• 한국작물학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.143-158
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• 2009

This experiment was carried out to examine ecological response and soybean quality as affected by environmental cultivation for producing high seed quality in domestic soybean variety. The results are as follows: Under equal cumulative temperature condition, soybean plants grown in Muju showed longer days to flowering, which was an effect of the long day-length on high latitudes, and longer duration of reproductive stage as a result of low temperature within that period. Considering apparent seed quality, 100 seed weight of soybeans grown in Muju was heavier than Miryang. Ratio of seed crack and disease-damaged seeds was lower in Muju, and these parameters decreases as planting was delayed. The protein contents did not show significant difference in terms of altitude and planting date, however, crude oil contents were higher in Miryang. An opposite trend was observed in C18:1 and C18:3. In the fatty acid composition, the proportion of C18:1 decreased as seeding date was delayed, and was higher in Miryang. Opposite observations were obtained from C18:3. The anthocyanin contents were highest on June 10 planting and higher in Muju than in Miryang. Isoflavone content was higher as seeding date was delayed and is similar accross seeding dates in Muju. As a summary, for high seed quality production the optimum planting date was June 10, and Muju was more suitable region than Miryang.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of storage time on fresh boar semen in Androhep and Beltsville Thawing Solution (BTS). Boar semen samples extended in each extender were stored at $17^{\circ}C$ up to 4 days. Sperm motility kinematics was evaluated by computer assisted sperm analyzer (CASA) and capacitation status by chlortetracycline (CTC)/Hoechst 33258 staining. Sperm motility (%) was not decreased during storage in BTS and Androhep. No significant difference between extenders was observed. Only significant differences in kinematic parameters on linearity during storage were found. The percentage of dead sperm significantly decreased during storage (p<0.05). Also the percentage of noncapacitated, capacitated, and acrosome-reacted sperm significantly modified during storage (p<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between extenders except proportion of capacitated sperm. This finding supported that modification in these parameters was not significantly different between extenders during this short-term storage. Our finding strongly indicated that both Androhep and BIS maintained favorable conditions for motility, motility kinematics, and capacitation status during short-term storage. Despite modifications in some parameters were apparent during sperm storage in extenders, these may not affect the fertilizing capacity of boar semen.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1435-1440
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• 2008

An experiment was carried out to investigate whether a local breed of cattle is better adapted than European breed crosses to low quality feeds and to variations in their supply. Four Red Chittagong (RC) and four Holstein cross Sahiwal (Hx) cattle were used to compare the intake and digestibility of German grass (Echinocloa crusgalli) and rice straw with four regimes of feed supply. These were; a choice of German grass and rice straw each offered ad libitum on the same day (A); German grass and rice straw offered ad libitum on alternate days (B); rice straw offered ad libitum for 5 days followed by German grass ad libitum for 5 days (C); and German grass offered ad libitum for 5 days followed by rice straw ad libitum for 5 days (D). Each breed was offered the treatments in a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square design. The German grass intake and total dry matter intake per kg metabolic live weight were significantly higher for the Hx than for RC, but there were no significant effects of genotype on digestibility of nutrients or live weight. Treatment A had the highest proportion of German grass relative to rice straw in the total DM intake, and had the highest total DM intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients compared with treatments B, C and D. It was concluded that there was no significant evidence that the RG cattle were better adapted to a variable supply of low quality feed than Hx cattle, and that the variable feed supply reduced the ability of cattle to select a preferred diet and consequently nutrient intake was depressed.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.103-106
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• 2002

A method that describes the determination of the in vitro release of ketoprofen from gels was suggested. The experimental system of the method consists of a Franz diffusion cell, which contains a pH 7.4 phosphate buffer as a receptor medium, and a $70\;{\mu}m$ mesh woven nylon membrane as a diffusion barrier. Under the given condition of the system, the diffusion of ketoprofen across the membrane was rapid enough that the apparent release profile of ketoprofen obtained from the present method could represent the release of the drug from gel preparations. The release of ketoprofen in the present method was reproducible, and the rate increased in proportion to the concentration of ketoprofen in the gel. These suggest that the present method is applicable to the quality evaluation of gel preparations containing ketoprofen.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2012

$Mycoplasma$ $pneumoniae$ (MP), the smallest self-replicating biological system, is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, leading to a wide range of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations. MP pneumonia has been reported in 10 to 40% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia and shows an even higher proportion during epidemics. MP infection is endemic in larger communities of the world with cyclic epidemics every 3 to 7 years. In Korea, 3 to 4-year cycles have been observed from the mid-1980s to present. Although a variety of serologic assays and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques are available for the diagnosis of MP infections, early diagnosis of MP pneumonia is limited by the lack of immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies and variable PCR results in the early stages of the infection. Thus, short-term paired IgM serologic tests may be mandatory for an early and definitive diagnosis. MP infection is usually a mild and self-limiting disease without specific treatment, and if needed, macrolides are generally used as a first-choice drug for children. Recently, macrolide-resistant MP strains have been reported worldwide. However, there are few reports of apparent treatment failure, such as progression of pneumonia to acute respiratory distress syndrome despite macrolide treatment. The immunopathogenesis of MP pneumonia is believed to be a hyperimmune reaction of the host to the insults from MP infection, including cytokine overproduction and immune cell activation (T cells). In this context, immunomodulatory treatment (corticosteroids or/and intravenous Ig), in addition to antibiotic treatment, might be considered for patients with severe infection.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.267-271
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• 1998

추출조건에 따른 다시마 alginate의 성질을 조사하기 위해 추출용매인 $Na_{2}CO_{3}$의 농도를 $1\%,\;3\%$, 및 $5\%$로 조절하고, 추출시간을 1, 3, 5 및 10시간으로 하였을 때 각 추출조건에서 추출된 alginate의 점도변화와 금속이 온 결합능을 측정하였다. $Na_{2}CO_{3}$의 농도가 높을수록 추출시간이 길어질수록 alginate의 겉보기 점도 및 금속이온과의 결합능은 감소하였다. Alginate 의 최대 금속이온 결합능을 나타내는 이온농도는 0.06M, $25m{\ell}$였다. Alginate의 금속이온과의 결합능은 $Pb^{++}$이 가장 높았고, $Cu^{++}$이 가장 낮게 나타났다. Alginate의 점도가 증가할수록 alginate의 금속이온 결합능도 증가되었다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.611-616
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• 1998

Although the $Ca^{2+}-activated\;K^+\;(I_{K,Ca})$ channel is known to play an important role in the maintenance of resting membrane potential, the regulation of the channel in physiological condition is not completely understood in vascular myocytes. In this study, we investigated the role of cytoplasmic $Mg^{2+}$ on the regulation of $I_{K,Ca}$ channel in pulmonary arterial myocytes of the rabbit using the inside-out patch clamp technique. $Mg^{2+}$ increased open probability (Po), but decreased the magnitude of single channel current. $Mg^{2+}-induced$ block of unitary current showed strong voltage dependence but increase of Po by $Mg^{2+}$ was not dependent on the membrane potential. The apparent effect of $Mg^{2+}$ might, thus, depend on the proportion between opposite effects on the Po and on the conductance of $I_{K,Ca}$ channel. In low concentration of cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+}$ increased $I_{K,Ca}$ by mainly enhancement of Po. However, at very high concentration of cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+},$ such as pCa 5.5, $Mg^{2+}$ decreased $I_{K,Ca}$ through the inhibition of unitary current. Moreover, $Mg^{2+}$ could activate the channel even in the absence of $Ca^{2+}.\;Mg^{2+}$ might, therefore, partly contribute to the opening of $I_{K,Ca}$ channel in resting membrane potential. This phenomenon might explain why $I_{K,Ca}$ contributes to the resting membrane potential where membrane potential and concentration of free $Ca^{2+}$ are very low.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.830-837
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• 2016

그라파이트 폼의 압축강도를 향상시키기 위하여 메조페이스 핏치를 공기분위기에서 산화안정화 한 후 다양한 불소 부분압으로 처리하였다. 불소화 처리된 메조페이스 핏치의 불소/탄소 표면화학 조성은 불소 부분압에 따라서 약 23.75%~61.48%의 범위를 가진다. 불소화 메조페이스 핏치기반 그라파이트 폼의 압축강도는 겉보기 밀도의 증가에 비례하여 증가되었다. 불소/탄소 표면화학 조성이 35.93%의 값을 갖는 메조페이스 핏치로부터 제조된 그라파이트 폼의 압축강도는 최대 $2.93{\pm}0.06MPa$의 값을 보여 주었으며, 이 값은 미처리된 메조페이스 핏치로부터 제조된 그라파이트 폼과 비교하여 27.95% 증가되었다. 이러한 결과는 표면에너지가 큰 불소 작용기로 인한 메조페이스 핏치간의 계면결합력이 그 압축강도를 증가시켰기 때문으로 여겨진다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.992-997
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• 2002

Two in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of novel urease inhibitor hydroquinone (HQ) on ammonia release rate from urea hydrolysis, nitrogen balance, nutrient digestibility and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. In Exp. 1, twelve crossbred cannulated lambs were randomly assigned within initial body weight block to one of four HQ treatments, which included 0 (control), 30, 60 or 80 mg HQ/kg DM intake. Ammonia concentration and pH of ruminal fluid were immediately measured at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after feeding. Increasing the dose of HQ tended (p<0.15) to linearly decrease NH3 formation. The ammonia peak concentration (2 h post-feeding) in animals receiving HQ was approximately one-half of that in animals not receiving HQ (p<0.01), and a relatively sustained ammonia release could be obtained at the dose of 30 or 60 mg HQ/kg DM. In Exp. 2, sixteen intact crossbred lambs (weight $40{\pm}0.8kg$) were used in a $2{\times}2$ factorial design experiment. The four rations consisting of soybean meal-based (SBM) or urea-based (Urea) nitrogen source with or without HQ (S1, S0, U1 and U0) were fed in digestion and N balance trials. Apparent digestibility of major nutrients except that of ADF was not affected by either nitrogen source or addition of HQ. Regardless of nitrogen source, supplementation of HQ significantly improved ADF digestibility (p<0.05). The various ration had no effects on N metabolism in the presence of HQ. There was significant difference between total purine derivatives (PD), estimated efficiency of microbial N synthesis (p<0.05) and urea-N excretion (p<0.01) in the urine for the SBM ration and for the Urea ration. However, HQ had little influence on efficiency of microbial N synthesis as proportion of daily intake of total tract digestible OM (p>0.05). No interactions between main nitrogen source and HQ were measured throughout the trial. Results of this study suggest that addition of HQ to ration may improve ADF digestion with having no negative effect on N metabolism and microbial protein production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1415-1421
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• 2006

Proper nutritional management during the dry period is required to prevent metabolic disorders during the time of parturition and for potential increase milk yield during early lactation, especially under the heat of summer. The effect of prepartum diets on partitioning of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) and potassium (K) during dry period and early lactation in summer was investigated. Nine cows were assigned to two groups and fed either control (group C: four cows) or high concentrate (group H: five cows) diets to meet 110% of their requirements before parturition. The proportion of concentrate in control diet was 35%, and that in the high concentrate diet was 45%. After parturition, all cows were fed the same diets ad libitum during lactation. Balance trials were conducted at 9, 8 and 7 days before parturition and at 12, 13 and 14 days after parturition. Before parturition, dry matter intake (DMI), DM and NFE digestibility in group C tended to be lower than those in group H. The retention of N (p<0.01) and P (p<0.05) in group C during the dry period was significantly lower than those in group H. The retention of Mg in group C during the dry period tended to be lower than in group H. The concentration of plasma NEFA in group C tended to be higher than in group H during dry period. The prepartum diet did not have an apparent effect on DMI and milk yield at 2 weeks after parturition and N, Ca, P, Mg and K balance after parturition.