• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.487-490
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• 2006

Ocean Color Monitor (OCM) onboard the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IRS-P4 has been used to retrieve chlorophyll concentration in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea using a bio-optical algorithm. Cloud masking and atmospheric corrections have been performed before applying mapping function to derive chlorophyll concentration from IRS-P4 OCM data. We have retrieved chlorophyll concentration from OCM, and MODIS during the summer and winter season along the eastern and western coast of India at every 1 degree latitude at increasing distance (25, 50, 100, 150 and 200km) away from the coast as well as near river mouths for the period 2000-2003. We have also studied spatial and temporal dynamics of monthly MODIS Aqua (for period July 2002-April 2004). The seasonal dynamics of chlorophyll concentration over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea have been discussed using OCM and MODIS for both the coastal region and the open sea.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2008

The seasonal variability of sonic layer depth (SLD) in the central Arabian Sea (CAS) (0 to $25^{\circ}N$ and $62-66^{\circ}E$) was studied using the temperature and salinity (T/S) profiles from Argo floats for the years 2002-2006. The atmospheric forcing responsible for the observed changes was explored using the meteorological data from NCEP/NCAR and Quickscat winds. SLD was obtained from sound velocity profiles computed from T/S data. Net heat flux and wind forcing regulated SLD in the CAS. Up-welling and down-welling (Ekman dynamics) associated with the Findlater Jet controlled SLD during the summer monsoon. While in winter monsoon, cooling and convective mixing regulated SLD in the study region. Weak winds, high insolation and positive net heat flux lead to the formation of thin, warm and stratified sonic layer during pre and post summer monsoon periods, respectively.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2007

Northern Arabian Sea (NAS) between $17^{\circ}N-20.5^{\circ}N$ and $59^{\circ}E-69^{\circ}E$ was observed by using Argo float daily data fur about 9 months, from April 2002 through December 2002. Results showed that during April - May mixed layer shoaled due to light winds, clear sky and intense solar insolation. Sea surface temperature (SST) rose by $2.3^{\circ}C$ and ocean gained an average of 99.8 $Wm^{-2}$. Mixed layer reached maximum depth of about 71 m during June - September owing to strong winds and cloudy skies. Ocean gained abnormally low $\sim18Wm^{-2}$ and SST dropped by $3.4^{\circ}C$. During the inter monsoon period, October, mixed layer shoaled and maintained a depth of 20 to 30 m. November - December was accompanied by moderate winds, dropping of SST by $1.5^{\circ}C$ and ocean lost an average of 52.5 $Wm^{-2}$. Mixed layer deepened gradually reaching a maximum of 62 m in December. Analysis of surface fluxes and winds suggested that winds and fluxes are the dominating factors causing deepening of mixed layer during summer and winter monsoon periods respectively. Relatively big]h correlation between MLD, net heat flux and wind speed revealed that short term variability of MLD coincided well with short term variability of surface forcing.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.61-65
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• 2000

The ethanolic extracts of marine green, brown and red algae collected from Karachi coasts of Arabian Sea afforded a new enol-derivative of N-acylsphingosine named as coelarthenol (1) from Coelarthrum muelleri, two new glucose-derivatives named: botryenal (2) and botryenol (3) from Botryocladia leptopoda, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ quinone (4) from Codium iyengarii, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ and hexadecanoic acid from Stokeyia indica. The known constituents (4, ${\beta}-sitosterol$ & hexadecanoic acid) have not been reported so far from their corresponding sources and the structures were determined through spectroscopic methods, whereas, the structures of new constituents (1-3) were elucidated with the aid of selective HMBC experiments. The phytotoxicity of 4 was also monitored.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.312-319
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• 2016

Measured wave data covering two years simultaneously at 3 locations along the eastern Arabian Sea reveals the presence of long-period (peak wave period > 18 s) low-amplitude waves (significant wave height < 1 m) and the characteristics of these waves are described in this article. In a year, 1.4-3.6% of the time, the low-amplitude long-period swells were observed, and these waves were mainly during the nonmonsoon period. The wave spectra during these long-period swells were multi-peaked with peak wave period around 18.2 s, the secondary peak period around 13.3 s and the wind-sea peak period at 5 s. The ratio of the spectral energy of the wind-sea peak and the primary peak (swell) was slightly higher at the northern location (0.2) than that at the southern location (0.15) due to the higher wind speed present at the northern location.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2000

A marine bacterium having a high oil-degrading activity was isolated form the oil-polluted southern sea of Korea, and was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and was named Pseudomonas aeruginosa BYK-2. The optimal tmeperatur, culture time, pH and NaCl concentration for biosurfactant production and cell growth showed $25^{\circ}C$, 48h, 7.0 and 0%(w/v), respectively. After cultivation at $25^{\circ}C$, 180 rpm in 250 mL erlenmeyer flask for 7days, 1%(w/v) arabian light crude oil and bunker C oil which are considered to be hardly degradable compounds were degraded 92.1%(w/w) and 76%(w/w) respectively. And then, cell adherence was measured on various carbon sources. The cell adherence indicated over 80% on hydrocarbons(arabian light crude oil, kuwait curde oil, bunker C oil, n-paraffine, n-hexadecane, n-tetradecane) as carbon sources. Lecithin among fatty acids(oleic acid, olive oil, lecithin) showed highest cell adherence of 91.5%. The cell adherence of sugars(arabinose, trehalose, dextrose, galactose, lactose, fructose, maltose, sorbitol, sucrose) observed to be less than 70% except for arabinose, galactose, sorbitol and sucrose.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.28.3-28.3
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• 2008

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.507-516
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• 1999

More than twenty-five major international bodies of water bear the names of particular nations or states. Many of these are not names are widely accepted, but considerable disagreement has developed in some cases. A systematic examination of the level of conflict over the use of national names for international bodies of water indicates that conflict is most likely to develop where shifting power relations among interested states produce concern about the hegemonic ambitions of the state after which the body of water is named. This is the case in the three situations where considerable contention exists over the use of a national name for an international body of water: the Persian Gulf/Arabian Sea, the Sea of Japan/East Sea, and the South China SealBien Dong. Cases evidencing little contention are those where either no state has a significant interest in the naming issue, or where the name that is attached to the body of water is that of a state that has not been a historic threat to others in the region. Naming international bodies of water after nations or states is potentially problematic because such appellations can connote ownership or control by a single people or political entity. An understanding of the controversies surrounding these place names requires consideration of the geopolitical context in which they are embedded.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.77-91
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• 2001

According to the many ancient literatures, it is said to be that Merchant Prince, Chang Pogo in unification Silla had traded with not only China, Japan but also Arab-Islam Countries, but unfortunately there is no definite records about this. Therefore in this study the writer would like to presume the sea routes of Merchant Prince, Chang Pogo in a unification Silla. For the purpose of this study the writer would like to study the reference books and materials regarding to the sea routes of prehistoric age and ancient three countries of Kingdoms and unification Silla. Especially the writer consider “The Work of Routes and Kingdoms” of Ibn Khurdarhbih regarding to the ancient sea routes of Korea, China, Arab-Islam Countries, and also the writer consider the ancient sea routes of Tang Dynasty in China and Ryukyu Kingdom in Japan. About this methodology of this study, the writer believe that the sea routes of today is the results of ancient sea routes, and this ancient sea routes could not be changed forever except special circumstance. According in this study the writer would like to persume the sea routes of Merchant Prince, Chang Pogo using like this methodologies. This presumption of the writer is originated on the basis of The Work of Routes and Kingdoms written by ancient Arabian Geographer, Ibn Khurdadhbih in the early years of 9th century. The Work of Routes and Kingdoms is geography, and the principal contents of this geography are the activities of Arab-Islam merchants and Chinese Merchants between Arab-Islam countries and China from 9th century to 11th century by ancient sea routes. But surprisingly in this geography, Silla was marked, and another ancient Arabian geogrpher, Al-Biruni marked Silla on his map, Qanun Al-mas'udi in the 9th century, and also another ancient Arabian geographer, Al-Idrisi marked Silla on his map in the 11th century. Especially Al-Biruni expressed the longitude and latitude of Silla on his map, he expressed Silla as following. “at the extreme end of China toward the East and few people travelled to it by sea”. Therefore the writer would like to presume that Arab-Islam merchants had traded with unification Silla in the 9th century, and also Merchant Prince, Chang Pogo had traded with not only China, Japan but also Arab-Islam Countries using above ancient sea routes in the 9th century.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.154-159
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• 2002

Satellite remote sensing technology for ocean observation has evolved considerably in these last twenty years. Ocean color is one of the most important parameters of ocean satellite measurements. This paper describes a remote sensing of ocean color data project - Asian I-Lac Project; it also introduces several case studies using satellite images in the Asian waters. The Asian waters are related to about 30 Asian countries, representing about 60% of the world population. The project aims at generating long-term time series images (planned for 10 years from 1996 to 2006) by combining several ocean color satellite data, i.e., ADEOS-I OCTS and SeaWiFS, and some other sensors. Some typical parameters that could be measured include Chlorophyll- a (Chl-a), Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM), and Suspended Material (SSM). Reprocessed OCTS images display spatial variation of Chl-a, CDOM, and SSM in the Asian waters; a short term variability of phytoplankton blooms was observed in the Gulf of Oman in November 1996 by analyzing OCTS and NOAA sea surface temperature (SST)； Chl-a concentrations derived from OCTS and SeaWiFS have also been evaluated in coastal areas of the Taiwan Strait, the Gulf of Thailand, the northeast Arabian Sea, and the Japan Sea. The data system provides scientists with capability of testing or developing ocean color algorithms, and transferring images for their research. We have also analyzed availability of OCTS images. The results demonstrate the potential of long-term time series of satellite ocean color data for research in marine biology, and ocean studies. The case studies show multiple applications of satellite images on monitoring of coastal environments in the Asian Waters.