• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2023

By limiting population and land resources, a high-density urban form has become the inevitable choice for central cities in the rapid growth of many large cities in China. Due to the shift in urban growth and focus, high-density urban areas require restoration and improvement. This study intends to combine ancient and new districts, establish strategies for enhancing urban function, spatial utility, industry, and transportation, and thus enhance regional holistic effectiveness, by performing in-depth research.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.271-278
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• 2016

In the case of South Korea, steel girder bridge (steel box or H-steel) and PSC (Pre-Stressed Concrete) girder bridge are the representative upper structures of railroad and road bridges. These structures account for 75% of the total bridge constructions and 80% of the total construction cost. Since the form work for concreting bridge slab is difficult, various construction methods developed and applied. However, several problems in those methods did not solve partially, including cost increase by material loss and rise of labor costs, quality deterioration by unskilled workers, increased construction time by complicated method, reduced productivity, safety accident by high place work, difficult transportation by big member, and rise of maintenance cost by material characteristic. Alternative method is needed to solve problems of as-is methods. Therefore, the purpose of this study is development of the purlin hanging system form for the girder bridge slab and its economic analysis. Through the findings of this study, it was verified that the purlin hanging system form is possible 60% reduction in cost and 80% reduction in time as comparison with conventional method.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.3 s.16
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• pp.137-149
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to learn from a lesson of the historical fact, the Team 10's break away from the CIAM, which is selected as the most important event in the whole 20th century architecture by author as a historian. The CIAM, organized in 1928 by leading European architects in order to propose new architecture in the industrial era, expanded to the world, met almost annually with an idea of economic efficiency, new functional order, and industrial production for thirty years. Young architects had conflicted with old established group from 6th congress, and after 10th congress they met independently in 1959; the CIAM was disappeared and the Team 10 was born. Main issue of the break-away was human aspect. The Team 10 started from real man, concept of 'human contact', 'sense of community', and 'belonging' instead of abstract functional order. Although CIAM did not suggest inhumane architecture, their biological criteria with sunlight, air, sufficient site became physical determinism. Critique against the Team 10, unsuccess for making humane architecture leads to underestimation like a generational hegemony struggle. However, architect is not specialist of life but form. Historical reevaluation for Team 10 should be that they are the first group to raise an human issue in architecture. Success or not to solve the problem belongs to another domain. After 1960, modern architecture was attacked from the common people, not clients but 'users'. Academic circle tried to solve the problem with behavioral approach through a clear process, 'design method' and with phenomenological approach on real human experience. However practice became reactionary tendency, to make form a little complex, they became post-modern and deconstruction form. Failure of the Team 10's form proved that a complex form does not necessarily make a good life of people. In the Korean historic situation of colony ruling, confusion of liberation, and the War, we did not know the existence of both CIAM and Team 10. After 1970s' economic development, we have just copied Western form from Modern via Post-Modern to Deconstruction. If we make architecture people mattered, we should start from the basic, learning from the Team's break-away, instead of copying.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.19-32
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• 2012

The purpose of this paper is a study on the dome plan of S. M. del Fiore Church of F. Brunelleschi. The results of study are as follows: 1. The planning of floor, elevation and cross section plan of S. M. del Fiore church is basically planned by each other correlation. In particular, the octangular form of geometrical standard which is formed with altar as the center at the crossing part is important component elements which is decided by not only the dome, but form and size of the drum and floor plan form of the lantern 2. The dome which has been planned by F. Brunelleshi has completed the new dome, preserving gothic thought intended by the church plan after study on architecture of ancient Rome with Pantheon. And the dome which is a main space of church through all aspects of plan, structure, function and construction about the dome is a opportunity in the beginning of Renaissance architecture which is a new epoch and a turning point of architecture on various point of view. 3. The dome which is constructed by F. Brunelleshi has been planned through the innovative solution by the refusal of traditional semicircle form dome, centering use and creation double-shell structure form for the first time in history. And the construction of dome has been solved with the invention of various construction equipments and machineries, the stone rib planned for connection and reinforcement about shells of the octangular form, the support method for reduction the gravity of bricklayers work and the brick work of nock-patterned shape which is masonry construction method of the architecture of ancient Rome.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2011

The maintenance works for brick-structured buildings are a new field in Korea, and practical cases are yet inadequate so that such works may cause adverse effects of damaging the buildings after all. Therefore, this study has extracted a preservation technology believed to be most desirable in minimizing the damage to the original state of the buildings and preserving the value as the cultural assets through maintenance work details from 1986 to 2010 regarding brick-structured buildings designated as cultural properties. Firstly, a brick replacement method of using the brick used at the time of construction is efficient in replacement and repair of brick material for preserving value of cultural assets and minimizing damage of the original form. Secondly, use of lime mortar through material analysis is effective in repair of masonry joint and mortar but it is not used often due to high experimental cost. Finally, reinforcement of structure using a form for a building with severe damage is most efficient when considering additional problems. However, damage on the original form of a building can be minimized and value of a building can be preserved only when consideration on sufficient case analysis, materials to be used, and conditions of a building is supported.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2016

While the advantages of BIM stem in the automatic and efficient assembling amongst the given, single semantic-embedded objects, it is still unknown the efficiency of BIM for developing the form that has more than one functions. To investigate the research question, in an authentic design course, the participants (N=38) assessed the efficiency of BIM when they designed a shop with the single semantic-embedded objects and multi-semantic objects. Independent T-tests reveal that in BIM, the use of the single semantic-embedded objects is statistically more efficient than that of multi-semantic objects (p<0.01). As the reason, in interviews, the participants reported that they had to split down the planned multi-meanings and assign only one meaning to one form in order to utilize the automatic assembling of BIM. Thus, they spent much effort and time for re-coordinating the match between the forms and multi-semantics. The findings of this study highlight the further directions of BIM in order to suit for the empirical practices of architects.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.15-22
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to grasp a concept for mixed-use tendency of educational facilities, its propellant circumstance in the nation and japan, to analyze a feature of a function, a flow planing of user and the complex form which appear from an instance of the mixed-use tendentious educational facilities and is to suggest a basic matter on the architectural planning for mixed-use tendency of the regional facilities and educational facilities. The results of the study can be summarized were as follow: 1) The step of mixed-use in nation is yet the early step and a extremely feeble to compared with the japan. 2) In a case of the mixed-use tendency facility, the nation is to appear for the necessity of a region but they know of a varied facility to be mixed-use tendency in japan. 3) Much to appear monolithic form in the side of complex form. 4) To appear multi-story in the side of facility-story. 5) It is much example of separating from main entrance, the flow of interior found of dividing into not to transit or transit by the function of facility. 6) To know for being tendency of common and division by the principal of user in facility instituting E V.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.77-90
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• 2012

The typical form of Indian Stupa, which is going to understood the gradual development and various forms at the Kushan-era Stupa. Buddhist art and architecture of the Kushan-era was influenced Gandharan Hellenistic culture of the foreign. And indigenous Indian cultures of mature was visually big change. The Kushan-era Stupa has been ten feature. First, a circular podium at typical form of the initial Stupa was constantly changed. Second, is the Stupa of the overlaps and increase podium. Third, the Stupa has been square podium. Forth, is down scale of Anda(Bokbal). Fifth, increases the Stupa and Railing smaller, and Change the position of the Torana(gateway). Sixth, changing the target of the faith, thereby a statue of Buddha has been added in the Stupa. Seventh, around the main Stupa and podium are made in a tabernacle. Eighth, the developed spokes structure was added to on the podium inside. Ninth, crosswise plan appears unlike general Stupa. This type has relevance with Tower Stupa. Tenth, the Votive Stupa was added to the temples and Apse type chaitya has been developed.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.177-193
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• 2017

The accelerated development of new materials, technologies and construction processes, in parallel with advances in computational algorithms and ever growing computational power, is leading to more daring and innovative architectural and structural designs. The search for non-regular building shapes and slender structures, as alternative to the traditional architectural forms that have been prevailing in the building sector, poses important engineering challenges in the assessment of the strength and mechanical stability of non-conventional structures and systems, namely against highly variable actions as wind and seismic forces. In case of complex structures, laboratory experiments are a widely used methodology for strength assessment and loading characterization. Nevertheless, powerful numerical tools providing reliable results are also available today and able to compete with the experimental approach. In this paper the wind action on a free-form complex thin shell is investigated through 3D-CFD simulation in terms of the pressure coefficients and global forces generated. All the modelling aspects and calibrating process are described. The results obtained showed that the CFD technique is effective in the study of the wind effects on complex-shaped structures.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.13 no.4 s.40
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• pp.107-124
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to understand underlying principle to form the U-type folk house in the northwestern part of Kangwha Island by viewpoint of inner residents. It is found that many factors other than climate are coincidentally affecting the shape of house; Resident's fixed thought like following geomancer' suggestion, seeking fortune, and locating house enclosed low site; Economic reason of uniting one house with two buildings and making small type by used timber from dismantled house; Centralizing life with small courtyard by reason of family type change from extended to nuclear; Influence from L or ㅁ type of upper class building at Seoul area. The method is thick description of culture with ethnographic method from cognitive anthropology: Observing the form and restoring residents' life with open-ended deep interview.