• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2019

It is a descriptive study for the relationship between appearance management behaviors and mental health of some female college students. We analyzes 433 self-administered questionnaires from March to June 2017 for female students who enrolled in three-year colleges in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, South Korea. The conclusion is as follows. We used IBM SPSS Statistics 22.0(SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) for the analysis by person's characteristics, t-test and one way ANOVA, multiple regression analyses. The second-year grade shows higher points than the first-year grade in appearance management behaviors and mental health level(p<0.001, p<0.05). In addition, when students has the higher level of the household as the humanities students, they have higher level of mental health level(p<0.001). The most influential factors affecting the mental health level of female college students are domestic economic level and cosmetic management behavioral factors. The level of mental health was higher in the middle and upper group of the domestic economic level. When they do more cosmetic management behavior, they have lower the mental health level. In conclusion, it is deemed necessary for students to attend intensive and sufficient counseling with an academic advisor. The continuous attention through school counseling management services depending on grade, domestic economy level, and cosmetic management behavior is necessary in order to enhance the level of mental health for female students. In addition to that, the college needs to develop individual customized psychology counseling and educational programs through U-mental healthcare service in order to lessen the great pressure of sensitive information and provide mental consultation. The college needs to consider students' characteristics and needs from the results of this study. It is considered that a smart mental healthcare program will be needed to identify mental health of the individual through the systematic approach.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2011

This study compares the expected values of appearance management for the suit buying behavior of men in two age groups: (20s-30s and 40s-50s) to investigate the effect of male consumers' expected values in regards to appearance management on the purchase behavior of men's suits between two generations. A survey was carried out with male consumers between the ages of 20 and 50; a total of 135 responses were analyzed by descriptive analysis, factor analysis, a reliability test, an independent samples t-test, MANOVA, ANOVA, and regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) From a result of the factor analysis on male consumers' expected value of appearance management and the information sources and purchase evaluative criteria for buying men's suits, each of three variance assessments clearly showed factorial structures. 2) There were significant differences between those in their 20s-30s and those in their 40s-50s in terms of male consumers' expected values of appearance management, their information sources, and their purchase evaluative criteria when buying men's suits. 3) As a result of looking at the differences in the effects of expected values of appearance management on men's suit buying behavior according to age (generation), the younger generation in this study showed that men's suit purchasing tendency was affected by the managing appearance factor for internal reasons such as enjoyment and self-satisfaction. On the other hand, the assessment of the older generation revealed that appearance management for external reasons such as showing social power, good human relationships, and conformity influenced their suit purchase behaviors.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.29-41
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of value systems and social self-concept on the appearance management behavior and clothing benefits according to gender. The data were collected via a self-administered questionnaire from 453 male and female college students in Jecheon and analyzed by factor analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression, and t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Value systems and clothing benefits classified into four factors respectively. 2. There existed significant differences according to gender in value system factors, social self-concept, appearance management behaviors and clothing benefit factors. 3. There existed correlations between value system factors and social self-concept. For male students, four factors of value system were correlated with social self-concept. But only one factor(pursuit of peaceful and secure life) was correlated with social self-concept for female students. 4. In male and female students, appearance management behaviors and clothing benefits were influenced by various value system factors and social self-concept.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1647-1657
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• 2010

This study examines underwear purchase behaviors and the attitude of male consumers based on the degree of interest in appearance. Data research was conducted on 296 males in their 20s and 30s located in Seoul & Gyeonggi province. The SPSS 17.0 software program was used to conduct data analyses such as descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, factor analysis, cluster analysis, t-test, and $\chi^2$-test. The results of this study are as follows: The degree of interest in appearance was identified with four factors; outfit management, confidence of figure, interest in clothing, weight control, and disinterest in appearance. Customers were segmented into two subdivisions: high and low interest in appearance. The factors derived from the factor analysis of underwear purchase motive included aesthetic, impulsiveness, and practicality. The purchase behavior of the group with high interest in appearance was highly motivated by aesthetics and impulsiveness. The factors derived from the factor analysis of underwear attitude included fashionability, comfortableness, and quality. Customers were segmented into the following three subdivisions: pursuit of comfortableness, pursuit of diversity, and normal. The type of high interest in appearance regarded fashionability and quality highly. Finally, the degree of interest in appearance showed significant relevance in purchase motive and underwear attitude for underwear.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-29
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• 2015

This study examined whether any differences were found in body comparison, body satisfaction, and appearance management behaviors according to socialcultural attitudes toward appearance among male and female adolescents in Gwangju and Jeolla province. It was conducted by a self-report survey of 598 male and female students in eigth and eleventh grades in Gwangju and Jeonnam province, South Korea. The collected survey data were analyzed by Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, Factor analysis, ${\chi}^2$ test, K-means cluster analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's grouping using SPSS/PC WIN 19.0 statical program. The results were as the following: Adolescents perceived and internalized more highly than the common level the socialcultural value toward appearance, especially for female, and by age, juniors in high school than in middle school. Socialcultural attitudes toward appearance could be classified into four categories: 'Accepted type', 'internal type', 'aware type', and 'unaccepted type'. Students who were classified as 'accepted type', and 'internal type' showed lower level of body satisfaction and compared their bodies more often with others. They also actively received appearance management behaviors. Therefore, they showed positive attitude toward cosmetic surgery and functional garments. They also worked hard to reduce their weights just to show off to others. In conclusion, it is necessary for education programs to protect self-esteem of adolescents from the socialcultural distortion to appearance.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.273-284
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• 2015

The purpose of the study is to investigate baseline data by exploring the self-esteem and general appearance management behavior in North Korean immigrant women. The data were collected from December 2014 to February 2015 from 201 participants. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 program. The followings are the results of the present study. 1) The mean score of self-esteem was 2.40 in 4 points, and the mean of the appearance concern was 3.20 in 5 points. And the mean of general appearance management behavior was 2.67 in 5 points. Subjects had a lot of make-up and clothes behaviors. However exercise, food intake behaviors of subjects were lowerer than average. 2) There were significant differences between self-esteem, the appearance concern and general charateristeics(e.g age, intent weight loss, interest in cosmetic surgery). In general appearance management behavior, there was a significant difference among age, interest in cosmetic surgery and job in North Korea. 3) There was a significant correlation among self-esteem and the appearance concern, general appearance management behavior, age, intent weight control as well as interest in cosmetic surgery. In the appearance concern, it showed a correlation with general appearance management behavior, age, intent weight control as well as interest in cosmetic surgery. In general appearance management behavior, there was a significant correlation among the age, intent weight control and interest in cosmetic surgery. 4) 44.7% of general appearance management behavior was explained: self-esteem, the appearance concern. Therefore, it can be suggested that utilization of developing programs for improving self-esteem and appearance management behavior.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.4 s.42
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• pp.13-23
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to classify high school male and female students according to body cathexis and appearance interest, and understand their appearance management behaviors and clothing benefits sought. The results were as follows : First, the body cathexis of high school students were low, and female students had lower body cathexis than male students especially in the lower halves of bodies. The appearance interests of students were high, but female students had higher appearance interests than male students. Second, male students were classified by body cathexis and appearance interest into three groups with high, middle, and low body cathexis and appearance interest, and most of them belonged to the middle group. Female students were classified into four groups(with high body cathexis and appearance interest, with high body cathexis but low appearance interest, with low body cathexis but high appearance interest, and with low body cathexis and appearance interest) and most of them belonged to the group with low body cathexis but high appearance interest. Third, male students in groups with high and middle body cathexis and appearance interest showed more appearance management behaviors than those in the group with low body cathexis and appearance, while management behavior, followed by the group with low body cathexis but high appearance interest, that with high body cathexis but low appearance interest, and that with low body cathexis and appearance interest. Fourth, female students sought more aesthetics, fashionability, brand, and price in clothing coml)wed to male students. Male students in high and middle groups tended to seek more aesthetics, fashionability, and brand than those in the low group, but all three groups didn't consider price benefit sought. Female students with high body cathexis and appearance interest tended to seek more aesthetics and fashionability than those in other three groups. And only the group with low body cathexis and appearance interest didn't consider brand benefit sought. All four groups were found to consider price benefit sought. I hope that results of this study help teachers to guide students' clothing life more positively by understanding their appearance management behaviors and clothing benefits sought than to control negatively.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.912-922
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• 2013

This study examined the differences in appearance orientation and appearance management behavior in groups (classified by the body mass index) as well as explored the differences in each of demographic variables. Data were collected from 513 respondents from the city of Daegu as well as Gyeongbuk province. Collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Duncan tests. The results showed that 14.3% of the respondents were underweight, 60.0% normal, and 25.7% overweight according to BMI. The appearance orientation of the respondents was revealed to be high. Skin care was the most popular appearance management behavior, followed by make-up, clothing selection, hair care and weight training. Due to appearance orientation by body type, the appearance orientation for the underweight was the highest followed by normal and overweight. There were significant differences in skin care, make-up, clothing selection, hair care among the three groups in appearance management behavior; however, no differences in weight training. Generally, appearance management behavior of the underweight was the highest, followed by the normal and the overweight. In addition, there were significant group differences in appearance orientation and appearance management behavior according to demographic variables. This study contributes basic information to the field of appearance management behavior research and beauty industry marketing strategy through a better understanding of the relationships of BMI, appearance orientation, and appearance management behavior.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.18 no.3 s.41
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• pp.119-131
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the body size perception and appearance management behaviors of middle school boys and girls. Subjects of this study were 7 coeducational middle school boys and girls in Gwangju and 435 responses were collected from real body measurement and questionnaires. SPSS package 12.0(Kr) was used to analyze results. The results were summarized as follows: First, middle school boys and girls tended to perceive their bodies slimmer as well as obeser. It is recommended to give education for correct perception of their body sire. Second, the correlation of body size perception factor and appearance management behavior was Middle school boys and girls tended to manage their appearance using a diet rather than doing exercise in obesity distortion perception group(the group perceive obeser than real body size). It needs to be properly guided. Third, the appearance management behavior of slimness distortion perception group(the group perceive slimmer than real body size) and normal group was examined. While middle school boys did only exercise management, middle school girls did all but exercise management. Their education should be distinguished. Finally, while slimness distortion perception group did diet management in both middle school boys and girls, they tended not to manage body correction or exercise. A tendency to depend only on a diet in the group who should perceive their need of exercise should be corrected. In order to correct the distorted body perception and appearance management behavior of middle school boys and girls, it is recommended to educate a standard body size through home management education which is a regular curriculum, and at the same time to guide them to perceive their actual body size correct.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.107-124
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to classify types in sense of gender role identity and to figure out the difference among sociocultural attitude, benefits of clothing pursuit, and appearance management behaviors by sense of gender role identity types. Questionnaires were administered to 455 people in their twenties and thirties living in Daegu and Kyoungbuk area. Data were analyzed by using frequency, factor analysis, credibility, $X^2$-test, ANOVA, Duncan-test, and t-test. The findings are as follows. First, Men of androgyny group showed the highest rate of 38.5% followed by undifferentiation(22.9%), masculineness(21.0%), and feminineness(17.6%). Women of undifferentiation group showed the highest rate of 33.2% followed by feminineness (25.2%), androgyny(22.0%), and masculineness(19.6%). Second, factors of sociocultural attitude were internalization and recognition. Benefits of clothing pursuit consists of the factors such as consciousness of others, personality, and vogue pursuit. Factors of appearance management behaviors were dressing, skin management, plastic surgery management, weight management, health management, and hair management. Third, the result from the difference between sociocultural attitude and benefits of clothing pursuit by sense of gender role identity types, men of androgyny and feminineness showed highest in recognition while women of androgyny showed highest in internalization and recognition. The result of the difference in benefits of clothing pursuit by sense of gender role identity shows that both men and women of androgyny group have high tendency for being conscious of others, personality pursuit, and vogue pursuit while men of undifferentiation and masculineness have low interest in dressing in relationship with others. Fourth, the examination of the difference in appearance management behavior by sense of gender role identity types found men of androgyny group managed dressing, skin, weight, health and hair most while women dress and health most. Men of undifferentiation group managed dressing and weight least, while men of masculineness health, and men of feminineness hair least.