• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.193-194
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• 2012

Most of the Historic Preservation Areas are very weak to fire disasters. The aim of this study is to build a proposal-scheme for evacuation routes planning at a large-scale disaster in a historic preservation area. The study area is a preservation area called "Hizen-Hama-Shuku" which has many straw-roofed wooden houses in Kashima city, Japan. To achieve this aim, outline of the scheme is discussed. The proposal-scheme of evacuation routes consists of objectives to propose, target time to evacuate for the refuge place, evaluation method, and procedures. The existing condition and the measures are evaluated using the software "SimTread".

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2008

In order to reduce flood damage with debris flow, it is necessary to build up comprehensive flood control, including structural and non-structural countermeasures. In this paper, the decision making factors of individual refuge activities which are major non-structural activities to save peoples, lives against flood have been estimated based on questionnaire survey. Furthermore, in order to effective debris flow countermeasures, its simulation has carried out and it will useful fur minimizing their damages.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2013

The movement towards sustainable building design can result in unique fire protection challenges and concerns, especially with super tall buildings in relationship to traditional prescriptive code compliance. Different countries haves different code requirements as well as local best practices and may cause conflict with the design features when designing green buildings. These include, but not limited to green roofs, sprinkler water quality and testing, fire department access and areas of refuge with direct or indirect impact by the perspective code compliance. The solutions to these prescriptive code challenges and fire safety concerns can range from simple alternatives to more detailed engineering performance-based design analyses with good solid practice.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.41-61
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• 2011

Marine protected Areas(MPAs) are specially designated zones of the sea that are designed to secure operation of ecosystem function and to restore marine ecosystem to the original state by excluding all detrimental human activities. MPAs have been proposed in many countries as means of realizing sustainable fisheries and recently MPAs are newly receiving attention as precautionary measure for global warming and climate change. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possibility of MPAs as fisheries management tools through a wide range of literature analysis and to suggest necessity of fisheries purpose of MPAs in Korea. Establishment of marine protected area can accompany various economic benefits such as restoration of marine environment, preservation of habitats, promotion of marine tourism and so on. Especially, a lot of case studies suggested that MPAs may bring out benefits to the fishing industry as a result of enhanced stocks. Fisheries benefits of MPAs on targeted species include increased abundance, increased mean individual size and age, increased reproductive output, enhanced recruitment inside and outside refuge, maintenance of genetic diversity of stocks, and enhanced fishery yields in adjacent fishing grounds, so called spill-over. MPAs for ecosystem conservation and protection of coastal wetland have been applied appropriately and effectively, however, the Korean MPAs system is still detective due to absence of fisheries purpose MPAs. Finally, suggestions for Korean MPAs can be summarized as following four recommendations; to establish number of small-scale MPAs rather than few large MPAs, to designate island and its surrounding areas as reserve, to consider MPA design with stock enhancement program, and to undertake co-management with Eochon-Gye, the traditional coastal community in Korea.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.42-53
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• 2021

The port space can be considered to be the space in which the characteristics of the port city are best expressed. Also, since it acts as a representative gateway along with the airport, it can have a direct impact on the image of the region and country. However, the harbor hinterland has been a refuge during the war in the past, and it has been concentrating on development related to the port industry; hence, it has a poorer residential environment. Therefore, in this study, in order to ensure equal development in space and equal access to basic urban services, urban design directions were suggested for the harbor hinterland based on the concept of an inclusive city'. To this end, through factor analysis, urban planning elements that can be applied to urban design were derived, and through PLS(Partial Least Square)regression analysis, based on the opinions of residents and experts, urban design directions for the port hinterland were presented. The study site was Gamcheon Port, one of the Busan Ports in Korea, the hinterland of Gamcheon Port was a high slope, and the residential environment was relatively poor due to the dense concentration of older residential areas.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.147-158
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• 2007

Kangwon province has been suffering from the various types of disasters and these disasters stand In the way to sustainable development. The heavy rainfall by typhoon RUSA in 2002 damaged to property and bodily injury, and gave us a lesson. Even if the refuge activities plan by local government plan for disaster were established with rainfall event, it could not its role in practice. Beside it, the potential disaster risk remains still in existence because the disaster restoration work aims to original state. Therefore, in this study we focused on the point at issue of developing in upper area and its impact on discharge hydrograph.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.3
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• pp.290-296
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• 2009

In this study, we considered the combustion of the various herbs in youngdong areas such as festuca ovina, isodeon japonicus, oplismenus undulatifolius, pueraria thunbergiana, and cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense using the ignition temperature tester, cone calorimeter, smoke density chamber. We confirmed that the range of ignition temperature was $400{\sim}455^{\circ}C$ and the time to ignition and flameout were not recorded. The total heat release of isodeon japonicus was highest and the smoke release of festuca ovina was highest, and the yield of CO and $CO_2$ of pueraria thunbergiana, and cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense were highest among the samples. As a result, we concluded that isodeon japonicus will impact the fire intensity and fire spread and festuca ovina, pueraria thunbergiana, and cirsium japonicum var. ussuriense will influence the refuge.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

This paper aims to make an aesthetic inquiry into representing modes of wilderness in western films. The western film was the first genre in earnest about natural landscape, covering vast areas of America from the East to the West. It adopted representative modes suited to physical characteristics of landscapes which produced aesthetic characteristics. In western films, wilderness was represented at a distance from the camera lens as a setting and an object of contemplation. In eastern forest landscapes, western films adopted the visual model of Hudson River School's landscape painting which expressed the transcendental sublime. The western semiarid region reproduced the warrior's gaze shot from a high angle, and, in this visual mode, wilderness was expressed as a demonic landscape derived from Burke's definition of the sublime. On one hand, the western desert was represented as a place of hardship shot at a low angle which expressed the vastness, unevenness and limitlessness of the desert owing to the absence of horizon. On the other hand, the mesas of Monument Valley have sublime characteristics of size and time. In western films, they play the role of an emblem by rising from the limitless desert on the horizon. The prospect-refuge relationship, the desire to see without being seen, is discovered in the representative mode of wilderness in western films. In this context, this study hopes to discover the archetype of landscape representation.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.30
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• pp.7-32
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• 2012

Korea faces The 2014 Incheon Asian Games and 2018 Pyungchang Winter Olympics. It is imperative to hold a safe event for the economic benefits, enhancing Korea's image, social integration, national harmony and unity in order to be evaluated as a successful international event. Furthermore, since the international event tends to draw many spectators, the host country must be ready to accommodate a large number of injured people in the event of an accident or terror attack. As stadiums for international events are where a large number of spectators gather in, a large refuge is essential, when dangerous situations happen. In this study, evacuation simulation was conducted using three scenarios in order to predict escape behaviors of spectators during the large escape by destruction of safety systems of stadiums and assess escape safety. As the result, the following results and proposals were extracted. Firstly, it is considered that dangerous situations during the security of stadiums should be predicted in advance and concrete plans for a large refuge of spectators have to be established to minimize damage. Secondly, it was found that the reduction in evacuation exits has an important impact on evacuation in an emergency situation. It implies that securing escape exits are quite important. Thirdly, there were areas where spectators stayed, due to blocked escape exits, while they were dispersed and concentrated at once. It demonstrates that security plans considering properties of facilities are required to solve these problems.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.17-33
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• 2021

This study empirically analyzes the effect of the spread of COVID-19 and the implementation of social distancing on the number of park users. To this end, we analyzed the time series data on the number of users and the COVID-19 outbreak at Olympic Park, a large-scale comprehensive urban park located in Songpa-gu, Seoul, and four neighborhood parks in the same municipality. And this was compared with the effect on the change in the number of users around Jamsil Lotte World, a representative indoor complex leisure space in Seoul. The analysis results are as follows: First, in small neighborhood parks located in residential areas, the number of users increased by 3 to 6% on average due to the implementation of the social distancing measures and the increase in the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases. In particular, it was found that changes in park use were sensitive to the increase in the intensity of social distancing. On the other hand, the number of users around Jamsil Lotte World decreased by 38% on average, and in the case of Olympic Park, the number of users decreased by 1.9% on average due to the spread of COVID-19. Considering that the number of the vehicle users representing remote users of Olympic Park has decreased by 23% on average, it is estimated that there is little change in the number of users in the surrounding areas. This suggests that urban parks, especially neighborhood parks in residential areas, play a role as a major refuge and leisure space for urban people in the event of a pandemic disaster such as COVID-19, and therefore need to be properly supplied and maintained.