• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.32-36
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• 1981

Fry of a Siamic catfish Clarias batrachus was brought to Korea on August 14,1979 and exper-imentally reared for a whole life cycle in a small water recycling aquarium. After 29 days since start of feeding the fry were measured 5 cm in 1ength and 1.43 g in body weight and after 260 days they were measured 205.7 g average. Chorionic gonadotrophin (2 IU) was injected to a healthy female (224 g) and after 63 hours fertilized eggs were obtained in a small water recycling aquarium. About 1,300 fry were hatched out 20 hours after spawning at $30^{\circ}C$ constant water temperature. The fry began to feed on water fleas 53 hours after hatching. My sincere thanks are due to Mr. Panu Tavarutmaneegu1, Mr. Chanchai Sansrimahachai and Miss Revadee Spriprasert, National Inland Fisheries Institute, Bangkok, Thailand for their cooperative arrangement to bring the fry of Clarias batrachus to Korea for this experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2003

The feasibility as floricultural crops and water garden plant materials of Korean native water plants was investigated. Propagation type, growing and flowering time were observed for development as water garden, interior aquarium plant and water purification materials. Flowering time of the water plant was 7 species in May, 28 species in June, 49 species in July, 55 species in August, 47 species in September, and 17 species in October. Beautiful flowering water plants were Nymphaeaceae, Nymphoides peltata, Nymphoides indica, Monochoria korsakowii, Iris pseudacorus, Iris laevigata, and etc. Ornamental leafy water plants were Ceratopteris thalictroides, Ludwigia ovalis, Myriophyllum verticillatim, Limnophila sessiliflora, Blyxa aubertii, Blyxa echinosperma, Vallisneria asiatica, Hydrilla verticillata and Eleocharis acicularis etc. Isoetes japonica, Isoetes coreana and Isoetes sinensis were propagated by spore. Blyxa aubertii, Blyxa echinosperma, Myriophyllum verticillatim, Nuphar japonicum, Nelumbo nucifera, Ottelia alismoides, Sagittaria aginashi, Trapa japonica, and Trapa natans were propagated by seed. Persicaria amphibia, Ceratophyllum demersum (hornwort), Myriophyllum verticillatim, Myriophyllum spicatum, Oenanthe javanica, Potamogeton crispus, Hydrilla verticillata and Acorus calamus were propagated by division. And Vallisneria asiatica, Hydrilla verticillata and Phragmites japonica were propagated by runner. Ceratophyllum demersum (hornwort), Myriophyllum verticillatim, Myriophyllum spicatum, Limnophila sessilifera were propagated by adventitious bud. Ceratopteris thalictroides was propagated by leaf cutting. The 35 genera, 68 species of water plants were available for horticultural use. The 45 species such as Iris laevigata, Eleocharis acicularis, Menyanthes trifoliata, Nymphaea minima, Nuphar pumilum, Nymphoides coreana, Nymphoides peltata, Nymphoides indica, Nymphaea tetragona (water lily), and Typha latifolia could be use for water garden plant. The 21 species such as Limnophila sessilifera, Vallisneria asiatica, Ceratophyllum demersum and Hydrilla verticillata available for indoor aquarium. The 19 species such as Ottelia alismoides, Oenanthe javanica, Limnophila sessilifera and Blyxa echinosperma could be culture in container. The 27 species such as Trapa japonica, Trapa incisa, Phramites commuris (reed), Phragmites japonica, and Zizania latifolia were usable for water purification plant materials.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.528-532
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• 2006

In a cyber aquarium, the behavior of fish objects is the most important factor in respect of visual effects. In this paper, we analyze the principal habits of fish objects such as the vitality, the range of movement, the maximum depth of water they can live, and the cycle of eating. Then, we suggest a method for simulating the stable marine ecosystem with controlling the behaviors, the interaction with other species, the average span of life, and all that sort of thing based on the result of analysis. Because we can freely modify the behavior of fish object by altering the values of attributes, it can be utilized in the dynamic cyber aquarium, the 3D aquarium screen saver, and the cyber fish game, and so on.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2013

In this study, we had analyzed the ammonia removal efficiency in sea animal-culturing aquarium water using hypochlorous acid (HOCl) which is very reactive, no harm to human, and with no formation of toxic trihalomethane. The amount of hypochlorous acid for the removal of ammonia varied with the concentration of ammonia in samples, with 90% of removal efficiency for 30 minute reaction time in the sea water where the ratio of hypochloous acid to ammonia (w/w) is about 8.5 ~ 9.0, and 100% removal in the sample with the ratio of 9.8 ~ 10.1. The removal efficiency with the time was shown to be 90% within 10 minute in the ratio of 9.0 ~ 10.0. These results will effectively be used for the proper management and protection of sea animals in large aquarium through water clarification with hypochlorous acid by calculating the right amount and reaction time.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.2083-2088
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• 2003

This study was performed to analyze the velocity and temperature distributions of the land aquaculture tank for fish breeding. In this study, we analyzed the velocity and temperature distributions in aquarium tank, and the finite volume method and standard ${\kappa}-{\epsilon}$ turbulence model with the SIMPLE computational algorithm are used to study the water flow in the aquarium. The main calculation parameters of the aquarium tank are the inlet flow rate with from 0.5 to 2.0L/M.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.68-78
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• 2007

In a virtual aquarium, the behavior of fish objects is the most important factor in respect of visual effects. In addition to the individual behavior of fish object, the interactions between objects due to their attributes, can improve the dynamics and reality of the virtual world. In this paper, we analyze the principal habits of fish objects such as the vitality, the range of movement, the maximum depth of water they can live, and the cycle of eating. Then, we suggest a method for simulating the stable marine ecosystem with controlling the behaviors, the interaction with other species, the average span of life, and all that sort of thing based on the result of analysis. Because we can freely modify the behavior of fish object by altering the values of attributes, it can be utilized in the dynamic virtual aquarium, the 3D aquarium screen saver, and the virtual fish game, and so on.

• Journal of Marine Life Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2016

Since April 2012, doctor fish in the breeding tank and in the quarantine tank in Hanwha Aquaplanet Yeosu Aquarium have been dying, accompanied by diffuse bleeding around the mouth, in the chin, and at the bottom of the abdomen. In this study, the cause of death would be examined through the bacteriological study of doctor fish and the rearing water quality in the aquarium. The water quality and the bacterial counts of the rearing water in the exhibit tank and in the quarantine tank were analyzed once a week, starting from August to November 2014. Water quality was measured based on the following data: temperature was in the range of 24.5~26.8℃, pH at 6.77~7.94, DO at 6.15~8.61 ppm, ammonia at 0~0.93 ppm, nitrite at 0.009~0.075 ppm, and nitrate at 1.1~40.9 ppm. Studies revealed that the differences in these water quality factors were not related to the death of doctor fish. Bacterial counts in the rearing waters of Garra rufa slightly increased to 10³~10⁴ CFU/ml, just before the death of the doctor fish. Twelve strains of bacteria were isolated from the dead fish and rearing waters. The isolates were identified as Aeromonas veronii, Citrobacter freundii, Pseudorhodoferax aquiterrae, Shewanella putrefaciens, and Vibrio anguillarum on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The most dominant species was C. freundii, which showed medium sensitivity to florfenicol and norfloxacin, and was resistant to amoxacillin, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, tetracycline, and trimethoprim. Ten isolates were confirmed to be pathogenic to the doctor fish. Doctor fish infected with C. freundii and S. putrefaciens showed high mortality in the experimental groups. These results indicate that the variation in bacterial numbers in the rearing water was related to the death of doctor fish. C. freundii and S. putrefaciens were directly implicated in causing the death of doctor fish in the aquarium.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.187-196
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• 2012

Recently, for the purpose of constructing artificial ecosystem, the public aquarium and experimental mesocosm systems are receiving attention. To design and establish an aquarium and mesocosm system, there is need of several materials for simulating the environment, such as sediments, rocks, and plants. Expecially for sessile mollusks, there must be proper materials to which sessile invertebrates can adhere. Nowadays, many aquariums and mesocosm systems are using dead coral skeletons for sessile mollusks. This study was proceeded to have data on the effect of dead coral skeletons on water qualities with the experiment on the environmental factors. For this purpose, I made glass tank for experiment, chose two types of dead coral skeletons imported from the Indonesia and observed the change of water qualities and decomposition efficiency of TAN (total ammonia-nitrogen), nitrite ($NO_2{^-}$) and nitrate ($NO_3{^-}$). As a result, the lager the surface area was, the more TAN, nitrite and nitrate decomposition rate increased. In addition, coral skeletons covered with crustose algae and bacteria in the tank showed faster TAN, nitrite and nitrate removal rate and stabilization. Accordingly, this experiment suggested that dead coral skeletons could be used as a sub filter for the closed system as well as an adhering plate.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.350-352
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• 2018

In this paper, we propose a smart indoor garden aquaculture system using PIC. In the proposed smart indoor garden aquaculture system, the aquaphonics system circulates the nutrient solution of the aquarium, the filtrate tank, and the flowerpot. The automated control system that controls the state of the nutrient solution through the various sensors and controls the pump and valve is designed. As a result of the verification of the smart indoor garden aquaculture system proposed in this paper, it was confirmed that the environment suitable for the survival of fish and plants was maintained by monitoring water temperature, DO, pH measured in real time. The water level in aquarium and flower pot was controlled through automatic operation of the Electric vale and pump.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2015

We have launched an investigation for Embryonic Development, Larvae and Juvenile Morphology, of Buenos aires tetra in order to build basic data of Characidae and fish seeding production. We brought 50 couples of Characidae from Bizidduck aquarium in Yeosu-si, Jeollanamdo, from Korea on March of 2015. We put them in the tetragonal glass aquarium ($50{\times}50{\times}30cm$). Breeding water temperature was $27.5{\sim}28.5^{\circ}C$ (mean $28.0{\pm}0.05^{\circ}C$) and being maintained. The shape of fertilized egg was round shape, and it was adhesive demersal egg. The egg size was 0.63~0.91 mm (mean $0.74{\pm}0.07mm$, n=20). After getting fertilized egg, the developmental stage was gastrula stage, and embryo covered almost two-thirds of Yolk. Incubation was happened after 16 hours 13 minutes from gastrula stage, and the tail of juvenile came out first with tearing egg capsule. Immediately after the incubation, prelarvae had 3.78~3.88 mm length (mean $3.84{\pm}0.04mm$, n=5), and it had no mouth and anus yet. 34 days after hatching from the incubation, juvenile had 8.63~13.1 mm (mean $10.9{\pm}1.66mm$), and it had similar silver-colored body shape with its mother.