• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.323-336
• /
• 2015

This study explored the effect of Sociocultural attitudes toward appearance on appearance concerns, appearance management behavior, appearance complex, face satisfaction, and body satisfaction. The sample of the study was women aged between 20 and 40 who live in Seoul or Gyeonggi-do. We used 292 questionnaires for the final statistical analysis. Data were analyzed by common factor analysis, and multiple linear regression using SPSS 12.0 / Windows. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, Sociocultural attitudes toward appearance were classified into internalization and awareness, appearance management into weight control, hair care, make-up, and skin care, and appearance complex into complex from other people and complex from self. Internalization showed significant positive effects on appearance concerns, hair care, weight control, face satisfaction, and body satisfaction; however, there were negative effects on make-up, skin care, and complex from other people. Awareness showed significant positive effects on make-up skin care, weight control, and complex from other people; however, there were negative effects on appearance concerns, hair care, face satisfaction, and body satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.777-787
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to identify impacts of adolescent consumers' assertiveness and appearance concerns on their buying behaviors when they buy school uniforms. This research examined information sources and purchase evaluative criteria as related variables of clothing buying behaviors. The Internet survey was carried out to middle and high school students in Seoul. A total of 907 data were analyzed by factor analysis, frequency analysis and step-wise multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows: From a result of factor analysis on adolescent consumers' assertiveness, appearance concerns and information sources and purchase evaluative criteria for buying school uniforms, each four variances showed factorial structures clearly. School uniform consumers' assertiveness and appearance concerns had significant influences on information sources and purchase evaluative criteria. Especially, an impact of conformity appearance concern was inclined to be high on information sources and purchase evaluative criteria.

• Journal of health informatics and statistics
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.245-254
• /
• 2018

Objectives: This paper examines how serious the appearance concerns of adolescents is in South Korean society by delving into the formation and changes of adolescents' appearance concerns. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the data of multi-year tracing surveys which the National Youth Policy Institute opened to the public. The repeated Measures ANOVA, the paired t-test, and a chi-squared test were applied against the data. Results: It was found that about one out of ten adolescents experienced concerns that began as early as the upper grades of elementary school, reached its peak in middle school, and decreased afterwards. On the other hand, some of them faced enduring appearance concerns and seemed to suffer from it. One interesting finding is that adolescents once relieved from the concerns were free from it permanently. We also found that there were considerable differences between male and female adolescents in terms of the level of concerns they experienced, their peak periods, and other characteristics. Conclusions: Appearance concerns changes dynamically according to development of adolescence. Appearance concerns was less prevalent among adolescents than predicted, and it seemed considerably fluid. Our study not only confirms but also challenges some important findings of previous studies.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.132-147
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to classify the appearance concern into groups and analyze the differences of the attitude toward plastic surgery and clothing behavior by groups. Questionnaires are administered to 206 female adults in their 20's-50's living in Deagu and Kyungbook areas from $10^{th}$ July to $19^{th}$ July, 2013. Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan-test and ${\chi}^2$-test were used for data analysis. The appearance concern is categorized as follows: appearance harmony focus and body focus. The attitude toward plastic surgery was found as risk tolerance, image improvement/surgery desire and keeping the secret of surgery. Clothing behaviors are found as individuality focus, other focus, convenience and luxury ostentation. The appearance concern shows a significant correlation with the sub-variable attitude toward plastic surgery and clothing behavior. One test in the groups is determined by demographic variables like occupancy and monthly income. Appearance concerns are classified into three groups as follows: appearance concern group, low appearance concern group and body concern group. The groups show a significant difference in the attitude toward plastic surgery and clothing behavior. This difference indicates that the 20's show a high body focus on their appearance concern, an attitude of image improvement/surgery desire toward plastic surgery and another individuality focus on clothing behavior while 50's care more about convenience in their clothing behavior.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.119-134
• /
• 2003

Recently 'lookism' is prevalent in Korean society. Lookism is a thought that one of causes of unequality of the mankinds is the appearance. The appearance is not only endowed but is made by efforts. Korean market related beauty including cosmetics occupied over $15billion. The purpose of this study is to find the determinants of the appearance management behaviors. Considering social characteristics of Korea and previous literatures, Collectivism, body image were chosen as an explaining variables. And self-esteem, attitudes toward sex roles and the shopping orientation and some demographic variables were selected. For the data analysis, 514 questionnaire for male and female in Daegu were collected. The determinants of appearance management behaviors were perceived level of living, concerns toward thinness, shopping orientation, appearance evaluation, female, family oriented thinking, belief in appearance power, attitude toward sex roles.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 2016

Objective: Patients' and parents' expectations are important in orthodontic treatment decision making. The literature generally demonstrates the perceived benefits of orthodontic treatment, but patients' and their parents' concerns about orthodontic treatment have not been investigated comprehensively. The aim of this study was to identify patients' and parents' concerns about orthodontic treatment and compare them according to sex, age, and treatment demand level. Methods: One hundred and eighty-nine children and their parents were interviewed about concerns related to orthodontic treatment. Patients and parents were asked about orthodontic treatment decisions. Answers were recorded as "yes," "no," or "don't know." Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare concerns between age groups, sexes, and treatment demand levels. Kappa statistics were used to assess agreement between patients and their parents. Results: Concerns about orthodontic treatment were gathered under 10 items as follows: "feeling pain," "the appearance of braces," "being teased," "avoiding smiling," "speech problems," "dietary changes," "problems with transportation," "economic problems," "long treatment duration," and "missing school." There was no statistically significant difference in concerns between the sexes or age groups. Some concern items and treatment demand were inversely related in patients. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate patients' and parents' concerns about orthodontic treatment. Differences between the concerns of patients with different treatment demands imply that children might reject orthodontic treatment because of their concerns. Appropriate consultation of patients addressing their concerns may help reduce anxiety and improve the acceptance of treatment.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differences between the level of satisfaction and concern regarding appearance according to gender, the importance of appearance in job interviews, and the influence appearance has on job-seeking stress and anxiety under the ever-increasing pressure on students to secure employment so that appropriate psychological interventions can be provided to undergraduates. Methods: The survey was conducted on 170 third and fourth year undergraduates in Gyeonggi province from August 31st to September 6th, 2012 to figure out the correlations and differences in variables of appearance satisfaction and concern, and the importance of appearance in job interviews and job-seeking stress and anxiety according to the differences in gender. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, independent t-test, two-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: 1. There was difference between the genders for appearance satisfaction and concern. The level of satisfaction was higher in male students while concerns regarding appearance were higher in female students. There was no gender difference regarding the importance of appearance in job interviews, job-seeking stress, and job-seeking anxiety. 2. For the concerns in appearance, there was a significant difference between the genders in appearance management, and gender and the importance of appearance in job interviews showed significant interactive effects. Stress and anxiety from job-seeking did not show significant differences between the genders, but there were common significant interactive effects between gender and grades, gender and employment, and gender and the importance of appearance in job interviews. 3. Both male and female students showed higher job-seeking stress as their job-seeking anxiety was higher. Job-seeking anxiety was higher in male students who had higher concern in appearance, and in female students who placed more emphasis on the importance of appearance in job interviews. Conclusion: As female students perceived appearance in job interviews as important more than male students, their job-seeking anxiety was higher, while male students who showed higher concern in appearance also showed higher level of anxiety in job-seeking. As job-seeking anxiety was higher, job-seeking stress was also higher according to the entire participants, based on this result, methods to decrease job-seeking anxiety should be suggested.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.777-786
• /
• 2013

This study identifies the influences of appearance-related consumption behavior according to interpersonal relations and masculinity examined through amediated effect of appearance concerns based on a structural study method. Five hypotheses were established to verify the relationships of interpersonal relations, masculinity and appearance-related consumption behavior. Questionnaires were administered to 201 males in their 20s to 50s living in Daegu South Korea. The SPSS 20.0 package utilized for data analysis included frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. This study utilized an Amos 21.0 program, a Confirmative Factor Analysis(CFA)and a Structural Equation Modeling(SEM). The results of the study are as follows: First, the appearance concern showed a partial mediation effect between measurement variables that verified the causal relationship of the structural model. Second, interpersonal relations showed a positive influence on masculinity. Third, masculinity showed a positive influence on the appearance concern. Fourth, masculinity had a positive influence on appearance-related consumption behavior. Fifth, interpersonal relations did not have a significant influence on appearance-related consumption behavior. Sixth, the appearance concern showed a positive influence on appearance-related consumption behavior. The findings of this study can influence a market segmentation strategy by predicting future emotional and new consumption markets strategies for male's appearance-related product.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.438-447
• /
• 2012

This study investigates the effects of appearance-relative behaviors of adolescent female consumers on their awareness of heath harmfulness and skinny jeans purchasing behaviors and identifies the influential variables on the wearing satisfaction of skinny jeans. A survey was carried out with middle and high school female students and 386 responses were analyzed using descriptive analysis, factor analysis, a reliability test, and regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows, 1) From the results of the factor analysis on appearance-related behaviors and clothing benefits of skinny jeans for female adolescents, each of the variance assessments clearly showed factorial structures. 2) As a result of looking at the influences of appearance-relative behaviors on the clothing benefits of skinny jeans, respondents who paid more attention to their appearance tended to consider hygiene and activity comfort less important. In addition, respondents who had higher fashion concerns tended to consider aesthetic, practicability, desired trend, and activity comfort more important. 3) Respondents who had higher fashion concerns and considered activity comfort more important among skinny jeans benefits showed a higher level of satisfaction when wearing skinny jeans. However, respondents who thought aesthetic and health hygiene more important when buying skinny jeans showed a lower level of satisfaction when wearing skinny jeans. Female adolescents showed less satisfaction when wearing skinny jeans, as they perceived harmfulness about skinny jeans more.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.56 no.3 s.102
• /
• pp.143-155
• /
• 2006

This study aims to examine the difference of body image and psychological well-being of men and women according to appearance management. The subjects of the study were 673 college students who lived in Seoul and metropolitan areas. Statistical analyses used in the study were factor analysis, Cronbach's a, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan test and $\chi^2-test$. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The body image was categorized into the three factors of personal interest innce, anxiety about weight and physical attraction. Appearance management was categorized into the appearance management through clothing, strict diet therapy and daily appearance management. The psychological well-being was classified as seven factors which include the life goal, self-acceptance, positive personal relations, self-regulation, personal development, environment control and responsibility. 2. The appearance management was classified by 4 groups as below: Daily appearance management group, strict diet therapy group, appearance management through clothing group and no interest in appearance group. 3. There were significant differences among the four groups regarding body image, psychological well-being and life satisfaction. First, appearance management through clothing group had more interest in appearance than other groups. In the case of weight awareness, strict diet therapy group and the appearance management through clothing group intended to have more concerns over their weight. The strict diet therapy group seemed to have an overall lower level of psychological well-being than other groups. Lastly, the appearance management through clothing group had a higher level of life satisfaction.