• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.38-46
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• 2014

The Global's top five Design Firms selected from BauNetz a German architectural magazine in 2007 designed free form building design which was 25% of the overall design by 2006-2010. Free form building is a landmark of the city and the country so its social and economic impacts are very large. In case of Korea, free form buildings such as Tribowl in Incheon, KINTEX Exhibition hall 2 and Dongdaemun Design Plaza have increased. However, those the increase in design trends and, the needs due to the lack of free form building design and construction management experience, free form building projects can't be expected to profitability and have a number of problems after completion. Especially, there are many excessive quality problems and the rising cost due to design changes frequently and lack of experience and data. Thus an initial plan regardless of considering of free form building's characteristics can be a huge risk because of the difference with the plan and actual projects, yet there aren't free form building project's performance data and case studies related to productivity. In this study, through selection of low-construction productivity works and an analysis of the work process and productivity data, hope to propose an actual field productivity of free form building and the ways to improve productivity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.23-31
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• 1991

In this paper, based on the thought of the place, I tried to define the meaning of th place and interprete its landscape. The landscape of the mt. Toham with its Grotto-temple "Sokgulam" is the major object of it. The "matter and form" of the Sokgulam realizes the archetypal meaning of the grotto, birth or place of the birth, in a concrete picture. The aesthetics of the Sokgulam, the mater and form in the work of arts, comes out light harmonious with the elements: "grotto", the new foreign element of the architectural style and "orientation", the old domestic one of the Shilla that presented itself at the Chomsongdae, a kind of observatory. The interrelation of the old and new elements in work of the Sokgulam shows us also a thought as an opinion of the transference to say: the matter of the traditional subject, "grotto" and the form makes the abstract matter concretely in sight, by receiving the natural happening of the sunrise at the winter solstice.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.3 s.16
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• pp.87-105
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• 1998

Surveying the literature of architecture since the nineteenth century, one can identify two dominant but problematic attitudes, among several, that pursue the task of defining what modern architecture is and should be. The first is the search for meaning and the second is the pursuit of form. This study, following Michel Foucault, asserts that the dual formation of meaning and form is a historical product of modernity and belies architecture's uncritical dependence on language since the nineteenth century. This study is a critique and historical analysis of this pernicious reliance, and constitutes a first step towards thinking of alternative relations between 'words and architecture' in the modern world. In reconstructing this problematic, the paper has called on Foucault's seminal The Order of Things. The study follows his construction of the Renaissance, the Classical and the Modern episteme, and in brief fashion, reconstructs the relation between language and architecture in each episteme. In analysing the Modern, the study focuses on Hegel's Lectures on Aesthetics. Hegel placed architecture in a genre hierarchy within which architecture, because of its material basis, was fundamentally limited in its ability to express the Spirit. For Hegel it was, among the arts, poetic language, and beyond art, the language of philosophy, through which the Absolute Spirit could be atttained. Much of post-nineteenth century architecture has remained within the shadow of Hegel, where architecture's materiality is perceived to be a burden, and in order to secure its relevance in modern society, architecture was deemed to pursue the role of language. As the most recent and sophisticated example of architecture's pursuit of form, the paper analyses the work of Peter Eisenman. Though Eisenman's theoretical writings are replete with post-Hegelian rhetoric, his architecture remains dependent upon the model of language, albeit a structuralist one. The paper concludes that ultimately, the pursuit of meaning and form is unable to face the crucial issue of value in modernity. While the former decides to easily what it is, the latter evades the issue itself. The second installment of this ongoing study will pursue a third possibility alluded to by Foucault, where language remains silent, pointing only to its 'ponderous' material existence.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.337-344
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• 2016

In this study, a form-finding method of tensegrity systems by using the force density method combined with the stiffness matrix method was presented. Numerous studies have been made on form-finding methods of the tensegrity systems. However, these methods are limited in the tensegrity systems with multiple null space of the equilibrium matrix. The proposed method can uniquely define a single integral feasible set of force densities for the structures. In order to draw maximum natural frequency that can lead a maximum stiffness of the tensegrity systems, a constrained maximization problem is formulated in the genetic algorithm. Several numerical examples are presented to prove dfficiency in searching for self-equilibrium congifurations of tensegrity systems with multiple self-stress states. A good performance of the proposed method has been shown in the results.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.11
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• pp.57-63
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• 1997

In the early 20'c, scientific thoughts make a change the absolute and separate concept of space-time into relative concept of continual entity; a kind of ideal world. It suggests that the meaning of geometry as absolute truth with which has endowed human beings would changed to a relative meaning of accumulation in intellectual work on 'nature'. This cognitive changes appeared into absolute arts in 20'c like Cubism, Superematism or Constructivism. De Stijl movement which had recepted the relative concepts like Einstein's 'theory of relativity' as a developed thought from Newton-Cartesian cognition on the world. Abstration would be adequate method for expressing the dynamics and interrelationship between forms and for giving values to indivisual elements in a compositiov. This method had appeared Modern architectural form, as a common framework. The expression characteristics of geometrical design in Deconstructive and Experimental architecture were summerized in four features through the results of the analysis. First, the relation of architectural element and intertextuality is expressed in discontinuation of context and refusal of functional building. Second, the concept of trace expresses as connection of place, decomposing of excavation of trace, trace of axis, trace of fragments. Third, anti-gravity expression is there to express of open cubic, to outgrow of rectangular system, to outgrow of volume, to separate of ground connectiov. Fourth, the complex composition of abstracted geometric form is these to abstracted geometry about indefinite shape, to layer through the overlap and collage, to de-meaning and amusement of form through the pursuit of uncertainty, to indeterminate of formal meaning through operation and composition of similar form cause to the diverse of meaning.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.73-92
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• 2012

This study mainly inquired characteristics and changes of 'Chang-aelgool' through 38 cases(with 161 Ssang-chang) of annex and pavillion buildings in Yeong-nam region which are built during the Chosun dynasty. The method of inquiry included actual survey of windows along with bibliographical research, and the results are as below. First, through the discovery of the term 'Chang-aelgool' as an indication of the window-forming frame in 'YeongGeonUiGwe'(1680 A.D), it is apparent that the term 'Chang-aelgool' was widely used in Korea from the late 17th century. Second, the 'Chang-aelgool' of study objects are classified into 4 categories. Type I and II are comprised of mitre-joints which cover the 4 corners of 'Chang-aelgool' and mainly used in building annex and pavillion buildings during the early period of the Chosun dynasty. Type III was widely used during the early and middle period of the Chosun dynasty and drastically dropped in number during the late period of the dynasty. Type IV is comprised of mitre-joint of the upper-half, tenon-jointing of the lower-half and widely used in annex and pavillion building during the late period of the Chosun dynasty. Third, the form of 'Chang-aelgool' has changed from rectangular form with longer width during the early period of Chosun dynasty to square form during the middle period and eventually ended up as a rectangular form with longer height during the late period of the dynasty. Fourth, it is considered that while mullion which is located in the center of 'Chang-aelgool' was mainly used around the main floored room during the early period of the Chosun dynasty, became commonly used in main floored room and 'ondol' rooms during the middle period and drastically dropped in number from then and ended up being not in use after the mid 18th century.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.171-186
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to find out the recent trends of hanok design based on 58 hanoks appeared in architecture magazines in the last 10 years. The cases are analyzed in terms of location, size, building form, spatial organization, material, roof form, and the ceiling form of living room. The consequences of this study is as follows; Most of the recent hanoks are built in rural area (91.4%), which shows the hanok is not accepted as an urban house type. Hanoks tend to be built in 2 stories whose 2nd floor is smaller than the 1st floor. (34.5%) The preferred size is total floor area of $99.2{\sim}165.2m^2$ (62.0%), 3 rooms (46.6%) with a traditional ondol room (60.3%). The buildings with ㄱ-shape (43.1%) and linear-shape (27.6%) are preferred, and the compact plan type similar with apartment house appears (13.8%). In the roof design that greatly influences the appearance of building, the traditional design factors such as half-hipped roof (55.2%), double eaves (27.6%), and eaves curve tend to be sustained. In terms of spatial organization, most of recent hanoks have double-layed plan (74.2%). The living room mostly has separately defined space. (82.8%) The indoor and outdoor tend to be connected by a narrow wooden veranda (39.7%), while some cases don't have any wooden floor space (48.3%). The entrance is adopted as an important spatial element in front part of building (75.9%), and it influences the appearance of building. The living room, the counterpart of the wooden floor hall in traditional hanok, and kitchen tend to be interiorized. In terms of material, the cement roof tile and red clay brick are preferred. Consequently, the walls of recent hanoks have the image of brick structure rather than the wooden frame structure of traditonal hanok.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.13 no.4 s.40
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• pp.7-18
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• 2004

From the results of an examination of the transition process of the site plan divided into 5 stages based on literature and materials relating to the Sangju Confucian School as well as the construction history, we can see the general transition flow as follows. The arrangement form of Sangju Confucian School shows the structures with both the sacrificial rites function and the learning function in the early period. This shows a large general flow where the form with the learning function structure at the front and sacrificial rites function structure at the back changed to a form where the learning function structure was positioned behind the boarding facilities, after which there was a transformation which left only the learning function (the form where the learning function structure was positioned in front of the boarding facilities). The type where the learning function structure is positioned in front of the boarding facilities is hard to find in the Yeongnam area, also, there are not many examples of the 2 story Myeonglyundang (hall of confucianism teachings) throughout the country Sangju Confucian School which possess the value of rarity is appraised as being a precious material showing another area characteristic in Sangju of the Yeongnam area. Also, during the late Chosun period the scale of the Dongseojae (boarding facility) was reduced and the appearance of Yangsajae can be said to be a typical example of confucian school constructions of late Chosun era.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.171-178
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• 2019

Auto Climbing Formwork System (ACS) for construction of high-rise building is a construction method for automatically lifting the formwork system supported by the anchor on the pre-constructed concrete wall. It has excellent construction speed and quality, but it has the possibility of structural failure depending on the quality of concrete and also has low economical efficiency due to the use of foreign technology. In order to overcome these problems, this study conducted an optimum design for the development of a new concept of Corner Supported Auto Climbing System (CS-ACS) in conjunction with the development of corner steel-reinforced concrete core wall system. For the design the formwork system, the basic module and structural member compositions were planned, and the structural analysis program was used to analyze the optimum member's cross section and spacing. As a result, the horizontal displacement and the stress of the horizontal members were influenced by the spacing more than the cross-section of the member. On the other hand, vertical members did not affect the displacement and stress of the formwork system. The form tie was very effective in controlling the displacement when adjusting the spacing of the horizontal members, but when the spacing of the form tie is more than 1,500mm, it is analyzed that form tie is yielding in basic module. When the span of the formwork system is more than 30m, it is analyzed that the basic module needs to be changed because of the increase of overall displacement.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.56-68
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• 2019

An optimal selection of form-work is very important in the construction project in terms of construction cost and duration management. Also, it substantially affects the quality of the structure and the finishing work. However, in South Korea, the decision making on the selection of form-work has been based on the experience and intuition of construction practitioners not on the objective data or rational decision-making system. In order to solve the problem, several types of research on the selection of form-work has been processed. However, they did not consider the construction site condition, which is one of the most important factors for the selection of form-work. Thus, the objective of this study is developing the objective decision supporting system considering the site condition. This study provides the quantitative decision support model for optimal form-work based on construction site type. It is expected that the decision support model will help the practitioners decide optimal form-work based on the objective data. It will ameliorate the existing decision making process using experience and intuition. In addition, because the model considers site-conditions, it will provide more accurate and appropriate decision on the selection of an optimal form-work.