• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.1 s.41
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• pp.7-19
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is the study on the piazza plan of basilica S. Pietro. The results of study are as follows: 1. The piazza of the basilica S. Pietro was planned in relation to building-piazza-symbol of interior piazza-street as city planning characteristic of Baroque and architectural characteristic of elliptical piazza form. 2. The function of piazza of basilica S. Pietro was planned for religious meeting of a grand scale than a piazza for the common run of people. 3. In general, the disposition, ground, elevation and section plan of the piazza of basilica S. Pietro was planned by principle of spatial and formal composition, according to axis, symmetry, proportion, division and contrast. 4. The location, scale, shape of piazza for disposition and ground plan of the piazza of basilica S. Pietro was basically decided by not only elements of Basilica building, Vatican Palace, Street and Walls of surroundings with axis of the Basilica building, but Fountain and Obelisk as existing constituent elements. 5. The elevation of the piazza of basilica S. Pietro was composed of boundary that was enclosed from wall of trapezoid piazza and gallery of elliptical piazza with equal height as symmetry. And the section plan was planned to approach into the Basilica through slope and stairs of gentle angle, utilizing of existing land form.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.49-67
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• 1992

This study is an architectural investigation paper which has been investigated for 5 years from 1986 about commoner's traditional houses and village in southwestern island area of Korea. Man has lived in this area form the prehistoric age. But from 13C to 14C and in 16C most of people had left this islands by external invasion (Japan) and from 17C many people have lived in real earnest. This area did not have cultural interchange easily than inland area because of geographical conditions, Therefore, so far, many traditional factors have been handed down and especially, a good many commoner's traditional houses exist. The time of builging of these houses is mainly 19C and building shape of those days remains nearly as it is. About 450 houses have been investigated for 5 years. The composition of the houses is composed of Anchae (a centeral house), Sarangchae (an attached house of anchae) and Chukganchae (It has rest room and stores barnyard manure). Somtimes, Sarangchae was ommitted according to the circumstance of the house. Generally, the form of arrangement of house is divided into two shapes; One is 'ㅡ'shape which has only Anchae and the other is 'ㄱ' shape which has Anchae and Sarangchae. In the scale of the house, Anchae averages $41m^2$ and Sarangchae averages $27m^2$.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.249-266
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• 2001

Current seismic design provisions allow structures to deform into inelastic range during design level earthquakes since the chance to meet such event is quite rare. For this purpose, design base shear is defined in current seismic design provisions as the value of elastic seismic shear force divided by strength reduction factor, R (${\geq}1$). Strength reduction factor generally consists of four different factors, which can account for ductility capacity, overstrength, damping, and redundancy inherent in structures respectively. In this study, R factor is assumed to account for only the ductility rather than overstrength, damping, and redundancy. The R factor considering ductility is called "ductility factor" ($R_{\mu}$). This study proposes ductility factor with correction factor, C, which can account for dynamic P-${\Delta}$ effect. Correction factor, C is established as the functional form since it requires computational efforts and time for calculating this factor. From the statistical study using the results of nonlinear dynamic analysis for 40 earthquake ground motions (EQGM) it is shown that the dependence of C factor on structural period is weak, whereas C factor is strongly dependant on the change of ductility ratio and stability coefficient. To propose the functional form of C factor statistical study is carried out using 79,920 nonlinear dynamic analysis results for different combination of parameters and 40 EQGM.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.25-36
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• 2019

School gymnasium is a multi-purpose large space building for various events and physical education activities, and is a facility that requires an approach to the desirable structural design, besides mechanical problems of structure against loads. For the integrated structure design concerning the architectural features, the major considerations of gymnasium planning that are the internal and external shape of the gymnasium, the space scale with structure members, the structural efficiency by members weight reduction and openness of the gymnasium space will have to take into account in the structural planning. From this point of view, the several cases of the school gymnasium were investigated and the parametric analyses were performed to the models using the various structural system. The parameters were the composition elements of structure system that are profile of structure, rigidity of member, connection and anchorage and stability. At the result, It was presented that the profile of structure member was the most influential factor to structural efficiency and the effect of the form and space of gymnasium. Also the design informations of structure design having the various feature of form and space were presented for the initial gymnasium planning.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.82-92
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• 2016

This study aims to contribute to better understanding of the Baroque architect Francesco Borromini, and, as a consequence, of the Baroque period itself. Recognizing that historical studies have focused mainly on the architectural (i.e., formal) aspects of Borromini's work and largely neglected the technical (i.e., structural) issues, and that the relationship between the architectural and structural worlds in Borromini's activity has consequently never been studied in depth, this research set as its objective the study of this relationship, and has developed a comparative analysis of Borromini's attitude toward architectural problems and questions of tectonics. The investigation has been conducted on two meaningful case-studies in Rome: San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane and Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza. The analysis has highlighted a strong dichotomy between Borromini as an architectural designer and Borromini as a structural designer. While Borromini's design is experimental, innovative, and nonconformist, his structures are cautious, tested, and validated by trustworthy tradition. His unprejudiced use of constructive solutions from different historical periods, regions, and cultural areas allows the definition of his approach to tectonics as "constructive eclecticism." The analysis has also highlighted the independence between the architectural and structural aspects of his work, as the two do not interfere with or limit each other. The dichotomy between form and structure in Borromini's work may reflect the "theatrical" tendency of Baroque culture, where what is shown on the face is often different from what is hidden behind.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.7 no.4 s.17
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• pp.77-91
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• 1998

The theory of tectonic appeared in the midst of 19th century as German architects adopted new materials and structural technology, invented by creative engineers, into architectural design. This does not merely mean a technical problem but concern the redefinition of architecture in term of an aesthetic, cultural, and ontological identity. Furthermore it alluded to a desire on the part of architectural theorists to actualize artistic and spiritual goals out of new constructional necessities. Because of their complex discourse that assumed the possibility of communication between philosophical and technical aspects, between ideal and real concerns, tectonics becomes until now the most important issue in architecture. The concept of tectonic was intensively investigated by Gottfried Semper's and Karl B$\ddot{o}$tticher architectural writings. They contributed to clarify the principle aspects of tectonic within architectural, philosophical, and anthropological discourses of 19th century. Gottfried Semper stressed an understanding of how architecture took on physical form in earliest human culture. He placed great importance on the artistic expression of materials. But unlike Semper who argued the cladding of the structural frame by decorative wall system, Karl Botticher required maximum visibility of structural frame. This represents the different positions between Gottfried Semper and Karl Botticher

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.277-282
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the architectural visual identity, and scheme of conceptional extent of architectural visual identity through literature research and sample analysis by design factors for apartment design. Korea National Housing Corporation's Mapo apartment put first caterer which is continued about 30 years to solve shortage of houses by beginning and the impact of IMF and the price decontrol on second half in the 1990s have changed the housing status to commercial goods. Construction companies have introduced brand concept to satisfy consumer's appetite in production of house goods including apartment under market situation. Importance of visual identity in apartment design occupies has risen in heftily. However most companies are in condition of stay on two-dimensional application that uses symbol, logotype, and character assistance. Several high position construction companies are trying architectural visual identity, but those are applied in partial element and those are not going forward to systematic classification and synthetic visual identity plan within peculiarity of apartment complex. This study is to grasp plan and design tendency to acquire identity of design element of construction field and goods through design examination. In conclusion visual identity in apartment design is architectural visual identity on all of 2 dimensions and 3 dimension for application. Architectural visual identity is a language of form that prescribe identity about external appearance in combination with brand image.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.3 s.50
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• pp.122-129
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• 2005

The purpose of this study aims at the development of architectural design thinking which has been studied in the Kant's Epistemology to examine the Schema theories. In this point of view, the related theories are reviewed through Expression Form, representation of architectural knowledge and so on. One of these words, the Schema that formed by transcendental an Experience and Memory of transcendental an Experience, not only Play an important Part in the designer's thinking system about a specific problem but also appeared by distinctive features(image) and included by connotation as like a designer's ideology. Speaking briefly, thinking of a designer familiar with us as abstract confusion can be confined such methodological tools as schema, and image, etc., which we can easily understand the relationship among them through mechanism of Kant's [Concept-Schema-Intuition]. Evidences collected from case studies and its application on architectural design yield following results. First, design thinking can be defined as Kant's Epistemology composed of the schema and its extended factors(architectural-schema). Second, design thinking can be revealed different characteristics depending on the degree of the schema and architectural-schema. Lastly, the methodology will be proposed after application of the result to architects' works.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.42-49
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• 2008

Design concepts of light can be divided into two respects, visual plastic and metaphysical meaning. The current research focuses on the second respect. The meaning of light is abstract characteristics(for example, divinity, spirituality, or image) ultimately expressed by visual plastic. Because it makes architectural space abundant, it have been expressed frequently in architectural space until now. The purpose of this paper is to conceptualize and explain and arrange the meanings of light in the category that have been expressed in architectural space from ancient to current. The method of this study is content analysis and case study, and this is supplement by theoretical consideration on the meaning of light(relationship between perception and meaning, elements to form meaning etc.). This study consists of three steps. Firstly, through the content analysis of existing literature and documents, 17 meanings of light are confirmed. Secondly, these 17 meanings are defined and explained in 3 categories(symbolic, esthetic, and experiential character). Thirdly, they are additionally explained and articulated by case study. In the result, various meanings of light that have been fragmentarily expressed in architectural space until now is clearly arranged at a glance. Those suggested design concepts will be basic conferential material, available to the interior designers and students who want to utilize the organised study concepts.

• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2019

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, a new curriculum that breaks away from the existing education programs is needed to cultivate men of talent for this new industrial era. In this regard, this study aimed to develop innovative curriculums that can be applied to the capstone design of architectural engineering at universities in Korea. To this end, it analyzed the operational status of the capstone design curriculum of domestic universities that operate engineering certification education programs. In addition, it examined educational innovation cases of advanced universities at home and abroad, and analyzed other studies related to educational renovation. Based on the analysis results, it developed the capstone design curriculum of architectural engineering that can be applied to domestic universities. The curriculum was developed into two contents: operating method and syllabus. The method which has been commonly applied to domestic universities was adopted as the operating method. The syllabus was developed by applying flipped learning and design thinking theory, which has widely been dealt with in advanced universities and recent studies. In addition, the curriculum was developed in the form of a prototype to meet the conditions of each university for its efficient utilization.