• Korean Security Journal
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• no.39
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• pp.131-160
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• 2014

The radicalization of diaspora is a new phenomena that have been begun to emerge in the complex picture of terrorism. The existence of diaspora and its supports for violent terrorist activities have made the whole dynamic of terrorism more complicated and unpredictable. Therefore, this study attempts to understand the relationship between diaspora support and violent terrorist activities in the constellation of other significant correlates of violent terrorist activities discussed in the prior studies. In analyses, the author utilized a step wise regrssion analyses with a set of variable drawn from an emphatical data collected in Arab and Africa region. The data used in this study is called as "MAROB"(the Minorities at Risk Organizational Behavior), which is developed by START and Minority at Risk project and contains information terrorist groups in Middle-East and Africa region. Considering the significance of this new emergence of the link between diaspora and violent terrorist activities, and the challenging nature of conducting empirical studies on this topic, this study have great contributions on the development in the field of criminal justice as well as terrorism. Other contributions of this study, policy implications, and suggestions for future studies are further discussed in the discussion.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.25
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• pp.107-129
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• 2011

This article aims to observe the role of Arabic and analyze the future of Arabic in France under the base of the Al-Sabhan Rabina Baldhawe's article, published in mettre l'importance sur University Paris 8 in 2007. In the first part, we have focus into the historical analysis: in France, with a few Arabic and French policy has been settled for what were examined. Also enable the use of Arabic in France with regard to trends of Maghreb countries and other Arab countries, is being led by noted. In the second part, we put on the importance about the situation of Arabic in the France's educational institution. And we have analysed the reasons why Arabic became the most important reason for learning the target language: - in order to faciliate the children of immigrants living in Maghreb able to speak French - Due to differences in culture and language experience to relieve the psychological insecurity above sea - By using the Arabic language at home among family members, strengthen solidarity and resolve heterogeneity In the third part, we have recognized that the French education system was looked at in the Journal of Arabic teaching elementary, middle and high school courses, separated by a learning Arabic as the target language. Finally, we have tried to find a way to revitalize Arabic in France in connection with Sabhan Rabina Al-Baldhawe concrete example of the paper were based on a survey. France and the Arab countries' relationship has been long enough to prove the historic aspects and economic cooperation have maintained a relationship even tighter. Arabic, many of the French people also need education and children to learn Arabic in the French educational institution that has shown a positive stance. French students learning Arabic as a future career in choosing the width of the wider benefits it helps to have. Learning Arabic in the course need to be addressed is also true that a lot of points. But the Arabic and various aspects of internal organization is considered a minority in the popular Arabic language training in France has become more competitive in research and analysis to be active stance is required externally, such as the increase of trade agreements and economic systems side at the level of cultural exchange and international co-operation system, strengthening its position as the Arabic language in France.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.189-200
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• 2022

In today's digital world, smartphones and web-based applications have gained remarkable importance throughout the globe. These smart applications are playing a very significant role in maintaining a powerful business. As well as, they are helping a lot to expand these businesses via social networks. Social media networks such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn are playing a prominent role to promote the companies. In the hospitality sector, most of the companies are running their hotel booking systems by utilizing mobile applications and a web-based infrastructure, but usability issues still exist. This study has been conducted specifically to tackle the usability issues of hotel booking systems and the best utilization of social networks to promote the business. TripAdvisor was selected as an authentic source for selecting those systems and two international hotels are selected for this study. The first step is to identify different hotel booking systems. In the second step, the user's satisfaction level was measured for the selected systems by performing the System Usability Scale (SUS, Quick & Dirty) approach. Additionally, by which source (social media or personal relations) they found these hotels. It is found that the SUS rating for both systems is below the acceptable level of usability. The Mean SUS for hotel 1 is found at 55.25 and 51.2 for hotel 2. The third step was to identify the user interface (UI) issues, and heuristic evaluation is performed for this. The experts identified the UI issues on the basis of their experience. The major issues were related to the visibility of system status, error prevention, flexibility and efficiency of use. Depending upon the identified issues, an interactive UI (prototype) for the selected web-based applications was proposed. This prototype is mainly based on the user's perspective. This prototype can be used for improving the UI of the selected systems which is based on the user's perspective. During the process of verifying the satisfaction level, it is revealed that the targeted audience is not able to use these systems efficiently and effectively. The reason behind this is the negligence of usability guidelines throughout the process of design and development of these hotel booking systems. Therefore, it is highly recommended that the usability of these systems should be evaluated and redesigned, based on expert opinions. It has also been observed that the reviews/ feedback of customers has spread a negative impact through social networks.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.695-703
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• 2008

A locally isolated thermophile, Geobacillus sp. SAB-40, producing thermostable extracellular amylase constitutively and an induced intracellular ${\beta}$-galactosidase was characterized and identified based on 16S rRNA sequencing. A phylogenetic analysis then revealed its closeness to Geobacillus stearothermophilus. To evaluate the effect of the culture conditions on the coproduction of both enzymes by G stearothermophilus SAB-40, a Plackett-Burman fractional factorial design was applied to determine the impact of twenty variables. Among the tested variables, $CaCI_2$, the incubation time, $MgSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$, and tryptone were found to be the most significant for encouraging amylase production. Lactose was found to promote ${\beta}$-galactosidase production, whereas starch had a significantly negative effect on lactase production. Based on a statistical analysis, a preoptimized medium attained the maximum production of amylase and ${\beta}$-galactosidase at 23.29 U/ml/ min and 12,958 U/mg biomass, respectively, which was 3-and 2-fold higher than the yield of amylase and lactase obtained with the basal medium, respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.4067-4070
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• 2014

Background: The Chinese Hui ethnic group has diverse origins, including Arab, Persian, Central Asian, and Mongol. The standardized mortality rate of gastric cancer in the Hui population is higher than the overall Chinese population. In this study, we investigated whether COX-2-765G>C polymorphism, an extensively studied polymorphism, contributes to gastric cancer and its precursor lesions (GPL) in the Chinese Hui ethnic group. Materials and Methods: COX-2-765G>C polymorphism was determined by pyrosequencing in 100 gastric cancer cases, 102 gastric cancerand its precursor lesions cases and 105 controls. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square tests and logistic regression models. Results: Among the Chinese Hui ethnic group COX-2-765 C allele carriers were at increased risk for gastric cancer (OR=1.977, 95%CI=1.104-3.541). We also found an interaction between COX-2 -765 C carriers and Helicobacter pylori infection and eating pickled vegetables. Conclusions: Our findings suggest a multi-step process of gene-environment interaction contributes to gastric carcinogenesis.

• World Technopolis Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.96-108
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• 2013

Egypt has been known as the light house of science and innovation not only in the Middle East but to the world across ages. Recently, there have been many ups and downs that positioned Egypt in a lower rank that it actually deserves according to its long history. This review entitles the current condition of science, technology and innovation in Egypt and the consequent setting up of best practices of science and technology parks (STPs) experiences. Egypt's science, technology and innovation (STI) system is highly centralized and dominated by the public sector, with R&D happening mostly in state-run universities and research centers supervised by the Ministry of Higher Education and Ministry of Scientific Research. R&D indicators state that Egypt ranking is 40th worldwide for the published articles (around 10,000 papers in 2011), while the numbers of issued patents (350 local and 50 international in 2011) is still far beyond expected. STPs in Egypt are addressed in this review by three examples; smart village in Cairo, Investment zone in Borg El-Arab City and Technology Valley in Ismailia. The three models are discussed in details and a suggested road map for developing more STPs is estimated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.467-477
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• 2013

Municipalities in the United Arab Emirates approve reinforced concrete design of building structures to follow either the ACI 318 or the BS 8110 code. Since the requirements of these codes are different from each, there is a need to compare the structural demand in the two codes. The main objective of this study is to compare the design requirements of the ACI 318 code with the BS 8110 code for the flexural, shear and axial compression limit states. The load factors and load combinations in the two codes are also compared. To do so, a large number of cross-sections with different geometries, material properties, and reinforcement ratios are analyzed following the procedures in the two codes. The relevant factored load combinations in the two codes are also investigated for a wide range of live-to-dead load ratios and for various wind-to-dead load ratios. The study showed that the differences between the design capacities in the ACI 318 and BS 8110 codes are minor for flexure, moderate for axial compression, and major for shear. Furthermore, the factored load combinations for dead load, live load and wind in the two codes yield minor-to-moderate differences, depending on the live-to-dead load ratio and intensity of wind.

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.15
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• pp.111-135
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• 2013

This study explores gender images represented in the works of women artists from the Middle East, where male chauvinism is recognized to be more predominant than elsewhere. The artists included in this study such as Mona Hatoum, Shirin Neshat, Lida Abdul and Sigalit Landau are Post-Feminist generation of artists who were born in the Middle East but spent significant amount of time in the West. In addition, they were trained as artists under the influences of the Western Feminist Art. This particular group of female artists pays much attention to the ontological question of their identities rather than male/female inequality, and each artist represents men and women in the ways that can hardly be found in the works by women artists in the West. These artists not only connect gender identities to the socio-political geography of the Middle East but also deconstruct Western stereotypes of men and women from Arab world. The paper focuses on the way these women artists incorporate male/female vs. culture/nature dichotomies into their works to subvert the premises on which Western Feminism has been based and not only to cast light on women's freedom and their ontological conflicts but also to emphasize social suppression inflicted upon men. In such process, these artists resist stereotypical images of Middle Eastern men and women widely circulated in the mainstream media of the West.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.909-917
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• 2020

The research aims to analyze the firm-specific and macroeconomic factors that affect insurance company's financial performance. The research explores the variables that influence the financial performance of the United Arab Emirates (UAE)' insurance companies. The analysis for determining financial performance considers the following variables: the firm's age, retention ratio, capital adequacy, underwriting risk/loss ratio, financial-leverage, reinsurance dependency, and macro-economic factors such as GDP per capita, inflation rate considered as independent factors. The return-on-asset (ROA) is the key measuring indicator; it is regarded as the dependent variable for financial performance measures. The research focuses on secondary information obtained from insurance companies' financial statements. The researcher targeted 18 insurance companies listed on the UAE stock exchanges for study purposes. The research examines the overall factors that influence the financial performance of an insurance company. For analysis of data, software package of social sciences (SPSS version 20) is used. The studies used correlation and multiple linear regression analysis to determine financial performance and their effects. The analysis suggests that there are important and constructive relationships between the size, capital adequacy, and reinsurance dependency, while loss ratio, retention ratio, and financial leverage indicate a major negative relationship. And there's no link between GDP per capita and inflation.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.159-168
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• 2020

The cryptocurrency market has received immense consideration in media and academia since the beginning of 2013 because of its huge price fluctuation. This study focuses on Arab investors who invest in the cryptocurrency market by investigating the influence of behavioral finance factors on investment decisions in the cryptocurrency market. A quantitative approach was used by employing a snowball sampling method through 112 questionnaires. The results show that herding theory, prospect theory, and heuristic theory have a significant effect on investors' investment decisions in the cryptocurrency market. This emphasizes the significant role of the proposed behavioral factors as determinants of the investors' investment decisions. This study contributes to the existing research by consolidating the results of different researches in this study. It also contributes to the investors' understanding of the dynamics of the cryptocurrency market and it enhances the ability to make informed decisions based on their understanding. The implication of the findings will prepare hit and run investors to be progressively prepared to stay in the cryptocurrency market and develop their abilities on the most proficient method to settle on sound venture choices. Furthermore, the findings of this study will encourage financial specialists to realize that information on the traditional finance theory is not adequate to excel in the cryptocurrency market.