening week. These were significantly declined in the second week of release. In the relationship between the number of reviews by each movie and box office performance, a positive correlation was found.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.93-123
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• 2005

As the international commercial transaction has drastically grown up with the mainland China, commercial disputes that are required to settle through ADR have tremendously increased during the last decade. Since China has not been fully exposed to the Free World for a long period of time, there would have been a great amount of misunderstanding about their competency and integrity to deal with internationally oriented commercial transactions with a view to internationally acceptable manner. This arbitration case was related to the contract in dispute of C&A Inc. as the importer v. China XX Importation Co. as the exporter for the sale of Silicon Metal. But after the contract were formed, exporter(respondent) declined to deliver the goods under the contracts because the market price of Silicon Metal increased according to the argument of the importer(claimant). Importer had to purchase alternative goods from other companies to substitute for the goods subject to the contracts in dispute. Importer purchased silicon metal of the same quality as under the contracts from two other Chinese companies as the necessary measure to mitigate the loss, paying prices higher than the contract price. Since exporter had breached the contracts, importer's loss should be compensated by the exporter as the Arbitration Tribunal decided for supporting importer's claim of loss for the substitute goods. This study is aiming at analyzing the rationale of the arbitral awards made by the Shanghai Commission in terms of (l)Place of Arbitration, (2)Applicable Law, (3)Validity of the Contracts, (4)Doctrine of Frustration, (5)Responsibility for the Mitigation of Damage by the Importer.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.588-598
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to reflect on the issues of the National Medical Services Law for Korean medicine practitioners (KM practitioners) in Korea, especially those discussed at the Assembly plenary session in 1951. In 1951, the National Assembly wanted to establish the National Medical Services Law (國民醫療法) replacing the colonial medical services law (朝鮮醫療令). Consequently the National Assembly passed the law establishing the license level of KM practitioners equal to that of Western practitioners. But the progress of establishing the law was not easy. There was much dispute over the KM practitioners system amongst the legislators at the Assembly plenary session in 1951. One of the main dispute was about setting the license level of KM practitioners. There were two main positions. One insisted that the license level of KM practitioners should be equal to that of Western practitioners. They had many reasons to support their contended point. From a historical, social, economical, medical and institutional point of view, they argued that the people had needed the KM and thus the new founded Korea had to reflect this situation. The other insisted that the license level of KM practitioners should be below that of Western practitioners. The reason was mainly that the KM was not scientific. This study concludes that the argument of the former was superior to the latter in quantity and quality.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.89-120
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• 2006

If the existence and effect of the arbitration agreement becomes an issue in international business transactions, it is the key point how we shall determine the applicable law by national rules for the conflict of laws, or by other methods. The argument in determination of the applicable law to the existence and effect of the arbitration agreement is related to regal nature of the arbitration agreement. As there are foreign factors in international arbitration, therefore we must consider such an aspect. Besides, we have to examine whether the general theory of contract is universally applicable to the arbitration agreement. Currently, it is the general trend that the party's autonomy principle is applicable in determining the applicable law for the arbitration agreement. However, it is a difficult problem to recognize the applicable law chosen by the parties, whether it is based on any regal standard(for example New York Convention or the private international law or the essential quality of the arbitration agreement). In the light of the actual transactions, when the parties don't make a choice of the applicable law expressly, it will finally come down to presuming the party's implied intent. Nevertheless, finding the implied intent is a difficult problem. Some argue that we shall presume the choice of applicable law by an objective standard such as a place of arbitration, to prevent too much expansion of the scope of the recognition. But we need to review that this interpretation harmonizes with the principle of party autonomy. Especially, if we desire to detect the vital point where it is most closely linked to the arbitration agreement, we have to inquire how we will decide such a relation by means of any standard. However, as the existing Arbitration Act doesn't offer the solution to these issues, therefore we have to settle these problems through the development of adjudications and theories.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.103-120
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• 2007

The knowledge based economy requires more and more people to learn new knowledge and skills in a timely and effective manner. These needs and new technology such as computer and Internet are fueling a transition in e-learning. According to specialist's opinion, imagination experience studying is generalized, and learning environment that language barrier by studying, multi-language studying Machine that experience past things that disappear through simulation, and travel area, and experience future changed state disappears is forecasting to come. This is previewing finally that it may become future education that education and IT, element of entertainment is combined. Already, became story that argument for party satellite of e-Learning existence passes one season already. e-Learning is utilized already in all educations that we touch by effectiveness by corporation's competitive power improvement and implement of lifelong education in educational institutions through present e-Learning. It is obvious that when see from our viewpoint which is defining e-Learning by one industry and rear by application to education as well as one new growth power about these, e-Learning industry becomes very important means that can solve dilemma of growth real form. Only, special quality of digital industry that e-Learning is being same with other digital industry and repeat putting out a fire rapidly, and is repeating sudden change that these evolution is not gradual growth of accumulation and improvement of technology that is appearing consider need to. In the meantime, we need to observe about evolution of Information Technology. Because there is some scholars who e-Learning's concept foresees to evolve by u-Learning.(although, a person who see that these concept is not more in marketing terminology by some scholars' opinion is). This u-Learning's concept means e-Learning that take advantage of ubiquitous technology as Ubiquitous-Learning's curtailment speech. Ubiquitous, user means Information-Communication surrounding that can connect to network freely regardless of place without feeling network or computer. There is controversy about introduction time regarding these direction, but e-Learning is judged to evolve by u-Learning necessarily. Because keep in step and age that study all contents that learner wants under environment of 3A (any time, any whrer, any device) by individual order thoroughly is foreseen to come in ubiquitous learning environment that approach more festinately.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.219-226
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• 2007

Pre-construction primer (PCP), or shopprimer, have been applied to steel plates to control temporary corrosion during ship fabrication. For surface preparation at ship block stage, in common shipyard practices, welding beads, burnt and rusted areas shall be blasted or power tool cleaned and the contamination such as zinc salt shall be removed with blasting or power tool. Whereas, the sound film of PCP needs not to be removed or roughened as the paint having good compatibility with PCP is used for the first coat. In many cases, however, full blasting or sweep blasting on the sound PCP treated block assemblies was requested. There still has been argument about the legitimacy of this practice, thus, it is critical to evaluate the quality of the coating system applied on the sound PCP retained condition, comparing with the one applied on the full blasted or sweep blasted condition. In this study, two different epoxy systems for water ballast tank were applied on the surfaces with sound PCP condition, full blasted condition, and sweep blasted condition. Coating performances such as durability, anti-corrosion, cathodic disbondment resistance were evaluated. The test results clearly indicated that the sound film of PCP needed not to be removed or roughened as the paint having good compatibility with PCP based on inorganic zinc silicate.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.63-76
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• 2004

Although information design principles had originated from the graphic design field including publishing design in 1970s, information design have taken one of the most important positions in multimedia design fields as the present since Richard Saul Wurmn started his researches on information design and its practical application on internet environments. However, relatively little researches have been performed for building identity of information design in multimedia design fields so far and moreover in some cases, information design is likely to be narrowly viewed as 'the representation of a piece of information and its visualization' which was defined in traditional graphic design field. This research circumstance leads the study to investigate characteristics of information design in current multimedia design with contingent perspective which is compared to the traditional information design. The study results suggest 5 characteristics of information design including 'suggesting context & finding out information hierarchy', 'access of integrated consideration & share of information control', 'using of multi-dimensional media & content first', 'stabilization of information quality & combinational understanding of meaning', 'bilateral information representation & user's knowledge expansion'. Future researches, based on the results of the study, are expected to be expanded to a degree with argument for inter-dependent and/or exclusive characteristics of adjacent fields of information design such as interface design, interaction design and experience design.