• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.99-113
• /
• 2021

In these days, as cyberspace has been recognized as the fifth battlefield area following the land, sea, air, and space, attention has been focused on activities that view cyberspace as an operational and mission domain in earnest. Also, in the 21st century, cyber operations based on cyberspace are being developed as a 4th generation warfare method. In such an environment, the success of the operation is determined by the commander's decision. Therefore, in order to increase the rationality and objectivity of such decision-making, it is necessary to systematically establish and select a course of action (COA). In this study, COA is established by using the method of classifying operational elements necessary for cyber operation, and it is intended to suggest a direction for quantitative evaluation of COA. To this end, we propose a method of composing the COES (Cyber Operational Elements Set), which becomes the COA of operation, and classifying the cyber operational elements identified in the target development process based on the 5W1H Method. In addition, by applying the proposed classification method to the cyber operation elements used in the STUXNET attack case, the COES is formed to establish the attack COAs. Finally, after prioritizing the established COA, quantitative evaluation of the policy was performed to select the optimal COA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2023

To secure national future competitiveness, the Korean government announced the 『National Ultra-High Performance Computing (HPC) Innovation Strategy (2021.5.28.)』 and set three innovation strategy goals throughout establishing an innovation ecosystem. This study presented a heterogenous data-based strategic support framework that allowed to understand both the current status of domestic & foreign R&D areas and domestic industrial economy areas in terms of strategic fields related to ultra-high performance computing, and the empirical research was conducted in the life science and public health area. The HPC innovation ecosystem platform based on the connection of heterogeneous data (domestic R&D project-technology-industry-overseas R&D project) presented in this study provided useful and essential information that allowed establishing a specific action plan for the national HPC innovation strategy and contributing to vitalizing the innovation ecosystem. Since the evidence-based policy assumes that a more reasonable consensus is reached through a non-biased decision- making process among stakeholders, the proposed platform may contribute to enhancing policy momentum by increasing legitimacy and trust of planning of the national HPC strategy.

• Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.213-222
• /
• 2018

Bariatric surgery has evolved from a surgical measure for treating morbid obesity to an epochal remedy for treating metabolic syndrome as a whole, which is represented by type 2 diabetes mellitus. Numerous clinical trials have advocated bariatric or metabolic surgery over nonsurgical interventions because of markedly superior metabolic outcomes in morbidly obese patients who satisfy traditional criteria for bariatric surgery (body mass index [BMI] >$35kg/m^2$) and in less obese or simply overweight patients. Nevertheless, not all diabetes patients achieve the most desirable outcomes; i.e., diabetes remission after metabolic surgery. Thus, candidates for metabolic surgery should be carefully selected based on comprehensive preoperative assessments of the risk-benefit ratio. Predictors for diabetes remission after metabolic surgery may be classified into two groups based on mechanism of action. The first is indices for preserved pancreatic beta-cell function, including younger age, shorter duration of diabetes, and higher C-peptide level. The second is the potential for an insulin resistance reduction, including higher baseline BMI and visceral fat area. Several prediction models for diabetes remission have been suggested by merging these two to guide the joint decision-making process between clinicians and patients. Three such models, DiaRem, ABCD, and individualized metabolic surgery scores, provide an intuitive scoring system and have been validated in an independent external cohort and can be utilized in routine clinical practice. These prediction models need further validation in various ethnicities to ensure universal applicability.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.1-21
• /
• 2012

Conventional studies on technology acceptance have focused on information technology for utilitarian value and hence based on 'theory of reasoned action'. Correspondingly, the studies depend on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use as rational decision making elements. However, in ubiquitous society, innovative technologies are applied to non-task area, as well as task-oriented area. Therefore, users are more influenced by affective factors than cognitive factors in causing their usage intention. In line with those discussions, we cannot make sure that the conventional technology acceptance model could fully explain the current u-service acceptance phenomenon. Hence, to overcome the limitations of the prior technology acceptance studies, we propose an amended TAM which includes one hedonic factor and two factors on ubiquitous computing technology : ubiquity and intelligence.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.483-510
• /
• 2016

Disruptive technology is increasingly gaining attention by industries, standards development organizations (SDOs), academia, government and regulatory bodies due to its massive scope of impact on the incumbents and consumers. Companies that take a lead in new technologies intend to dominate the global market by making their technologies into an international standard. However, they tend to seek ways of by-passing the slow procedures of formal SDOs that often hinder prompt action in response to rapid changes in technology and market situations. In the area of disruptive technologies, there is a need to harmonize standardization efforts in formal SDOs for various companies and stakeholders to reap the benefits of technological development and diffusion of innovation. This paper examines the reasons why standardization is more active using market-based mechanisms than through formal SDOs for disruptive technologies. We conducted a Delphi study to investigate standardization strategies in the area of disruptive technologies. This research found that experts understood the core element of disruptive technologies as creating new markets and changing the competition basis in existing industries through the transformation of consumers' behavior. Based on these core characteristics, experts agreed that flexibility and speed are the most important factors for standardization. Results also show that the perception that standardization activities are not directly connected to companies' profit-making is the key barrier to links between research and companies' participation in standardization. This research provides implications for formal SDOs and policymakers.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.732-753
• /
• 2017

Recently, when evaluating the technology values in the fields of biotechnology, pharmaceuticals and medicine, we have needed more to estimate those values in consideration of the period and cost for the commercialization to be put into in future. The existing discounted cash flow (DCF) method has limitations in that it can not consider consecutive investment or does not reflect the probabilistic property of commercialized input cost of technology-applied products. However, since the value of technology and investment should be considered as opportunity value and the information of decision-making for resource allocation should be taken into account, it is regarded desirable to apply the concept of real options, and in order to reflect the characteristics of business model for the target technology into the concept of volatility in terms of stock price which we usually apply to in evaluation of a firm's value, we need to consider 'the continuity of stock price (relatively minor change)' and 'positive condition'. Thus, as discussed in a lot of literature, it is necessary to investigate the relationship among volatility, underlying asset values, and cost of commercialization in the Black-Scholes model for estimating the technology value based on real options. This study is expected to provide more elaborated real options model, by mathematically deriving whether the ratio of the present value of the underlying asset to the present value of the commercialization cost, which reflects the uncertainty in the option pricing model (OPM), is divided into the "no action taken" (NAT) area under certain threshold conditions or not, and also presenting the estimation logic for option values according to the observation variables (or input values).

• The Journal of Information Technology
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.151-168
• /
• 2003

The present paper attempts to describe on and off line integrated marketing and develop an empirical model for distribution industry. The focus is given on the small and medium size retail and service area. With both empirical case studies and literature review, we aim to develop empirical cases and propose a desirable marketing strategy for specific firms : BAROKOSA is pursues cooperation in wholesale business on the internet. For the purpose of the cooperative and integrated marketing of on and off line business, first of all, the firms should establish a clear target and share vision and mission for their directions. We suggest the following guidelines: (i) customer-based decision making, (ii) thoroughly cooperative competition, (iii) confidence in their work and business, (iv) courage to live up to action and (v) innovation to lead change.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.59 no.10
• /
• pp.85-97
• /
• 2009

This study aims at applying Photoshop functions to digital make-up(DM) for aging effect based upon the knowledge of phrenology, comparing the result with that of the real or off-line make-up(OM) and identifying any possible difference between two methods: which contributes to understanding the potential and problems of DM at application level. This study aims at suggesting a method to apply computer graphics(CGs) to special effect make-up for aging effect through a case, contributing to attracting academic concerns and building theoretical frameworks for DM. It used 'Aging Process' in Adobe Photoshop CS4 Extended(CS4E) to change a young girl into a senior lady. In the process of DM, the study applies various tools and methods to making face wrinkled, finds the most effective way among them for each area of face, suggests a method to integrate the ways and shows the result of the method. Compared with OM, DM using CS4E is the less constrained work regarding procedure and time. Specifically, it can save the time tremendously because the reiterative operation of work can be omitted, when the same work is repeated, using 'Action' function which memorizes the history of the work. Once a DM work is produced, since it is durable, reusable and convertible to various images with additional operations, it seems very economical as well as highly promising to market the work through on-line sales. Regarding face features and skin, it reviewed literature in make-up and phrenology while it used Photoshop CS4 Extended tools to demonstrate a case of aging effect by combining and painting pictures of a young lady and a senior citizen.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.1489-1494
• /
• 2013

Tsunami happens rarely enough to allow a false sense of security, but when they do occur, there may be just minutes or hours for people to reach a safe location. Natural disasters like tsunami are inevitable and it is almost impossible to fully recoup damages caused by the disasters. However, it is possible to minimize the potential risk by developing early warning strategies. GIS modelling with its geoprocessing and analysis capability can play a crucial role in efficient mitigation and management of disaster. This study aims at developing integrated spatial information system processing model supporting tsunami evacuation action planning using geo-information technology such as GIS. The integration process classified into four phases. And in each phase, required input data and GIS processes are decided. The main effort in minimizing casualties in tsunami disaster is to evacuate people from the hazard area before tsunami strikes by means of either horizontal or vertical evacuation. The study provides essential spatial information for local decision making related with people's evacuation in tsunami-prone areas based on a modeling approach transferable to other coastal areas.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.164-178
• /
• 2009

This study was aimed to make GIS oiling thematic maps and analyze temporal oiling variation patterns for two months after 'Hebei Spirit' oil spill accident in December 7, 2007 using GIS and oiling status surveyed data. As a basic work for making of oiling thematic maps, geometric corrections were performed with IKONOS images using ground control points data. These corrected images were used to make detailed coastline from digital charts, and then spatial unit of coastline were defined using classified coastline types. And to know the representative parameters which reflect oiling situation, relationship between oiling status parameters extracted from four times oiling assessment reports and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) data (December 2007 and January 2008) monitored by Korea Ocean Research and Development Institute (KORDI). Using these representative oiling status parameters pollution value were calculated, and they were keyed into spatial unit of coastline as attributive value. GIS oiling status thematic maps made with coastline containing pollution value showed the initial two month's situations somewhat well. Also, to analyze temporal variation pattern of coastline types, about 13.4km length coastline around Malripo beach was defined as detailed study area where is the common spatial zone surveyed oiling status by each organizations. Based on this study results, it could be possible to provide oiling status maps quickly and to support decision making for oiling control action and scientific pollution monitoring.