• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 1999

A field experiment with 200, 400 and 600kg-N/ha/year application levels was carried out to study the nitrate nitrogen accumulation of sorghum sudangrass hybrids(Xtragraze II and Civa 1990) at Iksan College Farm in 1995. The nitrate nitrogen content of Xtragraze II and Civa 1990 was increased by the application of nitrogen and decreased as the plant matured, then the nitrate nitrogen content was below the toxic level of ruminant at the level of 200kg-N application during the whole growing period. The nitrate nitrogen content of Xtragraze II and Civa 1990 exceeded the safe level of ruminant at the level of 400kg-N application, and that in Xtragraze II decreased at the low level in the later stage of growth, but that in Civa 1990 was almost kept constantly at the same level. The nitrate nitrogen accumulation of Civa 1990 had a greater tendency than that of Xtragraze II. A sum exceeding 200kg-N does not necessarily result in increase the amount of nitrate nitrogen in sorghum sudangrass hybrids. It is suggested that 400kg-N application may results in toxic level of nitrate nitrogen, and special attention must be given in feeding them.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.214-219
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• 2008

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) level on the dry matter (DM) yield, N concentration and oxalate content of some tropical grasses, namely Rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana), Guineagrass (Panicum maximum) and Sudangrass (Sorghum vulgare). Three levels of N as urea were applied (Standard- 260, $Standard{\times}2$- 540 and$Standard{\times}4$- 1,060 kg N/ha for Rhodesgrass; Standard- 380, $Standard{\times}2$- 770 and $Standard{\times}4$- 1,570 kg N/ha for Guineagrass and Sudangrass) in a completely randomized design and grasses were harvested twice at approximately two-month intervals. Dry matter yield tended to be higher with increased rate of N fertilizer in all species, while further additional N ($Standard{\times}2$ or $Standard{\times}4$) did not significantly (p>0.05) further increase DM yield, when compared with the Standard level of N fertilizer application. There was also a trend towards higher N concentration in plants as N fertilization increased in all species and it was increased significantly in Rhodesgrass and Sudangrass (p<0.05 or p<0.01, respectively). Further additional N ($Standard{\times}2$ or $Standard{\times}4$) application showed no significant (p>0.05) differences on oxalate content in plant tissue within species, when compared with the Standard level of N. The Rhodesgrass contained 0.11, 0.13 and 0.15% soluble oxalate and 0.23, 0.25 and 0.27% total oxalate with Standard, $Standard{\times}2$ and $Standard{\times}4$ level of N application, respectively. The Guineagrass contained 0.54, 0.50 and 0.42% soluble oxalate and 1.60, 1.56 and 1.45% total oxalate with Standard, $Standard{\times}2$ and $Standard{\times}4$ level of N application, respectively. The Sudangrass contained 0.06, 0.15 and 0.12% soluble oxalate and 0.22, 0.22 and 0.21% total oxalate with Standard, $Standard{\times}2$ and $Standard{\times}4$ level of N application, respectively The results from this study suggest that these grasses do not use further addition of N fertilizer ($Standard{\times}2$ or $Standard{\times}4$) to form high content of oxalate salts, when compared with the Standard level of N. In addition, the levels of oxalate present with these grasses are quite low as far as toxicity to animals is concerned.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.112-121
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• 1993

To study management practices suitable for the least production loss of temperate pasture under summer stress, two different cutting dates (late June and mid July) under summer stress and five different nitrogen treatment application levels (0, 100. 200, 300 and 400 kg/ha) were tried during the trial period between Oct. of 1986 and Oct. of 1989. The late June cutting showed a statistically significant increase of dry matter yield of pasture in comparison with the mid-July cutting(P<0.05). Nitrogen application also gave significant increase in dry matter yield. Botanical composition at the 4th cuttings in 1988 and 1989 was dominated by weeds to the level of 50%, Application ofnitrogen at 200 kgs per ha was found to be the best with production of grasses at 70%, legumes at 10 % and weeds at 20% in botanical composition comparison of pastures at the 4th cutting time the last year, showing a great decrease of weeds. K contents of pasture in June cuttings showed to be more than them in July cutting, and N and Na contents increased with increases of the nitrogen application level. It was concluded that treatment with June cutting and nitrogen application of 200 kg per ha was a way to keep temperate pasture from summer stress in the Cheju area.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.161-174
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• 1979

A review was made on the effect of organic matter application on the chemical characteristics of soils such as pH, solubilities of minerals, and cation exchange capacity mainly at flooded rice soils. The review can be summarized as follows: 1. Application of organic material such as rice straw and compost in flooded rice soil leads to a temporary lowering of soil pH at the earlier stage of soil reduction, due to the production of various organic acids and carbonic acid. This temporary lowered pH is replaced with the production of alkaline substances such as ammonia as the reduction of soil proceeds. 2. Incorporation of organic materials intensifies the ferrous iron, dissolving various minerals, virtually to the increase in electrical conductivity of soils. 3. Organic materials also play an important role in dissolving soil minerals through the production of various chelating agents. 4. Application of soil organic matter significantly increases cation exchange capacity of soils. 5. Continuous application of rice straw or compost leads to the increase in soil organic matter content to some extent, up to the level of equilibrium. In soils low in organic matter the equilibrium level is attained with five years continuous application of compost. 6. The manner of chemical fertilizer application influences the accumulation of organic matter applied in soils. Low levels of fertilization lowers the accumulation while high levels of fertilization accerelates the accumulation.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.162-170
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was conducted to develop a curriculum model for fundamentals of nursing at the graduate level which reflects a consensus of educators and the students in Korean nursing society. Method: A survey was used with three groups to identify consensus on a curriculum model for fundamentals of nursing at the graduate level; 42 educators in fundamentals of nursing, 11 nurse educators whose major was not fundamentals of nursing and 70 nurses with a bachelor degree in nursing. Results: Consensus on a curriculum model at the graduate level were delineated from analysis of the survey, Based on these results, a curriculum model fur fundamentals of nursing at the graduate level is outlined: As one major area of nursing, fundamentals of nursing focuses on nursing practice based on basic human needs. Thus main focus of the curriculum for fundamentals of nursing at the graduate level is research performance and theory development on nursing interventions to meet basic human needs in clinical settings. Conclusions: A curriculum model for fundamentals of nursing at the graduate level suggests that its application may have a positive impact on development of distinct knowledge body for fundamentals of nursing that will differentiate the content of education for undergraduate and graduate levels of nursing. However, the suggestion for the curriculum model needs to be refined and developed for application.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.378-388
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• 2016

As the needs for the mega-sized, high-rise and irregular shape of building increase, domestic application of BIM in construction industry is increasing in recent years. In this circumstance, interests in BIM modeling and modeling detail level have been also increased. BIM that is based on a three-dimensions, requires a specific and precise building expressions. And model expression level required for each phase such as design, construction, and maintenance of the construction project could be different as its needs. Because that it is not clear to define the criteria for the expression level of construction BIM model, It is difficult to decide how detail and what to model is appropriate in the practical application of BIM model. It could be the reason why the productivity in construction project became lower and lower. In this study we consider the way how to improve the productivity of BIM and analyze the appropriate representation level of construction BIM model through the experts' survey. The results of study could suggest the basis for an appropriate expression level of construction BIM model.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 1994

When a shaft is misaligned, a high level of vibration is experienced. As a consequence, the system performance could be low with high level of noise generated. Even, a catastrophic damage of the rotating machinery may happen in the worst situation. The vibration caused by the shaft misalignment is not cured unless a correct alignment of the shaft is investigated. In this paper, a step by step approach for the turbine alignment has been demonstrated. It includes measurement tips of the coupling rim and face, calculation procedure of the bearing level, and the relevant values of the addition and subtration for shims in order to align the shaft level correctly. Then, as an application of the shaft alignment, the turbine system at the Pyung Tek focile electric power plant has been examined. Since the real system consists of high pressure, low pressure turbines and the generator, detailed alignment prolcedures of the multi stage shaft system has been demonstrated.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.1855-1860
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• 2010

Electric vehicles have reached a new level of development with introductions by Chrysler, Ford, Honda and Toyota. Today's charging technology includes conductive and inductive charging systems. There are three standardized charging levels: Level 1: charging can be done from a standard, grounded AC 120V, 3-prong outlet available in all homes; Level 2: charging is at AC 240V, 40 amp charging station with special consumer features to make it easy and convenient to plug in and charge EVs at home or at an EV charging station; Level 3: a high-powered charging "fast charge" technology currently under development that will provide a charge in less than 15 minutes. The incoming AC power is converted to DC and stored in the vehicle's batteries. In this paper, we investigated the application of urban railway DC electric power for electric car charging system.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.262-265
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• 2008

We design level 1 traffic thematic map for common data structure. Level 1 means the road that can passing cars. If public office and private company use this form, they can save amount of money from overlapping update. And widely use of traffic analysis, navigation and traffic information system. For design common data structure we compared several data structure(traffic thematic map, ITS standard node/link, Car navigation map), and generalization these characteristic data. After generalization we considered about application parts. It can use of public part(traffic analysis, road management, accident management) and private part(car navigation, map product, marketing by variable analysis) etc.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.33-34
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• 2017

The purpose of this case study is to reduce the flaw and reconstruction occur at the level of construction by determining the propriety of estimate and error on a drawing and specification at working design level through case studies of BIM application at the level of design review. As a preliminary to apply BIM technology, it is needed to review the drawing, and then it is required to define BIM range by selecting the section in which construction error occurs frequently except for the type of part that is constructed repeatedly. At the execution level, the drawing is reviewed vertically, horizontally and spatially by proceeding structure and finish modeling on the defined BIM range, and also the propriety of estimate and error on the drawing and specification are examined. We aim to raise the completion rate, improve quality of construction, reduce the cost for construction and shorten period of construction by preparing for the error on the drawing and specification in advance through this review procedures.